Armida E. v. Dcs, B.E.

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
ARMIDA E., Appellant,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, B.E., Appellees.
No. 1 CA-JV 16-0034
FILED 7-14-2016
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. JD15511
The Honorable Sally S. Duncan, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
John L. Popilek, P.C., Scottsdale
By John L. Popilek
Counsel for Appellant
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Cathleen E. Fuller
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Presiding Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop delivered the decision of the Court,
in which Judge Patricia K. Norris and Judge Kenton D. Jones joined.
W I N T H R O P, Presiding Judge:
¶1 Armida E. (“Mother”) appeals the juvenile court’s order
severing her parental rights to her daughter B.E., contending the juvenile
court erred in finding the Department of Child Safety (“DCS”)1 had proven
the severance was in B.E.’s best interest, and in denying her request to
appoint additional counsel for B.E. For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 In 2014, B.E. and three of her siblings came into the care of
DCS after repeated reports of Mother’s neglect and abuse. Approximately
three months later, the children were found dependent as to Mother.2
¶3 DCS offered Mother an array of services and assistance
geared toward reunification. Mother failed to meaningfully participate in
the services. She sporadically showed up for drug testing and often tested
positive for alcohol. Her substance abuse and mental health services were
discontinued due to lack of participation and inappropriate behaviors in
group sessions. Mother’s visitation services were also closed due to
minimal participation and lack of contact. After a psychological evaluation,
Dr. DeSoto, a psychologist for DCS, opined Mother was incapable of
1 At the outset of these proceedings, the children were taken into care
by Child Protective Services (“CPS”), formerly a division of the Arizona
Department of Economic Security (“ADES”). In May 2014, however, CPS
was removed as an entity within ADES and replaced by DCS, an entity
outside of ADES. See 2014 Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 1, §§ 6, 20, 54 (2d Spec.
Sess.). Accordingly, DCS was substituted for ADES in this matter, see
ARCAP 27, and references to DCS in this decision encompass both ADES
and CPS.
2 B.E.’s father and siblings are not parties to this appeal.
2
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
exercising proper and effective parental control and would unlikely be able
to remedy the situation in the near future.
¶4 In September 2015, B.E.’s guardian ad litem, attorney Sara J.
Smith, moved to sever Mother’s parental rights to B.E. based on nine-month
out-of-home placement under Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) section
8-533(B)(8)(a), and fifteen-month out-of-home placement under A.R.S. § 8-
533(B)(8)(c).3 At the severance hearing, Mother’s attorney informed the
court that, during a recess, Mother’s son R.E. told Mother “[B.E.] told me
[severance and adoption is] not what she wants,” and asked the court to
appoint an attorney for B.E. The court ultimately denied the request,
finding such appointment was not required by law, and continued with the
hearing. At the end of the hearing, the court found DCS had met its burden
of proving the statutory grounds by clear and convincing evidence and that
severance was in B.E.’s best interest, and ordered the severance.
¶5 Mother timely appealed.4 We have appellate jurisdiction
pursuant to the Arizona Constitution, Article 6, Section 9; A.R.S. § 8-235(A);
and Rule 103(A) of the Arizona Rules of Procedure for the Juvenile Court.
ANALYSIS
¶6 We review the juvenile court’s order severing a parent’s rights
for an abuse of discretion. Frank R. v. Mother Goose Adoptions, 239 Ariz. 184,
190, ¶ 21, 367 P.3d 88, 94 (App. 2016). Parents’ rights in the care, custody,
and management of their children are fundamental, but not absolute. Kent
K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 284, ¶ 24, 110 P.3d 1013, 1018 (2005). A court
may sever those rights if it finds clear and convincing evidence of one of the
statutory grounds for severance, and finds by a preponderance of the
evidence that severance is in the best interests of the children. A.R.S. §§ 8-
533(B), -537(B); Kent K., 210 Ariz. at 281-82, 288, ¶¶ 7, 41, 110 P.3d at 1015-
3 Absent material changes after the relevant date, we cite a statute’s
current version. The guardian ad litem alleged another ground for
severance based on Mother’s substance abuse and mental illness, but
withdrew it before the severance hearing.
4 Mother filed her notice of appeal after the court announced its
severance order but before it filed the signed order. Such an appeal is
treated as filed on the date of, and after, the entry of the severance order
and, accordingly, is not premature. See ARCAP 9(c) (treating a notice of
appeal filed after the announcement, but before the entry, of a judgment as
filed on the date of, and after, the entry of the judgment).
3
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
16, 1022. Mother does not contest the juvenile court’s findings on statutory
grounds and, accordingly, has waived any argument in that regard on
appeal. See Childress Buick Co. v. O’Connell, 198 Ariz. 454, 459, ¶ 29, 11 P.3d
413, 418 (App. 2000) (stating this court deems issues not clearly raised in
appellate briefs waived). On appeal, we affirm the juvenile court’s factual
findings if supported by reasonable evidence. Denise R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of
Econ. Sec., 221 Ariz. 92, 93-94, ¶ 4, 210 P.3d 1263, 1264-65 (App. 2009); Jesus
M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 282, ¶ 12, 53 P.3d 203, 207 (App.
2002).
I. Best Interest
¶7 Mother argues the juvenile court erred in finding DCS had
proven severing her parental rights to B.E. was in B.E.’s best interest. In
proving best interest, DCS must show that severance either affirmatively
benefits the child because the child is adoptable or more stable in an existing
placement, or eliminates a detriment to the child if the relationship between
the parent and the child were allowed to continue. Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action
No. JS-500274, 167 Ariz. 1, 6-7, 804 P.2d 730, 735-36 (1990); Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec. v. Oscar O., 209 Ariz. 332, 334, ¶ 6, 100 P.3d 943, 945 (App. 2004).
¶8 Reasonable evidence in the record supports the juvenile
court’s finding that severance was in B.E.’s best interest. Her academic
performance at school has improved, and she is doing well at her grade
level; she is now receiving regular medical and dental care, and is current
with her immunizations; and, by all accounts, B.E. has been happier and
has achieved stability in her current placement.5 Further, B.E. is adoptable.
Severance would make her eligible for adoption and allow DCS to locate an
adoptive placement, and thus permanency could be provided. In contrast,
continuation of the parental relationship would be detrimental to B.E. as
she would remain at significant risk for abuse and neglect, lack
permanency, and continue to have attachment issues. All the evidence
demonstrates both affirmative benefits from severance and the elimination
of potential detriments in continuation of the parental relationship. See JS-
500274, 167 Ariz. at 6, 804 P.2d at 735 (recognizing that the existence of an
5 The evidence at the severance hearing indicated B.E.’s two older
siblings, who resided at the same group home placement, bullied her and
interfered with the parenting of B.E. at the placement. The juvenile court
ordered DCS transfer B.E. to a different placement that would provide
stability and continuity in her current school and eliminate sibling
interference.
4
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
adoptive plan or being freed from an abusive parent shows a benefit
resulting from severance).
¶9 Mother contends severing her relationship with B.E. would
not be in B.E.’s best interest because Mother and B.E. had a loving
relationship. Although B.E. has affection for Mother, evidence in the record
demonstrates Mother has not reciprocated the affection. For example,
Mother was repeatedly reported as neglecting and abusing the children and
told the children, “come find me when you turn 18,” upon their removal by
DCS. Moreover, the existence and effect of a bonded relationship between
a biological parent and a child, although a factor to consider, is not
dispositive in addressing best interests. Bennigno R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec., 233 Ariz. 345, 351, ¶ 30, 312 P.3d 861, 867 (App. 2013). Even in the face
of such a bond, the juvenile court is required to evaluate the totality of
circumstances and determine whether severance is in the best interests of
the children. Id. at 351-52, ¶ 31, 312 P.3d at 867-68.
¶10 Mother further contests the best interest finding on the basis
that, at the time of the hearing, DCS did not have an adoptive plan for B.E.,
and that B.E. indicated she wanted a home and did not exclude having a
home with Mother. Mother, however, does not deny B.E. is adoptable, and
it is well established that adoptable status is enough of an objective benefit
to legally support the “best interest” prong of the severance statute. See
Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No. JS-501904, 180 Ariz. 348, 352, 884 P.2d 234, 238
(App. 1994) (stating the government need not show an adoption plan
existed, but instead must show the child is adoptable). Moreover, even
without an adoptive placement waiting, the evidence in the record
demonstrates B.E. has improved and achieved stability in the current
placement, which also supports the juvenile court’s best-interest finding.
See Audra T. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 194 Ariz. 376, 377, ¶ 5, 982 P.2d 1290,
1291 (App. 1998) (stating one factor favoring severance is whether the
current placement is meeting the needs of the child).
¶11 In addition, Mother did not contest any of the statutory
grounds for severance. The presence of conceded statutory grounds for
severance may also negatively affect the child and support the best interest
analysis and finding. Bennigno R., 233 Ariz. at 350, ¶ 23, 312 P.3d at 866. All
of the above factors demonstrate the benefits of severance or the detriment
of a continued parental relationship, and more than adequately support the
conclusion that reasonable evidence supports the juvenile court’s finding of
best interest. Accordingly, the juvenile court properly found DCS had
proven severance was in B.E.’s best interest.
5
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
II. Appointment of Counsel
¶12 Mother also argues the juvenile court erred in denying her
request to appoint additional counsel for B.E. during the severance hearing.
As an interested party, Mother may request appointment of counsel for B.E.
See Yavapai Cty. Juv. Action No. J-8545, 140 Ariz. 10, 16, 680 P.2d 146, 152
(1984) (allowing interested parties to request counsel for a child); cf. Pima
Cty. Juv. Severance Action No. S-113432, 178 Ariz. 288, 291, 872 P.2d 1240,
1243 (App. 1993) (stating a parent does not have standing to assert the
conflicts of interest among his children because a party may not interfere
with the attorney-client relationship of his opponent). In J-8545, the
juvenile court found two children were dependent as to their father, and
granted temporary custody to the maternal grandmother and visitation
rights to the paternal aunt and uncle. J-8545, 140 Ariz. at 12, 680 P.2d at 148.
At the placement hearing for the children, all interested parties, except the
children, were represented by counsel. Id. The father and the paternal aunt
and uncle moved to appoint counsel for the children, arguing the
prospective custodians’ counsel represented their own clients’ best
interests, rather than the children’s best interests. Id. The court denied the
request. Id. Our supreme court held the juvenile court “shall appoint
independent counsel, upon request of an interested party or sua sponte,
where such counsel would contribute to promoting the child’s best interest
by serving an identifiable purpose such as advocating the child’s position
in the dispute or ensuring that the record be as complete and accurate as
possible, or it shall state why such appointment is unnecessary.” Id. at 16,
680 P.2d at 152.
¶13 Mother contends that, under J-8545, the juvenile court should
have appointed counsel for B.E. or otherwise stated a reason why it found
counsel unnecessary. J-8545 is, however, distinguishable from the present
case. The children in J-8545 were not represented by counsel or an
appointed guardian ad litem, and their interest was simply not represented.
Id. at 12, 16, 680 P.2d at 148, 152. Here, B.E. was appointed an attorney as
guardian ad litem. That lawyer was present, and represented and advanced
B.E.’s best interest throughout the case and during the severance hearing.
¶14 This distinction is important for two reasons. First, the
statutory responsibilities for an attorney and a guardian ad litem are nearly
identical under Arizona Rules of Procedures for the Juvenile Court. See
Ariz. R.P. Juv. Ct. 40 (describing the responsibilities for counsel and a
guardian ad litem using the collective noun of “attorneys and guardians ad
litem”). Second, the holding in J-8545 on appointing counsel for a child in
dependency or severance proceedings is to “ensure[] that independent
6
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
counsel will be appointed where there are conflicts of interest such that
[the] child’s best interests are not fully explored, advocated, or included in
the record.” J-8545, 140 Ariz. at 16, 680 P.2d at 152. In the present case, the
guardian ad litem filed the severance petition on behalf of B.E., and
continued to represent B.E. throughout all of the relevant proceedings. As
B.E.’s appointed representative, Ms. Smith, objected on behalf of B.E. to
Mother’s request for appointment of additional counsel, and also objected
to Mother’s related motion to continue the severance hearing. Ms. Smith
did not indicate there was any potential conflict of interest that would affect
her representation as to B.E.’s best interest nor did she provide the court
with any information that would warrant the need for additional or
separate counsel. Neither Mother or B.E.’s sibling testified about the
purported conversation with B.E. There was no offer of proof, only a bald
statement by Mother’s counsel, and the court was well within its discretion
in concluding that, absent more, this vague, multi-layered hearsay
statement was insufficient to trigger any obligation to appoint additional
counsel for B.E.
¶15 At times when a child’s expressed wishes conflict with the
child’s best interest, appointment of an individual to serve as counsel or
another as a guardian ad litem may be appropriate. 5 Ariz. Prac. Juv. Law
& Prac. § 3:4 (West 2015). Mother’s counsel, however, failed to proffer any
evidence showing such conflict, except the multi-layered hearsay by R.E.
And, as previously noted, neither R.E. nor Mother provided any testimony
on this issue. Finally, there was nothing presented to the juvenile court to
suggest Ms. Smith was not adequately representing B.E.’s interest.
¶16 The record in this matter, as developed by DCS and by B.E.’s
guardian ad litem, provides more than sufficient documentation concerning
B.E.’s stated desire for a permanent home, with or without Mother or her
siblings, and as to how severance of the parental relationship would be
consistent with and advance B.E.’s best interest. Accordingly, the juvenile
court did not err in denying Mother’s request of additional counsel for B.E.
7
ARMIDA E. v. DCS, B.E.
Decision of the Court
CONCLUSION
¶17 The juvenile court’s order severing Mother’s parental rights is
affirmed.
:AA
8