PIMA COUNTY v. DOS PICOS LAND LIMITED PARTNERSHIP SHEPARD, Et Ux.

FILED BY CLERK
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS APR 20 2010
STATE OF ARIZONA
COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION TWO DIVISION TWO
PIMA COUNTY, a political subdivision of )
the State of Arizona, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) 2 CA-SA 2010-0008
) DEPARTMENT A
HON. STEPHEN F. McCARVILLE, Judge )
of the Superior Court of the State of Arizona, ) OPINION
in and for the County of Pinal, )
)
Respondent, )
)
and )
)
DOS PICOS LAND LIMITED )
PARTNERSHIP, an Arizona Limited )
Partnership; HARRY W. SHEPARD and )
PATRICIA P. SHEPARD, husband and wife, )
)
Real Parties in Interest. )
)
SPECIAL ACTION PROCEEDING
Cause No. CV-2005-00478
JURISDICTION ACCEPTED; RELIEF GRANTED
Barbara LaWall, Pima County Attorney
By Thomas Weaver, Jr. and Andrew L. Flagg Tucson
Attorneys for Petitioner
Ayers & Brown, P.C.
By Charles K. Ayers and Melinda A. Bird Phoenix
Attorneys for Real Parties in Interest
K E L L Y, Judge.
¶1 This petition for special action follows the respondent judge’s entry of final
judgment in an inverse-condemnation action. An appeal from portions of that judgment
is presently pending in this court. See Dos Picos Land Ltd. P’ship v. Pima County, No. 2
CA-CV 2009-0186. Petitioner Pima County seeks relief from the respondent judge’s
order of January 27, 2010, directing it to pay to the real parties in interest the entire
unpaid balance of the judgment, notwithstanding the pendency of the County’s appeal
and the provision of Rule 62(g), Ariz. R. Civ. P., that “[m]oney judgments against the
state or agency or political subdivision thereof, are automatically stayed when an appeal
is filed.”
¶2 The real parties in interest, Dos Picos Land Limited Partnership and Harry
and Patricia Shepard (collectively, “Dos Picos”),1 owned parcels of real property affected
by a Pima County ordinance that restricts access to and development of the property.2
Dos Picos brought an inverse condemnation against the County, and the respondent judge
1
Dos Picos Land Limited Partnership is an Arizona limited partnership. Harry
Shepard is its general partner, and Harry and Patricia Shepard are two of five limited
partners. Dos Picos owns 165 acres of the property at issue, and the Shepards
individually own a contiguous, twenty-acre parcel. For ease of reference, we use “Dos
Picos” to include the Shepards individually as well as the Dos Picos limited partnership.
2
The two affected parcels are the southwesternmost portion of a larger parcel
owned by Dos Picos. The two smaller parcels are surrounded on three sides—east, west,
and south—by the County-owned Tucson Mountain Park. On the north, the County’s
hillside-development ordinance protects a prominent ridgeline that runs from east to west
across the northern end of the two parcels. The ridge forms part of a “critical wildlife
corridor” on property the County deems “an ecologically sensitive area.”
2
ruled as a matter of law that the County’s actions constituted a taking of the southern
portion of the Dos Picos property. A jury then determined the fair market value of the
property taken to be $1,466,455.
¶3 On October 23, 2009, the respondent judge entered judgment against the
County and in favor of Dos Picos for that principal amount plus the following additional
sums: $104,786 for appraisal and engineering fees, $10,495.87 for nontaxable costs, and
$366,439 for attorney fees pursuant to A.R.S. § 11-972(B);3 $6,162.70 for taxable costs
pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-341; and interest on all amounts at the rate of ten percent per
annum.
¶4 Pima County filed a notice of appeal on November 12, 2009, challenging
only the awards pursuant to § 11-972(B) totaling $481,721 for Dos Picos’s appraisal,
engineering, and attorney fees and nontaxable costs and the award of interest at the ten
percent rate on all sums included in the judgment. The County has not challenged the
3
Entitled “Litigation expenses,” § 11-972 provides in part:
B. If an inverse condemnation proceeding is initiated
by the owner of any right, title or interest in real property
because of the alleged physical taking of the owner’s property
for any public purpose, the court that renders judgment for the
plaintiff in the proceeding and that awards compensation for
the physical taking of property, or the acquiring agency that
effects a settlement of any such proceedings, shall determine
and award or allow to the plaintiff as a part of the judgment or
settlement an amount that, in the opinion of the court or the
acquiring agency, will reimburse the plaintiff for the
plaintiff’s reasonable costs, disbursements and expenses,
including reasonable attorney, appraisal and engineering fees,
actually incurred because of the proceeding.
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fact of the taking or the amount the jury determined to be the fair market value of the
property. In October 2009, the County tendered payment to Dos Picos of $1,554,231.34,
representing the principal amount of the judgment together with interest through October
7, 2009, followed on October 9 by the tender of an additional $1,245.51 in interest. In
November 2009, the County also paid Dos Picos $6,162.70 for taxable costs. Thus, the
only amounts that remain unpaid are the litigation expenses and accruing interest the
County is challenging on appeal.
¶5 On November 2, 2009, before the County filed its notice of appeal, Dos
Picos had filed a “motion to enforce payment of judgment,” seeking immediate payment
of the full amount remaining due under the judgment. In support of its request, Dos Picos
cited A.R.S. § 12-1127(B); City of Phoenix v. Johnson, 220 Ariz. 189, 204 P.3d 447
(App. 2009), and State ex rel. Herman v. Jacobs, 7 Ariz. App. 396, 440 P.2d 32 (1968).
The County opposed the motion, arguing that § 12-1127(B) is inapplicable in inverse-
condemnation actions, that the County’s notice of appeal deprived the respondent judge
of jurisdiction to rule on Dos Picos’s motion, and that Rule 62(g) automatically stayed
enforcement of the judgment pending the outcome of the appeal.
¶6 The respondent judge granted Dos Picos’s motion in a written ruling filed
on January 27, 2010. Declaring the holding in Johnson to be dispositive of the issue, the
respondent ordered the County to pay Dos Picos the remaining amounts due under the
judgment, despite the pending appeal. Because we conclude the respondent judge erred
as a matter of law, see Ariz. R. P. Spec. Actions 3(c); Althaus v. Cornelio, 203 Ariz. 597,
¶ 4, 58 P.3d 973, 974 (App. 2002) (court abuses discretion by committing error of law);
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because the issue presented is a purely legal and potentially recurring question, see Uhlig
v. Lindberg, 189 Ariz. 480, 481, 943 P.2d 840, 841 (App. 1997) (appropriate to accept
special action jurisdiction of recurring legal issues); and because the County has no
comparable remedy by appeal, see Ariz. R. P. Spec. Actions 1(a) (special action not
available when “equally plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by appeal” exists), we
accept jurisdiction of the special action and grant relief.
¶7 Unlike the present inverse-condemnation case, Johnson was an appeal from
a direct-condemnation action governed by A.R.S. §§ 12-1111 through 12-1130. There,
the City of Phoenix had sued seeking immediate possession of Johnson’s property for a
“light rail public transit project.” Johnson, 220 Ariz. 189, ¶ 2, 204 P.3d at 448; see § 12-
1116(E) (after filing eminent-domain complaint, plaintiff may seek court order
authorizing possession). After a jury determined the amount of compensation to which
Johnson was entitled, the city deposited with the court the remaining sum due under the
judgment pursuant to §§ 12-1124 and 12-1127.4 Johnson, 220 Ariz. 189, ¶ 3, 204 P.3d at
4
Section 12-1127(A) provides:
At any time after judgment is entered, or pending an
appeal from the judgment to the supreme court, when plaintiff
has paid into court for defendant or defendants the full
amount of the judgment, and such other amounts as required
by the court as a fund to pay further damages and costs which
may be recovered in the proceedings, as well as all damages
that may be sustained by defendant or defendants if for any
cause the property is not finally taken for public use, the
superior court in which the action was tried may, upon notice
of not less than ten days, authorize plaintiff, if already in
possession, to continue therein, or if not, then to take
possession of and use the property until final conclusion of
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448. Johnson then applied for the disbursement of those funds pursuant to § 12-
1127(B).5 The city opposed the disbursement, pending appeal, based on Rule 62(g).
Johnson, 220 Ariz. 189, ¶¶ 3-4, 204 P.3d at 448.
¶8 On appeal, this court found the provisions of § 12-1127(B) and Rule 62(g)
were in direct conflict and could not be harmonized. Id. ¶ 10. We concluded that a
condemnee’s right under § 12-1127(B) to receive the monies paid into court by a public
entity pursuant to § 12-1127(A) is a substantive right created by the legislature that a
court-created rule may not restrict. Id. ¶ 18. Thus, we held in Johnson, “Rule 62(g) is
not enforceable when it impinges on the right to immediate payment under A.R.S. § 12-
1127.” Id.
¶9 Here, in contrast to Johnson, no similar conflict exists with Rule 62(g)
because this was an inverse-condemnation action and therefore not expressly subject to
the statutes governing eminent domain. Calmat of Ariz. v. State ex rel. Miller, 176 Ariz.
the litigation, and may, if necessary, stay all actions and
proceedings against plaintiff on account thereof.
5
Section 12-1127(B) provides:
The defendant or defendants who are entitled to the
money paid into court upon any judgment may demand and
receive the money at any time thereafter upon an order of the
court. The court shall, upon application, order the money so
paid into court delivered to the party entitled thereto upon his
filing either a satisfaction of the judgment or a receipt for the
money, and an abandonment of all defenses to the action or
proceeding except as to the amount of damages to which he
may be entitled if a new trial is granted. Such payment shall
be deemed an abandonment of all defenses, except the party’s
claim for greater compensation.
6
190, 192, 859 P.2d 1323, 1325 (1993) (state constitution requires compensation to
owners of property injured by inverse condemnation “even though no specific statutory
procedure governs this recovery”). Our courts on occasion have applied a specific direct-
condemnation statute in an inverse-condemnation action when “the similarities between
direct and inverse condemnation actions” made the application “logical[].” Id. at 193,
859 P.2d at 1326; see, e.g., State v. Hollis, 93 Ariz. 200, 203, 379 P.2d 750, 751 (1963)
(venue provision applied). But our supreme court has held the legislature did not
“intend[] the wholesale application of direct condemnation statutes to inverse
condemnation actions,” Calmat, 176 Ariz. at 193, 859 P.2d at 1326, and thus declined to
apply the statutorily prescribed date of valuation in an inverse condemnation action. Id.
at 195, 859 P.2d at 1328.
¶10 Because § 12-1127 applies to direct-condemnation actions and has no
statutory counterpart governing inverse-condemnation proceedings, no statute here
directly conflicts with Rule 62(g) as in Johnson. Moreover, because this case involves
only unpaid litigation expenses recoverable under § 11-972(B), we do not find it
necessary to incorporate § 12-1127 into this inverse-condemnation action in order to
effectuate “the spirit and purpose behind the law of eminent domain.” Calmat, 176 Ariz.
at 195, 859 P.2d at 1328. Additionally, in mandating that the plaintiff in an inverse-
condemnation action recover the “reasonable costs, disbursements and expenses . . .
incurred because of the proceeding,” § 11-972(B) requires only that those amounts be
included in any judgment or settlement, not that they be paid upon demand or before an
appeal. See Calmat, 176 Ariz. at 192-93, 859 P.2d at 1325-26 (legislature may specify
7
“some convenient time” for assessing value), citing Desert Waters, Inc. v. Superior
Court, 91 Ariz. 163, 173, 370 P.2d 652, 659 (1962). And, in the event of a successful
appeal, the possible difficulty of recovering public funds used to pay litigation expenses
also militates in favor of applying Rule 62(g) when no conflicting statute prevents its
application.
¶11 Because no inverse-condemnation statute conflicts with Rule 62(g),
Johnson is not dispositive in this case. Thus, the respondent judge erred as a matter of
law, and thereby abused his discretion, in granting Dos Picos’s motion based on Johnson.
We conclude Rule 62(g) applies by its terms to stay the enforcement of the money
judgment for litigation expenses from which the County has appealed. Accordingly, we
accept jurisdiction of this special action, grant the relief requested, and vacate the
respondent judge’s ruling of January 27, 2010.
/s/ Virginia C. Kelly
VIRGINIA C. KELLY, Judge
CONCURRING:
/s/ Joseph W. Howard
JOSEPH W. HOWARD, Chief Judge
/s/ Philip G. Espinosa
PHILIP G. ESPINOSA, Presiding Judge
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