State v. Perkins

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,
v.
WILFRED DALVIN PERKINS, Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CR 15-0006
FILED 3-31-2016
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CR2011-142198-002
The Honorable Jeanne M. Garcia, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Joseph T. Maziarz
Counsel for Appellee
Michael J. Dew, Phoenix
Counsel for Appellant
Wilfred Dalvin Perkins, Tucson
Appellant
STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Presiding Judge Randall M. Howe delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop and Judge Jon W. Thompson joined.
H O W E, Judge:
¶1 This appeal is filed in accordance with Anders v. California, 386
U.S. 738 (1967), and State v. Leon, 104 Ariz. 297, 451 P.2d 878 (1969). Counsel
for Wilfrid Dalvin Perkins asks this Court to search the record for
fundamental error. Perkins has filed a supplemental brief in propria
persona, which the court has considered. After reviewing the record, we
affirm Perkins’ conviction and sentence.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 We view the facts in the light most favorable to sustaining the
trial court’s judgment and resolve all reasonable inferences against Perkins.
State v. Fontes, 195 Ariz. 229, 230 ¶ 2, 986 P.2d 897, 898 (App. 1998).
¶3 One summer evening in August 2011, two police officers were
seated in their marked patrol car, which was parked on a corner of a street
intersection, watching cars drive by. They soon heard loud music coming
from the distance. The car from which the music was emitting drove past
the officers. One officer saw the driver drink from a beer can. The officers
started following the car, but before they turned on their overhead lights,
the car turned onto a street and stopped. The officers parked behind the car
and turned on their overhead lights.
¶4 One officer approached the driver’s side and saw Perkins in
the back passenger seat with an open 12-pack case of beer; several cans of
beer were opened. The officers called for backup, and the police
subsequently asked everyone to step out of the car individually. When
Perkins was asked to step out, once he stood up, his shirt unfolded and two
bags containing a “crystalline substance” fell to the ground. An officer
immediately placed Perkins in handcuffs.
¶5 In the area where Perkins was sitting, the police found a glass
pipe, small Ziploc bags, and a large Ziploc bag; some bags contained the
“crystalline substance.” The police also found Perkins’ wallet, which had
inside a small Ziploc bag containing the “crystalline substance.” An officer
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STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
searched Perkins and found two syringes in his pant pocket. A subsequent
lab analysis of the total amount of the “crystalline substance” confiscated
showed that it was 330 milligrams of methamphetamine.
¶6 After Perkins was read his Miranda1 rights and he stated that
he understood them, an officer asked Perkins what fell from his lap and
Perkins responded with “the drugs weren’t mine.” When asked whether he
was doing anything illegal in the car, Perkins responded that he was
drinking beer and that it was “not that big of a deal.” The officer ceased
questioning. Perkins was arrested and charged with possession of a
dangerous drug for sale (the “2011 case”).
¶7 Perkins moved to have his court-appointed attorney
withdraw as his counsel of record and to represent himself. After a hearing,
the trial court concluded that Perkins knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily waived his rights to counsel under Arizona Rule of Criminal
Procedure 6.1(c). The court appointed advisory counsel to assist Perkins.
Pursuant to Rule 6.1(c), Perkins signed a waiver of counsel.
¶8 The State alleged that Perkins had three prior felony
convictions and requested an Arizona Rule of Evidence 609 hearing
regarding impeachment of Perkins’ testimony with his prior convictions.
At trial, the arresting officers made in-court identifications of Perkins. After
the State rested its case-in-chief, Perkins moved for judgment of acquittal
pursuant to Arizona Rule of Criminal Procedure 20, arguing that
substantial evidence did not exist to go to the jury. Finding otherwise, the
court denied the motion. After the defense rested, the court read to the jury
the parties’ stipulation regarding Perkins’ prior felony conviction, which
provided: “The State and Mr. Perkins stipulate or agree that Mr. Perkins
has previously been convicted of a felony offense.” The jury found Perkins
guilty of the lesser-included offense of possession of a dangerous drug.
¶9 Perkins subsequently entered into a plea agreement in a
companion case (the “2012 case”), based on an event that predated the 2011
case, agreeing that the two separate offenses would run concurrently. In the
plea agreement, Perkins avowed to two historical felony convictions. The
trial court took judicial notice that the admission in the 2012 case would
apply to the 2011 case as well.
¶10 The trial court conducted the sentencing hearing in
compliance with Perkins’ constitutional rights and Arizona Rule of
1 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
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STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
Criminal Procedure 26. The court found that Perkins’ prior felony
convictions were an aggravating factor, but also found five mitigating
factors. The court sentenced Perkins to 6 years’ imprisonment, with 794
days of presentence incarceration credit. The court imposed the necessary
fines and assessments, but waived the surcharges. After the trial court
granted a delayed notice of appeal, Perkins timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
¶11 We review Perkins’ conviction and sentence for fundamental
error. See State v. Flores, 227 Ariz. 509, 512 ¶ 12, 260 P.3d 309, 312 (App.
2011). Counsel for Perkins has advised this Court that after a diligent search
of the entire record, he has found no arguable question of law. However, in
his supplemental brief, Perkins argues that (1) the trial court denied his
right to be present at all critical stages; (2) he had ineffective assistance of
counsel; (3) he was deprived a fair trial because of prosecutorial
misconduct; (4) he was prejudiced by admission of illegally obtained
statements; (5) the trial court erred in denying him the ability to test all
evidence for DNA; (6) the trial court applied the incorrect standard of
review in determining that he had prior felony convictions; and (7) the jury
instruction impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to him.
¶12 First, Perkins argues that the trial court denied his
constitutional right to be present at all critical stages because the court
excluded him from conversing in side bars, participating in jury selection,
and from formulating jury instructions. “A defendant has a constitutional
right to be present in the courtroom at every critical stage of the proceedings
against him.” State v. Hall, 136 Ariz. 219, 222, 665 P.2d 101, 104 (App. 1983).
Because Perkins raised no objections below, we review for fundamental
error only. See State v. Henderson, 210 Ariz. 561, 567–68 ¶¶ 19–20, 115 P.3d
601, 607–08 (2005). No error occurred here. The record shows that Perkins
was present for all critical stages. See Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U.S. 128, 134 (1967)
(providing that a critical stage is any “stage of a criminal proceeding where
substantial rights of a criminal accused may be affected”). Most
importantly, the record shows that Perkins consented to all side bar
conversations that advisory counsel participated in without him and that
Perkins agreed to advisory counsel’s submitted jury instructions and that
he did not object to the State’s proposed jury instruction. The record further
shows that Perkins fully participated in jury selection, including agreeing
with the court and the prosecutor which potential jurors to strike and which
to retain. Consequently, no error occurred.
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STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
¶13 Second, Perkins argues that his court-appointed counsel was
deficient and therefore caused Perkins to represent himself in this case. We
do not consider claims for ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal;
they must be raised in a petition for post-conviction relief under Arizona
Rule of Criminal Procedure 32. State v. Spreitz, 202 Ariz. 1, 3 ¶ 9, 39 P.3d 525,
527 (2002).
¶14 Third, Perkins contends that his due process rights were
violated by multiple acts of prosecutorial misconduct, including
improperly vouching for the credibility of law enforcement and making
prejudicial statements during closing argument. Prosecutorial misconduct
will warrant a mistrial if the misconduct “permeates the entire trial and
deprives the defendant of a fair trial.” State v. Trani, 200 Ariz. 383, 384 ¶ 6,
26 P.3d 1154, 1155 (App. 2001). Because Perkins failed to object to the
alleged misconduct, our review is limited to fundamental error. See State v.
Anderson, 210 Ariz. 327, 340 ¶ 45, 111 P.3d 369, 382 (2005). We discern no
misconduct here. Perkins does not provide the record citations for when
these alleged instances of prosecutorial misconduct occurred, and the
record does not show that the prosecutor engaged in any of the alleged acts.
In any event, trial counsel is afforded great latitude in presenting closing
arguments to the jury and is free to comment on the evidence. State v. Lucas,
146 Ariz. 597, 606, 708 P.2d 81, 90 (1985), overruled in part on other grounds by
State v. Ives, 187 Ariz. 102, 108, 927 P.2d 762, 768 (1996). Further, the
prosecutor’s arguments about the witness’ credibility are not improper
when based on facts in evidence. State v. Williams, 113 Ariz. 442, 444, 556
P.2d 317, 319 (1976). From our review of the record, the prosecutor’s
remarks were within the permissible range of proper argument.
¶15 Fourth, Perkins contends that the trial court erroneously
admitted his statement that the drugs were not his because he was
unlawfully detained and interrogated. To admit at trial statements made by
persons in custody and in response to police questioning, the police must
first have provided the suspect with a recitation of his rights under Miranda.
State v. Zamora, 220 Ariz. 63, 67–68 ¶ 10, 202 P.3d 528, 532–33 (App. 2009).
If the Miranda warnings are affective, then un-coerced post-Miranda
statements are admissible. Id. at 70 ¶ 17, 202 P.3d at 535. Here, the record
establishes that a police officer read Perkins his Miranda rights and that
Perkins indicated that he understood his rights and agreed to answer
questions. When asked by the officer what fell out of his lap, Perkins
spontaneously responded that the drugs were not his. Thus, because
Perkins was given his Miranda warnings and the record does not indicate
any unwillingness on Perkins’ part or coercion on the officer’s part, the trial
court properly admitted Perkins’ statement.
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STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
¶16 Fifth, Perkins argues that the trial court erred in not
authorizing him to test all the Ziploc bags seized from the car for DNA. We
reject this claim, however, because Perkins has provided no legal basis for
it. See Ariz. R. Crim. P. 31.13(c)(1)(vi) (“The appellant’s brief shall include
. . . the proper standard of review . . . with citations to relevant authority, at
the outset of the discussion of that contention.”); State v. Carver, 160 Ariz.
167, 175, 771 P.2d 1382, 1390 (1989) (providing that failing to sufficiently
argue and support an argument on appeal waives it). Regardless of the
waiver, Perkins does not indicate in his brief which evidence he believes
was precluded from DNA testing. More importantly, the record shows that
the trial court did not deny any of Perkins’ request to test evidence. Instead,
it shows that for all of Perkins’ request to receive additional funding to test
evidence, the court granted them, and the Maricopa County Office of Public
Defense Services tested the evidence Perkins wanted tested.
¶17 Sixth, Perkins contends that the trial court erred in applying a
preponderance of the evidence standard in determining that he had prior
felony convictions. But the record does not demonstrate that the trial court
used that standard of proof. Further, the record shows that Perkins
stipulated to prior convictions in both the 2011 and 2012 cases. During trial
for the 2011 case, the court read to the jurors Perkins’ stipulation to one
prior felony conviction. In his plea agreement for the 2012 case, Perkins
avowed to two prior felony convictions.
¶18 Finally, Perkins argues that the jury instruction erroneously
shifted the burden from the State to him because the instruction did not list
the elements of the crime. But because Perkins requested the jury
instruction he now complains of, his argument is waived on appeal. See
State v. Logan, 200 Ariz. 564, 565 ¶ 8, 30 P.3d 631, 632 (2001) (“[W]hen a party
requests an erroneous instruction, any resulting error is invited and the
party waives his right to challenge the instruction on appeal.”). Regardless
of the waiver, Perkins’ argument still fails. The instruction were in
accordance with the Arizona Criminal Jury Instructions and properly
included the elements for possession of a dangerous drug and of a
dangerous drug for sale.
¶19 Consequently, we have read and considered counsel’s brief
and fully reviewed the record for reversible error, see Leon, 104 Ariz. at 300,
451 P.2d at 881, and find none. All of the proceedings were conducted in
compliance with the Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure. So far as the
record reveals, Perkins was represented by counsel or he represented
himself and advisory counsel was present at all stages of the proceedings,
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STATE v. PERKINS
Decision of the Court
and the sentence imposed was within the statutory guidelines. We decline
to order briefing and affirm Perkins’ conviction and sentence.
¶20 Upon the filing of this decision, defense counsel shall inform
Perkins of the status of his appeal and of his future options. Counsel has no
further obligations unless, upon review, counsel finds an issue appropriate
for submission to the Arizona Supreme Court by petition for review. See
State v. Shattuck, 140 Ariz. 582, 584–85, 684 P.2d 154, 156–57 (1984). Perkins
shall have 30 days from the date of this decision to proceed, if he desires,
with a pro per motion for reconsideration or petition for review.
CONCLUSION
¶21 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
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