Burk v. Teufel

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
In re the Matter of:
ANGELA T. BURK, Petitioner/Appellee,
v.
DENNIS E. TEUFEL, Respondent/Appellant.
UDALL SHUMWAY PLC, Real Party in Interest/Appellee
No. 1 CA-CV 15-0117 FC
FILED 4-14-2016
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
Nos. FN 2008-002605 and FN 2008-091601 (CONSOLIDATED)
The Honorable John R. Hannah, Judge
REVERSED
COUNSEL
Udall Shumway PLC, Mesa
By Steven H. Everts and David R. Schwartz
Counsel for Real Party in Interest/Appellee
Dickinson Wright PLLC, Phoenix
By Leonce A. Richard, III
Counsel for Respondent/Appellant
BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Presiding Judge Andrew W. Gould delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge John C. Gemmill and Judge Margaret H. Downie joined.
G O U L D, Judge:
¶1 Dennis Teufel (“Husband”) appeals the family court’s order
approving a settlement agreement and amending the decree to
incorporate the agreement. Because the court did not make findings
regarding a substantial change in circumstances or the existence of
conditions justifying the reopening of the decree as required by Arizona
Revised Statute (“A.R.S.”) section 25-327, we conclude it did not have the
authority to modify the decree by incorporating the settlement agreement.
We therefore reverse.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 Husband and his former spouse, Angela Burk (“Wife”), filed
for divorce in August 2008. From this case’s inception, the parties have
disagreed about division of property and the amount of spousal
maintenance to be awarded to Wife. Following a 2-day trial, the family
court made an equitable division of the parties’ property and ordered
Husband to pay Wife $250,000.00 in spousal maintenance. Additionally,
based on the disparity of income between the parties and the
unreasonable positions taken by Husband during the litigation, the court
ordered Husband to pay 100% of Wife’s attorneys’ fees pursuant to A.R.S.
§ 25-324.
¶3 Immediately following entry of the decree, the parties began
filing motions seeking to change the decree. Husband filed an appeal of
the decree and the court’s denial of his motion for new trial. During the
pendency of Husband’s appeal, the parties continued to litigate the
decree’s property distribution orders.
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BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
¶4 In May 2010, Husband and Wife entered into a settlement
agreement.1 The settlement agreement, by its express terms, modified the
decree. The agreement stated it was the intent of the parties to settle all of
the claims “raised in their divorce,” including “all rights and obligations
under” the decree. The agreement also stated that “[e]xcept as otherwise
expressly modified by the terms of this [a]greement, the parties hereby
affirm and accept . . . the Court’s orders set forth” in the decree.
¶5 The settlement agreement changed the property distribution
in the decree. For example, the agreement modified the terms by which
Wife obtained ownership of the parties’ Iowa residence. Wife also gave
up her portion of interest in the Atlantis timeshare that had been awarded
to her under the decree. In addition, the agreement changed the division
of frequent flier miles, tax credits, furniture, personal property, and the
parties’ obligations regarding their marital residence.
¶6 The agreement also resolved the parties’ dispute over
interest owed on Wife’s spousal maintenance award, and provided terms
for Husband to pay the balance of spousal maintenance owed to Wife.
Additionally, the parties agreed to pay their own legal expenses and
waived all attorneys’ fees claims “of any nature with regard to any
statutes of the state of Az.”
¶7 After the parties entered the settlement agreement, Husband
filed a notice of settlement with the court; attached to the notice was a
copy of the agreement. Husband lodged a form of order with the court
entitled “Order Approving and Adopting Parties’ Agreements Modifying
Terms of the Decree of Dissolution.” Husband subsequently dismissed
his appeal of the decree.
¶8 The law firm that had represented Wife was not involved in
negotiating or drafting the settlement agreement. When the firm received
the notice of settlement, it filed a statement with the court seeking
payment of $44,000 in fees incurred to enforce Husband’s compliance with
the decree. The firm sought payment of these fees from money garnished
1 There are two different copies of the settlement agreement in the
record. The court determined the agreement offered by Wife as an exhibit
at the hearing was the written version of the agreement. We defer to the
superior court’s finding in this regard and treat the settlement agreement
notarized on May 6, 2010, and filed as an exhibit, as the parties’ settlement
agreement. See McNeil v. Hoskyns, 236 Ariz. 173, 176, ¶ 13 (App. 2014)
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BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
from Husband and held in its trust account on Wife’s behalf. The court
denied the firm’s request, stating Wife’s attorneys did not have a security
or lien interest in the funds held in the trust account for Wife because Wife
did not have an ownership interest in the funds.
¶9 The law firm appealed the court’s ruling, and this court
affirmed, rejecting the firm’s lien claim. However, because the issue was
beyond the scope of the appeal, we did not address the firm’s argument
the settlement agreement should be set aside. Rather, we remanded the
case to the court to determine whether the settlement agreement was
dispositive of Wife’s remaining claim for fees, and whether to order
disbursement of the remaining funds in the trust account to Husband.
¶10 On remand, the court examined the settlement agreement.
Wife sought to set the settlement agreement aside as “unfair” pursuant to
A.R.S. § 25-317 and Sharp v. Sharp, 179 Ariz. 205 (App. 1994). Husband
argued the settlement agreement was a post-decree agreement, and
therefore not subject to A.R.S. § 25-317.
¶11 The court reviewed the settlement agreement under A.R.S. §
25-317. It concluded it had the authority and obligation to review the
settlement agreement to determine whether it was validly entered, and
was fair and equitable. The court also placed the burden of proving the
agreement was fair and equitable on Husband. Upon examination, the
court found the settlement agreement was valid and binding on the
parties. It also found the agreement was fair and equitable except for the
provisions attempting to relieve Husband of his obligation to pay Wife’s
attorneys’ fees. Accordingly, the court struck the provisions in the
agreement waiving Wife’s claims for attorneys’ fees. Finally, the court
amended the decree “by incorporating into it the [s]ettlement [a]greement
as amended.”2
2 In its order, the court also found that Wife was “entitled to have
Husband pay her reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs for the post-decree
period before and after the entry of the settlement agreement.” To this
end, the court ordered Husband to pay to Wife $40,000 from Wife’s
attorney’s trust account for the reasonable fees incurred between entry of
the divorce decree and September 30, 2010. The court also found Wife
was entitled to an award of fees for the current litigation over the
settlement agreement and ordered Wife’s attorney to file an affidavit for
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BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
¶12 Husband filed a motion for new trial objecting to the court’s
review of the agreement pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-317. The court denied
Husband’s motion, and he timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
I. Standard of Review
¶13 We review the superior court’s interpretation and
application of court rules and statutory provisions de novo. See Egan v.
Fridlund-Horne, 221 Ariz. 229, 232, ¶ 8 (App. 2009); Allstate Indem. Co. v.
Ridgely, 214 Ariz. 440, 442, ¶ 8 (App. 2007). A superior court’s
interpretation of an unambiguous agreement is also a question of law we
review de novo. In re Marriage of Pownall, 197 Ariz. 577, 580, ¶ 7 (App.
2000).
II. Modification of the Divorce Decree
¶14 Husband argues the post-decree settlement agreement is
valid and the family court did not have the authority to review the
agreement pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-317 and Sharp v. Sharp, 179 Ariz. 205
(App. 1994). However, we need not reach this issue because, under the
facts of this case, the court was not permitted to amend the decree by
incorporating the settlement agreement into the decree.
¶15 A trial court’s authority to terminate or modify the property
division in a divorce decree is governed by A.R.S. § 25-327. See Schmidt v.
Schmidt, 158 Ariz. 496, 498 (App. 1988). Pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-327(A),
the property disposition order in a decree may only be revoked or
modified if the court finds the existence of conditions justifying reopening
a judgment. A.R.S. § 25-327(A); LaPrade v. LaPrade, 189 Ariz. 243, 246
(1997); Schmidt, 168 Ariz. at 498; see Ariz. R. Fam. Law. P. Rule 85(C)
(listing the grounds for reopening a decree).
¶16 By its express terms, the agreement modifies the property
division in the decree. Indeed, Husband submitted the agreement to the
court seeking an order adopting the agreement and modifying the terms
of the decree. However, prior to entering the agreement, neither party
sought to reopen the decree or petitioned the court to make findings in
compliance with A.R.S. § 25-327(A).
those fees. Upon receipt of counsel’s affidavit, the court awarded
$28,243.58 in fees to be paid by Husband directly to Wife’s attorney.
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BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
¶17 Under these circumstances, the court did not have the
authority to modify the decree by incorporating the settlement agreement.
The court made its modification without first reopening the decree or
making any findings of a substantial and continuing change of
circumstances justifying reopening the decree. Pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-
327(A), this was error, and we must vacate the court’s order.3 Schmidt, 158
Ariz. at 498 (stating a court is required to find at least one of the Rule 60(c)
conditions exist before it can modify a provision as to property
disposition). Accordingly, we reverse the court’s order approving the
settlement agreement and incorporating the agreement into the decree.
III. Attorneys’ Fees on Appeal
¶18 Appellee, Wife’s law firm, requests an award of attorneys’
fees for Wife pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324. The firm reasons that it stands
in the shoes of Wife for purposes of the appeal, and Wife is entitled to an
award under § 25-324 due to the substantial disparity of financial
resources between Wife and Husband.
¶19 A.R.S. § 25-324 does not require that a party prevail in order
to be awarded fees. The record shows a substantial disparity of income
and assets between Husband and Wife. Having considered the parties’
financial resources and the reasonableness of the positions taken, we find
that Wife is entitled to an award of reasonable fees incurred on appeal
pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324. We direct her to file a fee application in
compliance with ARCAP 21.
3 Husband relies on LaPrade v. LaPrade, 189 Ariz. 243 (1997), to argue
that he and Wife had the independent ability to enter post-decree
contracts that modify the divorce decree’s property division regardless of
the court’s authority to do so. Husband’s reading of LaPrade omits the
important fact that the parties contracted to modify the provisions of a
settlement agreement that was incorporated, but not merged, into their
divorce decree. 189 Ariz. at 249. Under the circumstances before us,
where the trial court exceeded its authority to modify the divorce decree
without making the requisite findings, we decline to so extend LaPrade.
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BURK v. TEUFEL
Decision of the Court
CONCLUSION
¶20 Because the family court’s order approving the settlement
agreement and modifying the decree was barred by A.R.S. § 25-327(A), we
reverse.
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