In Re: Remains of Chester Howard West ( 2017 )

No. 16-0410 - In re: The Remains of Chester Howard West
FILED
June 7, 2017
released at 3:00 p.m.
RORY L. PERRY, II CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
LOUGHRY, Chief Justice, dissenting: OF WEST VIRGINIA
“‘[A]s to the dead, who are not here to answer for themselves, it would be the
height of injustice and cruelty to disturb their ashes, and violate the sanctity of the grave[.]’”
Haudenschilt v. Haudenschilt, 129 W.Va. 92, 121, 39 S.E.2d 328, 343 (1946) (Kenna, J.,
dissenting) (internal citation omitted). Yet, the majority of this Court has done just that and,
in the process, they have opened Pandora’s Box. Critically, “[g]ood intentions . . . like bad
facts[] sometimes make bad law.” Motorists Mut. Ins. Co. v. Huron Rd. Hosp., 653 N.E.2d
235, 239 (Ohio 1995). Consequently, I am impelled to dissent.
Chester Howard West was a veteran of World War I. Prior to his death, his
distinguished military service was recognized when he was awarded the Medal of Honor, the
United States of America’s highest military honor:
The Medal of Honor is the highest award for valor in action
against an enemy force which can be bestowed upon an
individual serving in the Armed Services of the United States.
[It is] [g]enerally presented to its recipient by the President of
the United States of America in the name of Congress.
1
See http://www.cmohs.org/. Although Mr. West survived the war, he was murdered in 1935.
At the express request of his widow, Maggie VanSickle West, Mr. West’s body was laid to
rest in her family’s cemetery located in Mason County, West Virginia.
The respondent, Hershel Woodrow Williams, is also a Medal of Honor
recipient, and he is associated with the Medal of Honor Foundation. Upon learning of Mr.
West’s status as Medal of Honor recipient, he became concerned that Mr. West’s
distinguished military service was not being adequately honored because the VanSickle
family cemetery, including Mr. West’s burial monument, were not being maintained.1
Having neither a familial or legal relationship to Mr. West, Mr. Williams nonetheless filed
a petition in the circuit court seeking to exhume Mr. West’s corporeal remains for the
purpose of reinterment in The Donel C. Kinnard Memorial State Veterans Cemetery located
in Institute, West Virginia.2 Although Mr. Williams’s intent and purpose were clearly
1
The VanSickle family cemetery, once located on private property, is now within the
Chief Cornstalk Wildlilfe Refuge owned by the State of West Virginia. Representations
were made before the circuit court that the State has blocked the VanSickle family’s efforts
to access the cemetery for maintenance. I trust that such matters can be resolved so that the
family may access the cemetery for visitation, decoration, and/or maintenance purposes.
2
Dedicated on May 31, 2012, the cemetery is operated by the West Virginia
Department of Veterans Assistance. http://www.veterans.wv.gov/offices-facilities/Pages/
Donel-C.-Kinnard-Memorial-State-Veterans-Cemetery-.aspx. Following federal guidelines
and requirements for eligibility for burial, the cemetery provides “an honorable, dignified
resting place for West Virginia’s cherished veterans and their closest family members[,]” and
it will be able to “accommodate burial space for approximately 60,000 qualified individuals.”
Id.
2
honorable, the circuit court should have dismissed the petition on its face given the obvious
lack of standing to file the action.
Under West Virginia law,
[s]tanding is comprised of three elements: First, the party
attempting to establish standing must have suffered an
“injury-in-fact”—an invasion of a legally protected interest
which is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or
imminent and not conjectural or hypothetical. Second, there
must be a causal connection between the injury and the conduct
forming the basis of the lawsuit. Third, it must be likely that the
injury will be redressed through a favorable decision of the
court.
Syl. Pt. 5, Findley v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 213 W.Va. 805, 76 S.E.2d 807 (2002).
Mr. Williams clearly cannot meet the Findley test. What is his injury, i.e., what legally
protected interest has been invaded? Further, what is the causal connection between the
injury and the conduct? Other courts have been wisely circumspect in granting standing
when the disinterment of a body is sought. See, e.g., Grisso v. Nolen, 554 S.E.2d 91, 95-96
(Va. 2001) (“Dillard Nolen [former husband] was a legal stranger to Lorraine Nolen as the
result of a divorce decree. As such, and notwithstanding what evidence he might have
regarding Lorraine Nolen’s wish as to the final resting place of her body, he had no
cognizable interest in the place of her burial and, thus, no standing to seek the disinterment
of her body for reburial.”); In re Elman, 578 N.Y.S.2d 95 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1991) (finding
decedent’s sisters, his closest surviving next of kin, had standing to represent wishes of
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decedent and seek disinterment and reburial in a family plot); In re Estate of Puder, 2011 WL
112424 (N.J. Super Ct. App. Div., Jan. 14, 2011) (finding decedent’s mother had no standing
under New Jersey rule and statute to challenge decedent’s husband’s decision to disinter
decedent from crypt and bury decedent in Jewish section of cemetery in familial plot); Sacred
Heart of Jesus Polish Nat. C. Church v. Soklowski, 199 N.W. 81, 82 (Minn. 1924) (finding
cemetery owner had standing to seek to enjoin disinterment, reasoning that “in guarding the
repose of the dead there interred, and as interested in carrying out the expressed desire of its
members as to their final resting place, we think there can be no question of plaintiff’s right
to maintain an action of this sort.”).
Without regard for the clear absence of standing, and with no one to raise the
issue since Roger Lee VanSickle, who responded to the petition on behalf of the family, was
self-represented below, the circuit court proceeded to hold an evidentiary hearing on the
petition. Familial descendants of Mr. West3 testified that they did not want his remains to
be disturbed as they were buried in the VanSickle family cemetery at the express request of
his widow. Notwithstanding the family’s opposition, and lacking any statutory authority to
3
It appears that Mr. West has no consanguine descendants. The family members who
appeared to oppose Mr. West’s exhumation were related to him by marriage through his
widow, who died in 1953. See, e.g., W.Va. Code § 11-6B-2(3) (“‘Family member’ means
a person who is related by common ancestry, adoption or marriage including, but not limited
to, persons related by lineal and collateral consanguinity.”).
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grant the petition,4 the circuit court invoked its inherent power to rule in equity and ordered
the exhumation of Mr. West’s corporeal remains and reinterment in the veteran’s cemetery
in Institute so that his “memory is preserved as a recipient of the Medal of Honor.” As
discussed more fully below, there are other means through which this commendable goal may
be realized.
It is incumbent upon us all to honor the lives of our veterans who have fought
to safeguard our liberties and freedom. There is perhaps no higher cause than answering the
call to defend one’s country when peaceful resolutions fail. Recognizing the nearly
immeasurable sacrifice made by our veterans, I am moved, as are so many West Virginians,
by the hallowed grounds of our military cemeteries—not only those here at home but also
those scattered around the globe.5 As President John F. Kennedy, a highly-decorated veteran
4
There are highly limited instances under West Virginia statutory law where a body
may be disinterred, none of which are applicable in the instant matter. See, e.g., W.Va. Code
§ 37-13-1 (providing that owner of private property may bring action seeking order allowing
for disinterment of human remains on said property for reburial).
5
Thousands of our nation’s servicemen and women are laid to rest in locations
throughout the world. Just a few examples include the Aisne-Marne American Cemetery
located in Belleau, Northern France, where 2,289 members of the United States military who
died in World War I are buried; the Ardennes American Cemetery in Ardennes, Belgium,
where the graves of 5,329 members of the United States military who died in World War II
are located; the Brookwood American Cemetery in the British Isles and home to the graves
of 468 members of the United States military who died in World War I; the Cambridge
American Cemetery in Cambridge, England, which has approximately 3,812 graves of
American military persons, including airmen who died over Europe and sailors from North
Atlantic convoys; the Epinal American Cemetery located in Dinozé, France, which has
(continued...)
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himself, once remarked: “I do not believe that any nation in the history of the world has
buried its soldiers farther from its native soil than we Americans—or buried them closer to
the towns in which they grew up.” To this I can attest.
At different points in my life, I have been to many of these sacred venues both
here and abroad. As a young man, I visited the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia,
which has been aptly called a place “where valor rests.” Anyone who has witnessed the
inimitable “Changing of the Guard” ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier can
speak to the solemnity of this consecrated place. Some years later, I had the privilege of
visiting the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in France where I paid my respects
to those lost during the Battle of Normandy, many of whom were killed on D-Day. The
incredible emotion that rises up as you survey that picturesque yet tragic site remains with
you for a lifetime. From every angle and vantage point, the white crosses stand in perfect
symmetry, each representing its own noble narrative about an American warrior who made
the ultimate sacrifice for our nation. Such hallowed places serve as poignant reminders of
the truly heart-rending cost of freedom.
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(...continued)
graves of 5,255 United States’ military who died in military campaigns during World War
II; the Florence American Cemetery in Florence, Italy, which is home to 4,402 members of
the United States military who died during World War II; and the Manila American Cemetery
located in Manila, Philippines, where there are the graves of 17,206 U.S. personnel killed
during World War II. See https://abmc.gov/cemeteries-memorials#.WLRD500zWos.
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We need not travel beyond our own state to find a place of such reverence built
to accommodate for all eternity the finest among us. West Virginia has its own veterans
cemeteries and, in my humble estimation, The Donel C. Kinnard Memorial State Veterans
Cemetery is as beautiful and dignified a resting place as any veterans’ cemetery in the world.
It is indisputable that being laid to rest among fellow patriots in so honorable a place
provides our West Virginia veterans with the respect befitting their service and sacrifice.
Yet, we cannot lose sight of the fact that, both legally and equitably, the highest honor that
can be bestowed on those who have fought for our freedoms is one which protects, not
disrespects, their chosen final resting place.
Perhaps most important to this matter is the fact that there are other ways to
honor Mr. West’s distinguished military service and status as a Medal of Honor recipient
short of instituting a legal proceeding seeking to compel his exhumation. As one family
member suggested during her testimony, Mr. Williams could set a monument to honor the
veterans of Mason County and leave Mr. West’s remains undisturbed. In fact, there is a long
tradition in this country of honoring those persons who have distinguished themselves in
service to our country, but whose corporeal remains lay elsewhere.
Our nation’s Capitol is home to numerous monuments, such as the Washington
Monument, the Jefferson Memorial, and the Lincoln Memorial. Yet, President Washington
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is entombed at Mount Vernon; President Jefferson is buried at Monticello; and President
Lincoln is entombed in Springfield, Illinois. Although the physical remains of these great
men do not lay beneath their memorials in Washington, D.C., we honor and respect their
service to this country through these commemorations. Another example is the Vietnam
Memorial in Washington, D.C., on which the names of more than 58,000 Americans who
gave their lives in service to our nation during the Vietnam War are inscribed. Clearly, we
honor the service and sacrifice of each person on the Wall even though their bodily remains
were laid to rest elsewhere.6
6
In 1988, as a high school senior, I had the honor of participating in the Presidential
Classroom, a week-long educational program held in Washington, D.C. Already possessing
a deep respect for the brave and selfless service provided by this nation’s veterans, including
my father, who is an Air Force veteran, I was particularly moved by the memorials to our
veterans that I visited that week. When later interviewed by the Dominion Post concerning
my experience in our nation’s capital, I shared my observations in visiting the Vietnam
Memorial, as follows:
“Probably the most touching thing we saw was the Vietnam
Memorial,” [Loughry] said. “When you hear people talking
[about] 58,000 people [who] died in that war, you say[,] ‘That’s
a lot of people.’ But to actually see the names written on the
[wall] and see the parents, the brothers and sisters standing there
and crying, it brings it home. It makes you think.”
Kathy Plum, Tucker student spends week in D.C., Dominion Post, April 24, 1988. The
emotions experienced by me and many other students on that day more than twenty-nine
years ago were felt because of the powerful and respectful manner through which those brave
men and women were being honored, regardless of the fact that their corporeal remains were
laid to rest elsewhere.
8
In short, the exhumation of Mr. West’s earthly remains is completely
unnecessary to fulfill Mr. Williams’s admirable wish to honor Mr. West’s distinguished
military service. In fact, the circuit court’s order references the Gold Star Family Memorial
Monument established by the Medal of Honor Foundation within The Donel C. Kinnard
Memorial State Veterans Cemetery. If that particular monument cannot be employed in some
manner to honor Mr. West’s memory and status as a Medal of Honor recipient, then perhaps
another monument could be erected in the cemetery to honor not only Mr. West, but all West
Virginians who receive the Medal of Honor but who either have been or will be laid to rest
elsewhere.
Not only is the majority’s decision both legally and equitably wrong, I am
deeply concerned that a dangerous precedent has been set that threatens the sanctity of burial
in this state. Will third-parties now have an imprimatur to seek the disinterment of any
person with whom they have no relationship, either legal, familial, or otherwise, if their
purpose is sufficiently laudable? Further, will a laudable purpose alone be sufficient, or will
an ill-maintained cemetery also be required for court-ordered disinterment? Moreover, by
what standards will a circuit court determine whether the purpose for disinterment is
sufficiently commendable or whether a cemetery’s maintenance is sufficiently inadequate to
warrant disinterment?
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Lastly, and to the extent the majority’s holding extends the risk of a judicially
ordered disinterment to any deceased person in this State, I would caution lawyers engaged
in estate work to apprise their clients–veterans and non-veterans alike–that if they wish their
final resting place to be just that–final–their wish needs to be explicitly set forth in their
testamentary papers with the caveat that their corporeal remains never be moved absent
particularized circumstances. Unlike Mr. West, there may not be someone to defend a
decedent’s final resting place, but perhaps a recorded will containing specific burial
instructions would carry some weight when a legal action is instituted seeking to disinter a
person twenty, fifty or, as in the case at bar, nearly a hundred years later.
For these reasons, I respectfully dissent.
10