DocketNumber: 2170404
Citation Numbers: 267 So. 3d 873
Judges: Moore
Filed Date: 7/27/2018
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 7/29/2022
The Alabama Department of Public Health ("ADPH") appeals from a judgment entered by the Montgomery Circuit Court ("the trial court") in favor of Noland Health Services, Inc. ("Noland"), on Noland's requests for declaratory and injunctive relief against ADPH. We dismiss the appeal.
Procedural History
On November 8, 2016, Noland filed a petition against ADPH seeking a judgment declaring:
"(1) That ADPH lacks the authority to apply [certain rules] to Adult Day Care Programs, including those provided by Noland;
"(2) That ADPH lacks the authority to enforce [the aforementioned rules] against Adult Day Care Programs, including those provided by Noland;
"(3) That ADPH lacks the authority to regulate Adult Day Care Programs, and therefore lacks the authority to take licensure action for or against Adult Day Care Programs, including those provided by Noland; and
"(4) That ADPH cannot require a provider like Noland to use licensed Certificate of Need authorized beds for adult day care services."
After a trial, the trial court entered a judgment on November 30, 2017, awarding Noland declaratory and injunctive relief against ADPH. On January 10, 2018, ADPH filed its notice of appeal.
Discussion
On appeal, ADPH first argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction over Noland's petition because, it says, ADPH is immune from suit. Although ADPH raises this argument for the first time on *875appeal, " ' "[t]he assertion of State immunity challenges the subject-matter jurisdiction of the court; therefore, it may be raised at any time by the parties or by a court ex mero motu." ' " Alabama Dep't of Conservation & Natural Res. v. Kellar,
In its brief to this court, ADPH cites our supreme court's decision in Kellar, in which our supreme court explained:
" 'Article I, § 14, Alabama Const. of 1901, provides generally that the State of Alabama is immune from suit: "[T]he State of Alabama shall never be made a defendant in any court of law or equity." This constitutional provision "has been described as a 'nearly impregnable' and 'almost invincible' 'wall' that provides the State an unwaivable, absolute immunity from suit in any court." Ex parte Town of Lowndesboro,950 So.2d 1203 , 1206 (Ala. 2006). Section 14"specifically prohibits the State from being made a party defendant in any suit at law or in equity." Hutchinson v. Board of Trs. of Univ. of Alabama,288 Ala. 20 , 23,256 So.2d 281 , 283 (1971). Additionally, under § 14, State agencies are "absolutely immune from suit." Lyons v. River Road Constr., Inc.,858 So.2d 257 , 261 (Ala. 2003).'
" Alabama Dep't of Transp. v. Harbert Int'l, Inc.,990 So.2d 831 , 839 (Ala. 2008) (emphasis added). In Harbert, also a declaratory-judgment action, this Court held: '[O]nly State officers named in their official capacity -- and not State agencies -- may be defendants in such proceedings.'990 So.2d at 841 .
" In Ex parte Alabama Department of Finance,991 So.2d 1254 , 1257 (Ala. 2008), this Court noted the six general categories of actions that do not come within the prohibition of § 14, one of which is 'actions brought against State officials under the Declaratory Judgments Act, Ala. Code 1975, § 6-6-220 et seq., seeking construction of a statute and its application in a given situation,' and stated that those 'exceptions' 'apply only to actions brought against State officials; they do not apply to actions against the State or against State agencies.' (Emphasis added.)"
Similarly, in the present case, Noland's declaratory-judgment action named ADPH, a state agency, as the sole defendant. ADPH is " ' "absolutely immune from suit." ' " Kellar,
APPEAL DISMISSED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.
Thompson, P.J., and Pittman and Thomas, JJ., concur.
Donaldson, J., concurs specially.
DONALDSON, Judge, concurring specially.
*876I concur with the main opinion. The record shows that Noland Health Services, Inc. ("Noland"), operates a day-care program for adults. Noland disputed the authority of the Alabama Department of Public Health ("the Department") to apply and/or enforce certain rules of the Department that affected Noland's operation of the day-care program. Noland filed a complaint against the Department in the Montgomery Circuit Court ("the trial court") challenging the rules and seeking declaratory and injunctive relief. Noland followed exactly the procedure set out in § 41-22-10, Ala. Code 1975, which provides, in part:
"The validity or applicability of a rule may be determined in an action for a declaratory judgment or its enforcement stayed by injunctive relief in the circuit court of Montgomery County, unless otherwise specifically provided by statute, if the court finds that the rule, or its threatened application, interferes with or impairs, or threatens to interfere with or impair, the legal rights or privileges of the plaintiff. The agency shall be made a party to the action...."
(Emphasis added.)
But because the Department is a state agency, it is absolutely immune from suit under the doctrine of sovereign immunity. See Alabama Dep't of Conservation & Natural Res. v. Kellar,
I write to observe that we have held that a trial court had subject-matter jurisdiction over an action seeking declaratory and injunctive relief pursuant to § 41-22-10 when the action was brought against both a state agency and state officials in their representative capacities of the agency. See Ex parte Alabama State Bd. of Chiropractic Exam'rs,