Andrew G. v. Peasley-Fimbres

FILED BY CLERK
AUG -9 2007
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS COURT OF APPEALS
STATE OF ARIZONA DIVISION TWO
DIVISION TWO
ANDREW G., a minor under 18 years of ) 2 CA-SA 2007-0054
age, ) DEPARTMENT A
)
Petitioner, ) OPINION
)
v. )
)
HON. ELIZABETH PEASLEY- )
FIMBRES, Judge Pro Tempore of the )
Superior Court of the State of Arizona, in )
and for the County of Pima, )
)
Respondent, )
)
and )
)
THE STATE OF ARIZONA ex rel. )
BARBARA LaWALL, Pima County )
Attorney, )
)
Real Party in Interest. )
)
SPECIAL ACTION PROCEEDING
Pima County Cause No. 15494602
JURISDICTION ACCEPTED; RELIEF GRANTED
Robert J. Hooker, Pima County Public Defender
By Rachel Wilson Tucson
Attorneys for Petitioner
Barbara LaWall, Pima County Attorney
By Kara Crosby Tucson
Attorneys for Real Party in Interest
P E L A N D E R, Chief Judge.
¶1 On September 5, 2006, the juvenile court placed petitioner Andrew G., an
adjudicated delinquent minor, on probation for six months. On March 2, 2007, three days
before Andrew’s term of probation was to expire, the state filed a delinquency petition
alleging Andrew had committed an assault in January. The state did not file a petition to
revoke Andrew’s probation. However, Andrew asserts in his petition for special action that
“his probation officer instructed him that he was still on probation and was to abide by [its]
conditions.” In May, at a hearing on Andrew’s “Motion to Determine Probation,” the
juvenile court ruled “the minor continues to be on probation under original charges for
which he was placed [o]n probation on 09-05-0[6].” In this special action, Andrew seeks
relief from that order, asserting the juvenile court acted in excess of its legal authority by
extending his probation based solely on the filing of a new delinquency petition. We accept
jurisdiction and grant relief.
Jurisdiction
¶2 The issue presented here is whether the filing of a subsequent delinquency
petition extends a delinquent juvenile’s probationary period beyond the date it would
otherwise expire. As both Andrew and the state acknowledge, that issue is likely moot as
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to Andrew because he had been adjudicated delinquent on the March petition and a
disposition hearing was imminent when this special action was filed. But, we agree with
Andrew that the issue presented is one of substantial and statewide importance that is likely
to recur but evade review. See Otel H. v. Barton, 208 Ariz. 312, ¶ 4, 93 P.3d 513, 513
(App. 2003).
¶3 An order modifying the terms of juvenile probation is an appealable order. See
A.R.S. § 8-235(A) (any aggrieved party may appeal final order of juvenile court); In re
Stephanie N., 210 Ariz. 317, ¶ 1, 110 P.3d 1280, 1280 (App. 2005). In these
circumstances, however, an appeal does not afford Andrew or any similarly situated juvenile
an equally plain, speedy, or adequate means of review because the issue will most likely be
rendered moot before an appeal is completed. This is so because in the case of an
undetained juvenile, within ninety days of the filing of a subsequent delinquency petition
that purports to extend a juvenile’s period of probation, either the petition will be dismissed,
or the juvenile will be adjudicated delinquent and be subject to orders of the juvenile court
under the supervision of a probation officer pending a disposition hearing. See Ariz. R. P.
Juv. Ct. 28(B)(2), 29(B)(2), 29(F), 17B A.R.S.
¶4 In this case, it was only Andrew’s motion to determine probation that
generated any order at all, despite the fact that the newly filed delinquency petition had
apparently been used to effectively extend the period of his probation for two months. Had
Andrew not filed a motion, it is conceivable that no order, and therefore no appealable
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order, modifying the period of his probation beyond the six months initially imposed would
have been entered. But he would have remained on an extended period of probation for at
least two months before the court had adjudicated him delinquent on the March delinquency
petition.
¶5 Finally, special action jurisdiction is appropriate when, as here, the question
presented involves a “pure issue of law, requiring neither factual review nor interpretation.”
See Orme Sch. v. Reeves, 166 Ariz. 301, 303, 802 P.2d 1000, 1002 (1990). For these
reasons, we accept jurisdiction.
Discussion
¶6 Andrew argues the respondent judge’s order violated Arizona’s statutory
scheme and constitutional principles. In contrast, the state contends “the filing of [a]
delinquency petition allows the court to extend the original term of [a juvenile]’s probation”
as if a petition to revoke probation had been filed, claiming, specifically, that “there should
be no distinction” between the two. However, the authorities the state relies on do not
support these assertions.
¶7 The juvenile court retains jurisdiction over a delinquent juvenile “until the
child becomes eighteen years of age, unless terminated by order of the court before the
child’s eighteenth birthday.” A.R.S. § 8-202(G); see also Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 15 (state
courts’ jurisdiction over matters affecting juveniles is as provided by legislature or people
by initiative or referendum). Accordingly, Andrew correctly concedes that the juvenile court
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had jurisdiction over him to adjudicate the delinquency petition that had been filed in
March, but he asserts the procedural mechanism by which the state purported to have
invoked the court’s authority to modify the terms of his probation was inadequate. See
Stephanie N., 210 Ariz. 317, ¶ 11, 110 P.3d at 1282 (“[T]he authority of a [juvenile] court
regarding probation is statutorily created and must be exercised within the terms of the
applicable statutes.”).
¶8 First, § 8-202(G) limits the extent of a court’s jurisdiction of a juvenile to
“implement[] the orders made and filed in [a] proceeding” to the earlier of either the
juvenile’s eighteenth birthday or the termination of jurisdiction “by order of the court.” An
order placing a juvenile on probation for six months effectively is an order that terminates
the court’s jurisdiction six months later, absent a valid modification of the order or the
revocation of probation pursuant to applicable procedural rules. See Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct. 31,
32, 17B A.R.S. As a result, the juvenile court’s jurisdiction over Andrew would have
terminated six months after he had been placed on probation, absent the occurrence of an
event invoking the court’s authority to modify the terms of probation.
¶9 The filing of a petition to revoke probation before Andrew’s probation had
expired would have been such an event, even if the court had been unable to hear the matter
before the six-month period had passed. See Stephanie N., 210 Ariz. 317, ¶ 20, 110 P.3d
at 1283. And, if Andrew had been adjudicated delinquent before his probationary term
ended for the subsequent offense with which he was charged in the March delinquency
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petition, the juvenile court could have granted a petition to revoke probation without a
hearing. See Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct. 32(E)(6). However, neither of these events occurred. The
state did not file a petition to revoke probation, and Andrew was not adjudicated delinquent
until two months after his probationary period was to have expired.
¶10 The state suggests that A.R.S. § 8-341(B) nevertheless authorized the
extension of Andrew’s probation beyond the six months imposed even without the filing of
a petition to revoke or a hearing. That statute provides, in relevant part, that a juvenile’s
“period of probation may continue until the juvenile’s eighteenth birthday, except that the
term of probation shall not exceed one year if all of [several enumerated criteria] apply.”
The first of those criteria is that “[t]he juvenile is not charged with a subsequent offense.”
As the state points out, Andrew was charged with a subsequent offense. But § 8-341(B)’s
criteria are not, as the state suggests, a list of triggering events that automatically extend a
juvenile’s period of probation. Instead, the statute limits the juvenile court’s authority to
place a minor on probation for more than one year absent circumstances that justify doing
so. Accordingly, § 8-341(B) did not authorize the juvenile court to enter the order
challenged here because the probationary period the court sought to modify by extending
its duration had already expired and the issue of modification had not been timely placed
before it through any procedural mechanism.
¶11 We are not dissuaded from this conclusion by the state’s reliance on Rule
32(E)(6), Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct. That rule provides:
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If the court which placed the juvenile on probation
determines that the juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent or
incorrigible for an act or acts committed subsequent to being
placed on probation, the juvenile shall be found to be in
violation of the terms of probation granted by the court. No
violation hearing is required and the court may proceed directly
to disposition or set a disposition hearing pursuant to Rule 30.
Nothing in this rule expressly excuses the filing of a petition to revoke probation if the state
intends to seek its revocation. Nor does the rule suggest that conditions of probation may
be modified absent a court order. Instead, the rule directs the juvenile court to regard
properly adjudicated, subsequent delinquent acts as probation violations and dispenses only
with the requirement of a separate hearing to determine whether the minor has, in fact,
violated the terms of probation. We are not faced with whether the court may enter such a
finding absent the filing of a petition to revoke probation when a subsequent adjudication
for delinquency occurs during a juvenile’s probationary period, and we therefore do not
decide that issue. Instead, we are asked whether the mere filing of a delinquency petition
automatically modifies an existing period of probation by tolling its expiration beyond the
date that it would otherwise expire. Rule 32(E)(6) does not answer that question.
¶12 Moreover, the state has not disputed Andrew’s avowal that his only notice that
his probationary period had been lengthened came in the form of his juvenile probation
officer’s simply telling him so. Assuming the accuracy of this undisputed factual assertion,
we note that the juvenile probation officer thus exceeded the limited authority to impose,
clarify, or modify only “regulations which are consistent with and necessary to the
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implementation of the conditions [of probation] imposed by the court.” Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct.
31(A) and (C). In essence, the probation officer assumed judicial authority to determine the
length of a probationary period or to determine and modify the conditions of probation. See
§ 8-341(A)(1)(a) and (b) (authorizing juvenile court to award delinquent minor to care of
juvenile’s parents subject to supervision of probation department or to probation department
subject to conditions imposed by court); § 8-341(B) (placing limitations on length of
probationary period under enumerated circumstances); Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct. 31(C) (requiring
juvenile, probation officer, and state to “ask the court to modify . . . any condition or
regulation”); In re Marie G., 189 Ariz. 632, 633-34, 944 P.2d 1246, 1247-48 (App. 1997),
discussing In re Navajo County Juvenile Action No. 92-J-040, 180 Ariz. 562, 885 P.2d
1127 (App. 1994) (juvenile court may not delegate authority to modify conditions of
probation).
¶13 We disagree with the state that concluding a juvenile “is not subject to his
probation conditions during the time that [a] new delinquency petition is being dealt with,”
but after the existing probationary period has expired, is “absurd.” In a portion of Stephanie
N. relied upon by the state, this court cited A.R.S. §§ 8-202(G) and 8-246(A) in support of
its holding that “because the petition [to revoke probation] was filed before the completion
of her probation, the juvenile court retained jurisdiction to enforce its prior order imposing
on Stephanie specific conditions of probation.” 210 Ariz. 317, ¶ 18, 110 P.3d at 1283. The
cited jurisdictional statutes supported the conclusion reached in that case because the
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petition filed prior to the expiration of Stephanie’s probationary period pertained to her
probation, thus placing the issue of her probation before the court for its determination and
invoking its authority to enter or modify orders of probation. In other words, the filing of
the petition to revoke before the probation period’s expiration caused the court to retain
jurisdiction “for the purposes of implementing the orders made and filed in that [probation]
proceeding.” § 8-202(G). And the filing of a petition to revoke probation while the juvenile
was still on probation prevented the court’s jurisdiction over her from being “discharged
pursuant to law” before her eighteenth birthday. § 8-246(A).
¶14 Here, in contrast, the state filed no petition to revoke probation. And,
although the filing of a new delinquency petition caused Andrew to remain under the court’s
continuing jurisdiction over him, that petition cannot be construed as an event tolling the
expiration of the probation period. Rather, it pertained only to a newly alleged act of
delinquency before the court.1
¶15 Andrew also challenges the extension of his probationary period on
constitutional grounds, alleging a violation of a due process right to be free of pretrial
restraints on his liberty. We need not address this argument, as we have found on the face
of the applicable statutes and rules that the juvenile court proceeded in excess of its legal
authority in determining on May 4, in the absence of a petition to revoke probation or other
1
Pending an adjudication hearing, the juvenile court could issue any conditions of
release necessary for the protection of the juvenile or the public under Rule 28(C)(8), Ariz.
R. P. Juv. Ct., 17B A.R.S.
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formal request for modification of its terms filed before Andrew’s probation had terminated,
that his probation had been extended beyond its March 5 expiration date. See Ariz. R. P.
Spec. Actions 3(b), 17B A.R.S.; see also State v. Yslas, 139 Ariz. 60, 63, 676 P.2d 1118,
1121 (1984) (constitutional issues not addressed unless necessary to determine merits).
Accordingly, we vacate that portion of the juvenile court’s May 4 order stating Andrew
continued to be on probation.
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JOHN PELANDER, Chief Judge
CONCURRING:
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JOSEPH W. HOWARD, Presiding Judge
____________________________________
GARYE L. VÁSQUEZ, Judge
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