State of West Virginia v. James Alan Park ( 2022 )

FILED
April 14, 2022
EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
State of West Virginia,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent
vs.) No. 21-0202 (Jackson County CC-18-2018-F-109)
James Alan Park,
Defendant Below, Petitioner
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner James Alan Park, by counsel Mark S. Plants, appeals the February 9, 2021, order
of the Circuit Court of Jackson County denying his Rule 35(b) motion for a reconsideration of
sentence. The State of West Virginia, by counsel Patrick Morrisey and Mary Beth Niday, filed a
response in support of the circuit court’s order.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In October of 2018, petitioner was indicted on two counts of second-degree sexual assault,
eight counts of third-degree sexual assault, one count of attempt to commit a felony, two counts
of soliciting a minor by use of a computer, one count of use of obscene material with the intent to
seduce a minor, and two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor. 1 In April of 2019,
1
The record provides that petitioner, who was then thirty one years old, sent unprompted
social media “friend requests” to two underage minor females. One girl was fourteen at the time
of contact and the other girl was seventeen. Although the fourteen-year-old girl was forthcoming
regarding her age, petitioner met with her on three separate occasions for sex. Petitioner also
provided this girl marijuana. The seventeen-year-old girl reported that petitioner purchased alcohol
(continued . . .)
1
pursuant to a plea agreement, petitioner pled guilty to one count of second-degree sexual assault
(count one of the indictment) 2 and one count of third-degree sexual assault (count five of the
indictment). 3 The State dismissed the remaining counts of the indictment. Then, in July of 2019,
the circuit court sentenced petitioner to indeterminate sentences of not less than ten nor more than
twenty-five years on count one and not less than one nor more than five years on count five. The
court ordered that petitioner’s sentences would run consecutively.
In October of 2019, petitioner, by counsel, filed a Rule 35(b) motion for reconsideration of
his sentence, seeking alternative sentencing (such as probation or home incarceration) in lieu of
incarceration. 4 By order entered on November 18, 2020, the circuit court denied petitioner’s
motion. In its order, the court considered petitioner’s argument that “his elderly parents will require
his assistance, that he ha[d] an ‘appropriate place to reside’ during any potential alternative
sentence, and that he has ‘only one’ prior felony conviction.” 5 The court reasoned that it
previously
gave thorough consideration to [petitioner’s] history and to the nature of his instant
offense[s] at the time of imposition of sentence. In addition to [petitioner’s] existing
felony record, however brief, [petitioner] now stands convicted of serious felonies
related to sexual misconduct against a minor female. [Petitioner] also received
significant benefit from his plea agreement with the State, which dismissed fourteen
felony counts against [petitioner].
For those reasons, the circuit court found that alternative sentencing would not be a just sentence
or in the interest of public safety. Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s February 9, 2021, order
denying his Rule 35(b) motion. 6
for her to befriend her and offered her marijuana on one occasion. When the girl came to
petitioner’s home to collect the marijuana, he forced himself on her in his bedroom, causing her
significant injury. The seventeen-year-old later cooperated with law enforcement, including
recording a conversation between herself and petitioner, during which petitioner admitted to details
that corroborated the statements of both girls.
2
See W. Va. Code § 61-8B-4.
3
See W. Va. Code § 61-8B-5.
4
Rule 35(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure provides, in relevant part,
that “a motion to reduce a sentence may be made, or the court may reduce a sentence without
motion within 120 days after the sentence is imposed.”
5
Petitioner did not include a copy of his Rule 35(b) motion in the appendix on appeal.
6
On February 9, 2021, the circuit court entered an order extending petitioner’s period to
(continued . . .)
2
This Court has set forth the following standard of review in cases such as this:
“In reviewing the findings of fact and conclusions of law of a circuit court
concerning an order on a motion made under Rule 35 of the West Virginia Rules
of Criminal Procedure, we apply a three-pronged standard of review. We review
the decision on the Rule 35 motion under an abuse of discretion standard; the
underlying facts are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of
law and interpretations of statutes and rules are subject to a de novo review.” Syl.
Pt. 1, State v. Head, 198 W.Va. 298, 480 S.E.2d 507 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Marcum, 238 W. Va. 26, 792 S.E.2d 37 (2016). A motion for reduction of
sentence under Rule 35(b) is “essentially a plea for leniency from a presumptively valid
conviction.” Head, 198 W. Va. at 306, 480 S.E.2d at 515 (Cleckley, J., concurring).
On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court abused its discretion in denying his Rule
35(b) motion for alternative sentencing because he “was eligible” for probation and “was a suitable
candidate for such alternative disposition.” Petitioner asserts, without any citation to the record,
that he lacked criminal convictions, accepted responsibility for his actions, and had a positive work
history. He argues that these factors supported a sentence for probation. Finally, petitioner argues
that the circuit court denied his request for probation without sufficient explanation, as required
by West Virginia Code § 62-12-8. 7
We have previously held that “‘[t]he decision of a trial court to deny probation will be
overturned only when, on the facts of the case, that decision constituted a palpable abuse of
discretion.’ Syl. Pt. 2, State v. Shafer, 168 W.Va. 474, 284 S.E.2d 916 (1981).” Syl. Pt. 3, State v.
Shaw, 208 W. Va. 426, 541 S.E.2d 21 (2000). Upon our review, the Court finds no abuse of
discretion in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s request for alternative sentencing. West
Virginia Code § 62-12-3 grants circuit courts discretion in ordering a defendant to serve a sentence
on probation. Further, “[p]robation is a matter of grace and not a matter of right.” Syl. Pt. 2, State
v. Hosby, 220 W. Va. 560, 648 S.E.2d 66 (2007) (citation omitted). 8 The circuit court’s order
provided that it considered petitioner’s history, as well as the nature of his convictions, when
determining its sentence. The court concluded that alternative sentencing would not be just in this
instance and was against the interest of public safety. These reasonable considerations support the
appeal its November 18, 2020, order, upon a substitution of counsel and the parties’ subsequent
difficulties in communication.
7
West Virginia Code § 62-12-8 provides, in relevant part, that “[o]rders granting or refusing
release on probation shall contain a brief statement by the court of the reasons for its action and
shall be entered of record.”
8
We have otherwise stated that “a defendant convicted of a crime has no absolute right to
probation, probation being a matter of grace only.” State v. Loy, 146 W. Va. 308, 318, 119 S.E.2d
826, 832 (1961).
3
circuit court’s final determination, and we find no error therein. Moreover, we conclude that these
findings are sufficient to satisfy the requirements of West Virginia Code § 62-12-8. See Shafer,
168 W. Va. at 477, 284 S.E.2d at 919 (affirming denial of probation upon a circuit court’s finding
that “the ends of justice would not be served by placing the defendant on probation”). Accordingly,
petitioner is entitled to no relief.
For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the circuit court’s February 9, 2021, order.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: April 14, 2022
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice John A. Hutchison
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice William R. Wooton
Justice Alan D. Moats sitting by temporary assignment
4