Oberg v. Oberg

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
MICHAEL OBERG,
Petitioner/Appellee,
v.
MARGARET OBERG,
Respondent/Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CV 20-0468 FC
FILED 4-22-2021
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2019-096521
The Honorable Suzanne Scheiner Marwil, Judge
VACATED AND REMANDED
COUNSEL
The Cavanagh Law Firm, P.A., Phoenix
By Christina S. Hamilton
Counsel for Respondent/Appellant
Tiffany & Bosco P.A., Phoenix
By Amy D. Sells
Counsel for Petitioner/Appellee
OBERG v. OBERG
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Kent E. Cattani and Judge Brian Y. Furuya joined.
T H U M M A, Judge:
¶1 Margaret Oberg (Wife) appeals the superior court’s denial of
her motions to set aside a Default Decree of Dissolution (Decree) of her
marriage to Michael Oberg (Husband). Because the court did not expressly
address the fairness of the post-nuptial agreement upon which the Decree
is based, the orders denying those motions are vacated and this matter is
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 In December 2019, Husband petitioned for dissolution of the
parties’ 23-year marriage with two minor children, one of whom has since
turned 18. Husband properly served Wife with the original petition in
December 2019 and an amended petition in January 2020. Wife, however,
failed to respond to either pleading. Husband then applied for entry of
default, with supporting affidavits and attachments, in February 2020. The
default became effective 10 days later when Wife failed to respond. See Ariz.
R. Fam. L.P. (Rule) 44(a)(4)(2021).1 Husband then filed a motion and
affidavit for default decree without a hearing. The court entered the Decree,
in the form submitted by Husband, on March 13, 2020.
¶3 The substance of the Decree incorporated the terms of a post-
nuptial agreement drafted by Husband’s counsel and signed by both
parties in October 2019. That agreement, “in consideration of remaining
within the marriage,” waived any future claims by either party to spousal
maintenance and provided that the couple’s community property residence
would be awarded in its entirety to Husband should the marriage dissolve.
1Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.
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OBERG v. OBERG
Decision of the Court
¶4 On April 22, 2020, Wife moved to set aside the Decree
pursuant to Rule 85. Wife’s motion claimed the Decree and the agreement
on which it was based were unfair. Among other things, Wife argued, the
agreement to waive future spousal maintenance and provide Husband the
community residence violated Arizona law. After an evidentiary hearing,
the court denied the Rule 85 motion to set aside in a Rule 78(c) judgment.
The court then denied Wife’s subsequent Rule 83 motion. Wife appeals
from both rulings. This court has jurisdiction over Wife’s timely appeal
pursuant to Article 6, Section 9, of the Arizona Constitution and A.R.S. §§
12-120.21(A)(1) and -2101(A)(1).
DISCUSSION
¶5 A married couple may “validly divide their property
presently and prospectively by a post-nuptial agreement, even without its
being incident to a contemplated separation or divorce.” In re Harber’s
Estate, 104 Ariz. 79, 88 (1969). To be enforceable, a post-nuptial agreement
must be a valid contract “free from any taint of fraud, coercion or undue
influence;” the contracting parties must have “acted with full knowledge of
the property involved and [their] rights therein” and the division must have
been “fair and equitable.” Id.¶6 The superior court is “duty-bound” to distribute the parties’
property in a “fair, just and equitable” manner. Wick v. Wick, 107 Ariz. 382,
385 (1971). The existence of a post-nuptial agreement does not “foreclose[]”
the court “from the performance of this duty.” Id. Instead, the court must,
in every case, independently determine that an agreement is not “unfair”
before incorporating it into a decree of dissolution. Harber’s Estate, 104 Ariz.
at 87. This is particularly true where, as here, the best interests of a minor
are involved. Cf. Hays v. Gama, 205 Ariz. 99, 102 (2003) (“the child’s best
interest is paramount in custody determinations.”).
¶7 Although a post-nuptial agreement is reviewed for its validity
under traditional contract law, it is not a traditional contract. Unlike a
typical arm’s-length commercial transaction, a separation agreement shall
not be enforced if it is unfair. “To hold otherwise would, in effect, allow
parties to a divorce action to completely defeat the [statutory] authority
expressly conferred upon the trial court.” Wick, 107 Ariz. at 385.
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OBERG v. OBERG
Decision of the Court
¶8 Here, the superior court determined that the parties’ post-
nuptial agreement was “voluntary and without coercion or duress.” The
court then incorporated the terms of the agreement into the Decree, while
recognizing “it is different than what the law would have required absent
an agreement of the parties.” But the circumstances required the court to
determine whether the agreement was “fair and equitable.” Harber’s Estate,
104 Ariz. at 87. Although the agreement need not comply with the property
distribution and spousal maintenance provisions of A.R.S. §§ 25-318 and -
319, Husband concedes the post-nuptial agreement is governed “by case
law, such as” Harber’s Estate, Austin v. Austin, 237 Ariz. 201 (App. 2015) and
Hutki v. Hutki, 244 Ariz. 39 (App. 2018).2 Those cases require the court to
determine that the post-nuptial agreement was both fair and equitable.
¶9 Here, the record does not reflect that the superior court made
this required determination, a prerequisite for the post-nuptial agreement
to be incorporated into the Decree. Accordingly, the Decree cannot stand.
CONCLUSION
¶10 The Decree is vacated, and this matter remanded for the
superior court to make the requisite determinations. Upon the conclusion
of those proceedings, the court will enter a new Decree. Wife’s request for
attorneys’ fees and costs on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324(A) is
granted, contingent upon her compliance with ARCAP 21.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
2Although Husband argues Hutki found that a procedural rule superseded
Harber’s Estate, he has not shown how Hutki could negate Harber’s Estate’s
requirement that the superior court determine whether the post-nuptial
agreement is “fair and equitable” before incorporating it into the Decree.
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