State of West Virginia v. Derrick B. ( 2020 )

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
State of West Virginia,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent FILED
April 6, 2020
vs.) No. 18-1068 (Jefferson County CC-19-2017-F-156) EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
Derrick B.,
Defendant Below, Petitioner
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Derrick B., 1 by counsel Jason M. Stedman, appeals the Circuit Court of Jefferson
County’s November 5, 2018, order sentencing him to an effective term of not less than 100 nor
more than 400 years of incarceration following his conviction of four counts of first-degree sexual
assault and four counts of sexual abuse by a parent, guardian, custodian, or person in a position of
trust. The State of West Virginia, by counsel Elizabeth Grant, filed a response. On appeal,
petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a new trial.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standards of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In September of 2017, petitioner was indicted by a Jefferson County Grand Jury on seven
counts of first-degree sexual assault and seven counts of sexual abuse by a parent, guardian,
custodian, or person in a position of trust. The indictment alleged that, over the course of a year,
petitioner committed sexual acts upon O.T. and N.G., who were approximately nine years old at
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
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the time. During the investigation into the allegations, interviews of O.T. and N.G., along with two
other children, F.G. and L.M., were conducted by the Child Advocacy Center (“CAC”). 2
During the course of discovery, the State filed a notice of intent to use evidence pursuant
to Rule 404(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Evidence. Specifically, the State sought leave from
the circuit court to present the testimony of O.T., N.G., F.G., and L.M. at trial. In August of 2018,
the circuit court held a hearing on the matter and, ultimately, determined that the State could
present the testimony of these children. Petitioner’s trial commenced on August 28, 2018. The
State presented the testimony of several witnesses, including a police officer who investigated the
allegations of sexual abuse. The officer testified that, in the course of his investigation, a CAC
interview was also performed of another child, S.L. Following testimony that day, petitioner’s
counsel asked the circuit court and the State whether there were additional CAC interviews that
had not been disclosed. The officer testified again, outside the presence of the jury, that CAC
interviews of four other children had also been conducted: J.B. and I.B., petitioner’s children, and
S.L. and A.M., children who frequented petitioner’s home. The officer stated that he did not
disclose these interviews because they contained no information implicating petitioner of abuse.
The officer also testified that he notified the State of these CAC interviews the day before
petitioner’s trial. The circuit court ordered the State to provide petitioner’s counsel with copies of
each of the CAC interviews to allow him time to review them. The circuit court also informed
petitioner’s counsel that he could call any of these four children to testify if he deemed their
testimony necessary.
At the start of the second day of trial, petitioner’s counsel advised the circuit court that he
was able to review the CAC interviews of A.M., S.L., I.B., and J.B. Unfortunately,
I was unable to locate any substantive evidence. I have spoken to witnesses last
night. I don’t have anyone I am going to be call[ing] today. I have related that
information to [petitioner] and [petitioner] understands that.
Nevertheless, the circuit court performed an analysis of the CAC interviews pursuant to Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) and State v. Youngblood, 221 W. Va. 20, 650 S.E.2d 119 (2007).
The circuit court concluded that the State’s failure to disclose the interviews prior to trial did not
violate the principles of Brady and Youngblood because the information was neither exculpatory
nor useful for impeachment; the State was unaware of the interviews; and petitioner was not
prejudiced because the interviews contained no information regarding his innocence as to the
crimes charged. At the close of the trial, the jury convicted petitioner of four counts of first-degree
sexual assault and four counts of sexual abuse by a parent, guardian, custodian, or other person in
a position of trust.
Petitioner filed a motion for a new trial, arguing that he was prejudiced by the State’s failure
to provide the CAC interviews of S.L., A.M., J.B., and I.B. On October 29, 2018, the circuit court
held a hearing on petitioner’s motion for a new trial, as well as his sentencing. Following argument,
the circuit court denied petitioner’s motion for a new trial, finding that the CAC interviews were
2
F.G. and L.M. were also alleged child victims of petitioner; they were included in a related
indictment in Berkeley County, West Virginia.
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neither material nor exculpatory. Specifically, the circuit court noted that the children’s testimony
would have been that “nothing happened to them.” The circuit court further noted that petitioner
did not request a continuance or additional time to review the interviews, despite the circuit court’s
instruction that it would subpoena any of the children petitioner wished to call as a witness. Finding
no merit in petitioner’s motion for a new trial, the circuit court sentenced petitioner to not less than
25 nor more than 100 years of incarceration for each count of first-degree sexual abuse, to be
served consecutively, and not less than 10 nor more than 20 years of incarceration for each count
of sexual abuse by a parent, guardian, custodian, or person in a position of trust, to be served
concurrently with the sentences for first-degree sexual assault. It is from the November 5, 2018,
sentencing order that petitioner appeals.
We have previously held that,
[i]n reviewing challenges to findings and rulings made by a circuit court,
we apply a two-pronged deferential standard of review. We review the rulings of
the circuit court concerning a new trial and its conclusion as to the existence of
reversible error under an abuse of discretion standard, and we review the circuit
court’s underlying factual findings under a clearly erroneous standard. Questions
of law are subject to a de novo review.
Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Vance, 207 W. Va. 640, 535 S.E.2d 484 (2000).
In his sole assignment error, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his
motion for new trial based on the State’s failure to provide the four additional CAC interviews
prior to trial. According to petitioner, he never received the name and contact information for some
of the children prior to trial, despite having requested it. He claims that if the CAC interviews had
been provided in a timely manner, he could have interviewed the children and “[a]dditional
evidence could have been discovered that might have been favorable to [him] as exculpatory or
impeachment purposes.” Petitioner also claims this information could have been useful in
identifying additional information or witnesses. Petitioner contends that these CAC interviews
were willfully or inadvertently suppressed by the State and that he was prejudiced at trial because
the nondisclosure prevented him from identifying relevant witnesses. Based on these assertions,
petitioner contends that his rights under Brady were violated.
This Court has held that “[a] claim for violation of Brady v. Maryland . . . presents mixed
questions of law and fact. Consequently, the circuit court’s factual findings should be reviewed
under a clearly erroneous standard, and questions of law are subject to a de novo review.” Syl. Pt.
7, State v. Black, 227 W. Va. 297, 708 S.E.2d 491 (2010). In order to establish a claim for a
constitutional due process violation under Brady, this Court has held that three components must
be established: “(1) the evidence at issue must be favorable to the defendant as exculpatory or
impeachment evidence; (2) the evidence must have been suppressed by the State, either willfully
or inadvertently; and (3) the evidence must have been material, i.e., it must have prejudiced the
defense at trial.” Youngblood, 221 W. Va. at 22, 650 S.E.2d at 121, syl. pt. 2, in part.
Having reviewed the record, we find no merit in petitioner’s argument. To begin, petitioner
implicitly acknowledges that the CAC interviews contained no favorable exculpatory or
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impeachment evidence. Indeed, his argument is premised on the idea that he could have obtained
contact information and that “additional evidence could have been discovered that could have been
favorable.” As such, it is clear that petitioner failed to prove the first component of Youngblood—
that the evidence at issue be favorable to the defendant as exculpatory or impeachment evidence.
Nor does the failure to disclose this evidence seem to have prejudiced petitioner at trial. As noted
by his own counsel at trial, there was no substantive evidence included in the interviews and, after
speaking to witnesses, petitioner declined to call anyone in his defense to testify to the material
contained in the interviews, despite having the circuit court’s offer to subpoena any witness he
desired. The State noted that the children were simply screened to ensure that no abuse to them
had occurred. They were asked open-ended questions, and the allegations regarding the other
children were never discussed. As the circuit court aptly noted, if petitioner had called these
children to testify at trial, they simply would have testified that “nothing happened to them.”
Accordingly, we find that petitioner fails to prove that the CAC interviews were favorable to him
as impeachment or exculpatory evidence or that the evidence was so material as to prejudice him
at trial. Therefore, petitioner is entitled to no relief in this regard.
Based on the foregoing, we find no error below and affirm petitioner’s November 5, 2018,
sentencing order.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: April 6, 2020
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison
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