Clark v. West Virginia Central & Pittsburg Railway Co. , 50 W. Va. 1 ( 1901 )

PoeeeNbaegkgR, Judge:

Howard Clark brought an action against the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company, before a justice of the peace of. Tucker County in which he recovered a judgment for fifty dollars, rendered upon the verdict-of a jury, after the overruling of a motion to set aside the verdict. Thereupon the defendant filed a sufficient appeal bond and asked the justice to allow an appeal, but it was refused by the justice on the ground that in his opinion he had no authority to allow it. After waiting ten days the defendant presented its petition to the judge of the circuit court of said county, verified by affidavit, accompanied by a transcript from the docket of the justice and copies of all papers ip the action, praying an appeal from said judgment and stating the refusal of the justice to grant the appeal as a reason for the failure to obtain it from him. The judge also refused the appeal and endorsed his refusal of it on the petition. From the action of said judge in so refusing the appeal a writ of error was allowed by this Court.

The amount involved here, exclusive of costs, is only fifty dollars, but under the sixth clause of section 1 of chapter 135 of the Code, the writ of error was properly allowed. That clause authorizes it “In anjr case involving freedom or the constitutionalitya of a law,” without regard to 'the pecuniary amount in controversy. An appeal, involving a question similar to the one presented here, was entertained in Barlow v. Daniels, 25 W. Va. 512, although the amount in controversy was only forty-seven dollars and eighty-seven cents. That the constitutionality of a certain statute must be considered here is clearly apparent. Its constitutionality is not questioned by the plaintiff in error, but the judge, from Whose decision it has come to this Court on writ of error, has held the statute unconstitutional in rendering the adverse decision. Section 165 of chapter 50 of the Code provides that “In all cases an appeal shall lie, under the regulations herein prescribed, from the judgment of a justice to the circuit court of the county, when the amount in controversy on the trial before the justice exceeds fifteen dollars, exclusive of interest and costs.” This provision was made in the acts of the legislature of 1872-3,, chapter 24, section 8, which was amended and re-enacted by chapter 8 of the Acts of 1881. In the case of Barlow v. Daniels & Co., 25 W. Va. 512, this Court held that act to be unconstitutional and void, so far it permitted appeals to be taken in cases in which trials were had by juries before justices of the peace. The s}dlabus of that case reads as follows: “The provision of section 13 of Article III of the Constitution of this State as amended in 1880, which declares, that No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined, in any case, than according to the rules of common law/ applies to cases tried by a jury of six before a justice, and prohibits the re-trial of such cases by the circuit court under the provisions .of chapter 8, Acts of 1881.”

From that time until the decision in the case of Richmond v. Henderson, 48 W. Va. 389, decided in December, 1900, such appeals could not be allowed by the inferior courts and justices of the peace because of the decision in Barlow v. Daniels & Co., and several other cases in which the samé proposition was adhered to. Following these decisions, the justice of the peace and judge of the circuit court must have based their action in refusing the appeal upon the opinion that section 163 of chapter 50, is unconstitutional to the extent to which it is held to be so in Barlow v. Daniels & Co. They could have had no other reason for refusing it. Under the decisions of this Court as-they stood at that time, they were warranted in refusing the appeal upon the ground of the unconstitutionality of that law. They could not have done otherwise. Since that time the proposition laid down in Barlow v. Daniels & Co. and other cases following it has been overruled by the decision in the case of Richmond v. Henderson, which holds that a jury of six in a justice’s court is not such a jury as is contemplated in section 13, Article. Ill of the Constitution, providing that “No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any case, than according to the rules of common law,” and that an appeal may be taken from the judgment of a justice of the peace in any case, whether tried by a jury or not, in which the amount in controversy is sufficient. It was because of the decisions of this Court that the appeal in this case was refused. But those decisions held an act of the legislature to be unconstitutional. Following those decisions, bound by those decisions, the justice of the peace and the judge of the circuit court, nevertheless, held the same act of the legislature to be unconstitutional in refusing to allow the appeal. Hence, in refusing it, they denied the constitutionality of that act and, therefore, the case as presented here, involves the question of its constitutionality.

In seeking its appeal in the justice’s court the defendant complied with all the requirements of the law. The justice refused the appeal. Its application was made Avitliin the ten days within which a justice of the peace may allow an appeal, or rather, in which an appeal may be’taken as a matter of course in a justice’s court. Section 174 of chapter 50, provides that such appeals may be granted by the circuit court or a judge thereof Tn vacation within ninety days after the date of the judgment, if the party desiring the appeal shows good cause for his not having taken such appeal within the said ten days. It would be difficult to conceive of a better reason or cause for the failure to take the appeal in the justice’s court within the ten days than a refusal of the justice to grant it, after a full compliance, within that time, with all the requirements of the law in that respect. The judge of the circuit court erred in refusing to allow the appeal.

His action in so doing must be reversed and the case remanded to the circuit court, with directions to allow the appeal, there to be further proceeded in according to law.

Reversed.