State v. Jonathan Gils ( 2020 )

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
December 22, 2020
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Sheila T. Reiff petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.
Appeal No. 2018AP461 Cir. Ct. No. 1995CF954770
STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT I
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,
V.
JONATHAN GILS,
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
APPEAL from an order of the circuit court for Milwaukee County:
DENNIS R. CIMPL, Judge. Affirmed.
Before Brash, P.J., Donald and White, JJ.
Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent
or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
No. 2018AP461
¶1 PER CURIAM. Jonathan Gils appeals from an order denying his
postconviction motion for relief. Upon review, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
¶2 This case has been before this court multiple times, as it is the sixth
time Gils has sought postconviction relief. Gils’s appeal stems from his 1996
conviction, following a jury trial, for two counts of armed robbery, one count of
aggravated battery, and one count of substantial battery, all as a party to the
crimes. Gils subsequently filed a WIS. STAT. RULE 809.30 (2017-18)1
postconviction motion, which the circuit court denied. He appealed and we
affirmed. See State v. Gils, No. 1996AP3543, unpublished slip op. (WI App Jan.
20, 1998).
¶3 In 1999, Gils, pro se, filed a motion for postconviction relief under
WIS. STAT. § 974.06. The circuit court denied the motion, Gils appealed, and we
affirmed. See State v. Gils, No. 2000AP180, unpublished slip op. (WI App
Apr. 24, 2001).
¶4 In 2010, Gils, pro se, filed a motion for sentence modification,
which the circuit court determined was actually a motion seeking resentencing.
The circuit court denied the motion both on its merits and on the basis that it was
barred by State v. Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis. 2d 168, 517 N.W.2d 157 (1994).
The circuit court also denied Gils’s motion for reconsideration.
1
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2017-18 version unless otherwise
noted.
2
No. 2018AP461
¶5 In 2015, Gils filed three postconviction motions asking the circuit
court to vacate his judgment of conviction on one of the armed robbery counts
(count one) on the grounds that it was fraudulently procured and then allow him to
plead guilty to that count. Specifically, Gils alleged that the State committed fraud
by intentionally failing to disclose “material” facts to the circuit court. Gils argued
that the State’s fraud invalidated the amended information. Gils’s theory was that
the amended information neglected to state that a stolen handgun would partly
serve as a factual basis for count one. Gils also moved the circuit court to
incorporate two letters from the State into the record, arguing that the letters
supported his argument that the State failed to disclose material facts to the court
which invalidated the amended information. Gils also moved the court to hold a
fact-finding hearing on his motion to set aside his judgment of conviction as to
that count. The circuit court denied the motion as procedurally barred by
Escalona. We affirmed. See State v. Gils, No. 2015AP414, unpublished op. and
order (WI App July 27, 2016).
¶6 On December 13, 2017, Gils, pro se, filed the postconviction motion
underlying this appeal. Gils argued that pursuant to two United States Supreme
Court cases, Lafler v. Cooper, 566 U.S. 156 (2012), and Missouri v. Frye, 566
U.S. 134 (2012), the State’s conduct constituted a violation of his due process
rights. Gils argued that he was previously “not aware of the legal basis of his
substantively insufficient delusional plea of not guilty.”
¶7 The circuit court denied the motion, finding that Gils was essentially
attempting to “raise the same or similar issues which were raised in the
defendant’s 2015 motion and which were deemed barred,” namely, that the State’s
“recitation of the material facts in the complaint and [its] failure to mention certain
3
No. 2018AP461
information in [its] plea offers concerning the charge of armed robbery in count
one.”
¶8 This appeal follows.
DISCUSSION
¶9 On appeal, Gils argues that the Supreme Court’s holdings in Lafler
and Frye allow us to review “any prejudicial error occurring during the executory
stage of the plea bargaining process.” He contends that his failure to raise his
Lafler/Frye argument in his 2015 motion was due to his “unawareness of the
bases underlying [his] constitutional claim,” and is not barred by Escalona due to
the “novelty” of his “constitutional claim.”2
¶10 We disagree with Gils’s argument and conclude that his most recent
postconviction claims are barred by State v. Witkowski, 163 Wis. 2d 985, 990, 473
N.W.2d 512 (Ct. App. 1991) (a matter already litigated cannot be relitigated in
subsequent postconviction proceedings “no matter how artfully the defendant may
rephrase the issue”), and/or Escalona, 185 Wis. 2d at 185 (claims that were or
could have been raised on a prior direct appeal or postconviction motion from a
criminal judgment of conviction cannot be the basis for a subsequent
postconviction motion under WIS. STAT. § 974.06 unless the court finds that there
was sufficient reason for failing to raise the claim in the earlier proceeding).
2
Gils alternatively argues that he is entitled to resentencing. We agree with the State
that “Gils cannot escape the [State v. Escalona-Naranjo, 185 Wis. 2d 168, 517 N.W.2d 157(1994)] bar by asking for resentencing instead of a new trial.”
4
No. 2018AP461
¶11 Gils’s 2015 postconviction motion and his current motion on appeal
stem from the same factual assertion: that the State failed to disclose material
facts to the circuit court and was essentially deceptive in its plea negotiations
because it did not provide the complete factual basis for count one. Gils attempts
to avoid the procedural bar by arguing that the “novelty” of Lafler and Frye—
cases which he claims he was previously unaware—provides a new basis for us to
review his claims. Gils’s argument fails for multiple reasons.
¶12 First, Lafler and Frye were both released in 2012—three years prior
to Gils’s 2015 motion. Gils relies on multiple easily distinguishable cases to
support his assertion that his “unawareness” of Lafler and Frye does not preclude
us from considering his argument; however, he ignores our repeated holding that
ignorance of the law is not a sufficient excuse to challenge a judgment of
conviction multiple times. If it were, the procedural bar of Escalona and WIS.
STAT. § 974.06(4) would be eviscerated, as many, if not most, collateral
challenges are raised by pro se litigants.
¶13 Second, even if we were to overlook Gils’s attempt to put a new
legal spin on a repeat argument, neither Lafler nor Frye actually support Gils’s
claims. “The gist of Lafler and Frye is that plea bargaining is so critical to our
criminal justice system that it requires the effective assistance of counsel
throughout the bargaining process. A defendant may now be able [to] raise
specific challenges to counsel’s performance in plea bargaining even if the
defendant receives a fair trial.” State v. Frey, 2012 WI 99, ¶59, 343 Wis. 2d 358,
817 N.W.2d 436. These holdings are not only inapplicable to the facts of Gils’s
case, but they would not have affected Gils’s ability to raise the State’s purported
failings in a former motion.
5
No. 2018AP461
¶14 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court.3
By the Court.—Order affirmed.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT. RULE
809.23(1)(b)5.
3
Because Gils has sought postconviction relief six times, the State asks that we advise
Gils that further attacks on his convictions will result in conditions restricting the circumstances
under which he may pursue appeals and sanctions for violating those conditions. See State v.
Casteel, 2001 WI App 188, ¶¶19-27, 247 Wis. 2d 451, 634 N.W.2d 338. While we decline at this
point to issue a definite Casteel warning, we remind Gils that claims unsupported by a sufficient
reason for not previously raising them, rephrasing of resolved issues, and conclusory assertions
will not earn him postconviction relief.
6