In re L.M. and N.D. ( 2022 )

FILED
August 31, 2022
EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
In re L.M.
No. 22-0046 (Kanawha County 20-JA-509)
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Mother T.J., by counsel Sandra K. Bullman, appeals the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County’s December 17, 2021, order terminating her parental rights to L.M. 1 The West
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Patrick Morrisey
and Mindy Parsley, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem,
Faun S. Cushman, filed a response on behalf of the child also in support of the circuit court’s order.
The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. This case satisfies the “limited circumstances” requirement of Rule 21(d) of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure and is appropriate for a memorandum decision vacating the circuit
court’s order rather than an opinion. As expressed in greater detail below, the decision of the circuit
court is vacated due to its failure to set forth sufficient findings of fact and conclusions of law on
the record or in the order terminating petitioner’s rights.
In October of 2020, the DHHR filed a child abuse and neglect petition against petitioner
based upon allegations of her substance abuse and Child Protective Services (“CPS”) history. The
court held the preliminary hearing in February of 2021, during which it ordered that petitioner
participate in services such as drug screening, supervised visitation with the children, and parenting
and adult life skills sessions. Petitioner waived the preliminary hearing.
In March of 2021, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing. The court adjudicated
petitioner as an abusing parent. Petitioner filed a motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement
period in early May of 2021.
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
1
The circuit court held a final dispositional hearing in May of 2021. The CPS worker
testified that the DHHR requested the termination of petitioner’s parental rights based on her
failure to participate in services. By order entered on December 17, 2021, the circuit court
terminated petitioner’s parental rights. The order, a form containing language tracking the
applicable statutory language and filled in by hand, contained no findings of fact in support of
disposition. However, the form indicated, via checked boxes, that the circuit court found that there
was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in
the near future and that termination was necessary for the child’s welfare. Petitioner now appeals
the dispositional order terminating her parental rights. 2
The Court has previously established the following standard of review in cases such as this:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Further, we have held that
[w]here it appears from the record that the process established by the Rules
of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings and related statutes for the
disposition of cases involving children adjudicated to be abused or neglected has
been substantially disregarded or frustrated, the resulting order of disposition will
be vacated and the case remanded for compliance with that process and entry of an
appropriate dispositional order.
Syl. Pt. 5, In re Edward B., 210 W. Va. 621, 558 S.E.2d 620 (2001).
In Edward B., we explained that “[c]lear and complete findings by the trial judge are
essential to enable [the appellate court] properly to exercise and not exceed our powers of review.”
Id. at 632, 558 S.E.2d at 631 (citation omitted). In the present case, the circuit court’s findings on
the record are limited to such an extent as to render appellate review impossible. Due to a lack of
adequate factual findings, we find it necessary to vacate and remand the circuit court’s final
dispositional order for the limited purpose of entry of an order that contains sufficient findings of
fact and conclusions of law for appellate review.
2
The father’s parental rights were terminated below. According to the respondents, the
permanency plan for the child is adoption in the foster home.
2
On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights
without first granting her an improvement period; however, because the circuit court failed to make
adequate findings of fact and conclusions of law on the record or in its order to support its decision
to terminate petitioner’s parental rights, we are unable to evaluate petitioner’s claim.
Rule 36(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect
Proceedings requires that
[a]t the conclusion of the disposition hearing, the court shall make findings of fact
and conclusions of law, in writing or on the record, as to the appropriate disposition
in accordance with the provisions of W. Va. Code § 49-4-604. The court shall enter
a disposition order, including findings of fact and conclusions of law, within ten
(10) days of the conclusion of the hearing.
West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c) sets forth the various dispositions to be imposed at the
conclusion of abuse and neglect proceedings. Relevant to petitioner’s disposition is the termination
of a parent’s rights. For that, the circuit court must find that “there was no reasonable likelihood
that the conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected in the near future” and that
termination is necessary for the welfare of the children. W. Va. Code § 49-4-604(c)(6). This Court
has held that
[w]here a trial court order terminating parental rights merely declares that
there is no reasonable likelihood that a parent can eliminate the conditions of
neglect, without explicitly stating factual findings in the order or on the record
supporting such conclusion, and fails to state statutory findings required by West
Virginia Code § [49-4-604] on the record or in the order, the order is inadequate.
In re Edward B., 210 W. Va. at 621, 558 S.E.2d at 620, Syl. Pt. 4, in part. Here, pursuant to Edward
B., the circuit court’s order is inadequate.
For the foregoing reasons, the December 17, 2021, dispositional order terminating
petitioner’s parental rights to L.M. is vacated and the matter remanded with direction to the circuit
court to enter a dispositional order containing adequate factual findings and conclusions of law. 3
This Court is not suggesting any outcome in vacating and remanding this matter. Rather, the
desired result is that another order be entered containing sufficient factual findings and conclusions
of law to form a basis for a dispositional decision, which petitioner may appeal. The circuit court
is directed to enter a new final order within the next thirty days. The Clerk is hereby directed to
issue the mandate contemporaneously herewith.
Vacated and remanded.
ISSUED: August 31, 2022
3
We note that the vacation of the December 17, 2021, dispositional order applies only to
the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental rights to L.M.
3
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice William R. Wooton
Justice C. Haley Bunn
4