State v. Cardwell

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,
v.
JEREMY CARDWELL, Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CR 14-0397
FILED 4-7-2016
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CR2013-101774-001 SE
The Honorable Joseph C. Kreamer, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Joseph T. Maziarz
Counsel for Appellee
Ballecer & Segal, L.L.P., Phoenix
By Natalee E. Segal
Counsel for Appellant
STATE v. CARDWELL
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Peter B. Swann and Judge Donn Kessler joined.
W I N T H R O P, Judge:
¶1 Jeremy Cardwell (“Appellant”) appeals his convictions and
sentences for first degree murder and burglary in the second degree. He
argues the trial court erred in three evidentiary rulings, in denying his
request for a third-party culpability jury instruction, and in considering
pecuniary gain as an aggravating factor for sentencing purposes. Finding
no error, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND1
¶2 After the victim and her husband, Michael Mors, divorced in
2009, the victim continued to reside in the couple’s home (“the Home”).
The divorce had been contentious, and although the family court had
ordered the victim to sell the Home and pay Mors his share of any potential
sale proceeds, a downturn in the local housing market prevented the victim
from doing so immediately. The victim obtained an order of protection
against Mors, prohibiting him from contacting her or coming to the Home.
¶3 Mors and Appellant were close friends and roommates. In
January 2012, they moved into a bedroom in a home owned by a couple
they had recently met, after explaining to the couple that “they needed
somewhere to stay until their house became available.” They each paid
$200 per month in rent.
¶4 Between 5:55 p.m. and 6:18 p.m. on February 25, 2012, the
victim’s boyfriend went to the Home, where he discovered the victim’s
“cold” lifeless body. She had been strangled sometime after approximately
11:00 a.m., and pennies covered her eyes. The subsequent police
investigation revealed that, although the victim’s credit and debit cards and
1 We view the facts in the light most favorable to sustaining the
verdicts and resolve all reasonable inferences against Appellant. See State
v. Kiper, 181 Ariz. 62, 64, 887 P.2d 592, 594 (App. 1994).
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a meat slicer were apparently missing, the Home had been “staged” to
appear as if it had been burglarized.2 Mors’ fingerprints were discovered
on a mirror on a closet door in the Home.
¶5 In March 2012, Mors “got the keys to the house,” and
Appellant moved into the Home the same day. Sometime thereafter,
Appellant was placed in jail on unrelated charges. In May 2012, Mors sold
the Home. Mors received $172,196.14 from the proceeds, and he moved to
another state in June 2012.
¶6 Initially, Mors was a suspect in the victim’s murder, but his
DNA did not match the DNA collected from underneath the victim’s
fingernails. Appellant’s DNA, however, was found to be a contributor to
the DNA mixture under the victim’s left fingernails.
¶7 Based on information gleaned from cell phone towers in the
area, police determined Appellant’s cell phone and, presumably,
Appellant, were near the Home at approximately the time the victim was
killed, but Mors’ phone was not. Police also obtained a postcard (“the
Postcard”) written by Appellant while he was in jail after the victim’s
murder.3 The Postcard was addressed to Mors at the Home’s address and
delivered to the Home in July 2012 when its new owners—who purchased
the Home from Mors—resided there. The message on the Postcard
indicates Appellant believed he had satisfied his obligations pursuant to a
“deal” between him and Mors, and Appellant wanted “to know where we
stand.”
¶8 A grand jury issued an indictment, charging Appellant with
Count I, first degree murder, a class one felony, and Count II, burglary in
the second degree, a class three felony.4 The State later alleged multiple
aggravating factors, including that Appellant committed the charged
2 No one attempted to use the missing credit and debit cards after the
victim’s death. The day after the victim was killed, however, Appellant
gave a meat slicer to the couple with whom he and Mors had been living.
Appellant claimed he had obtained the meat slicer at a garage sale.
3 Before the Postcard was admitted into evidence, the State redacted
from it all information indicating Appellant’s incarceration.
4 The murder charge was predicated on alternative theories of
premeditation and felony murder. See Ariz. Rev. Stat. (“A.R.S.”) § 13-
1105(A)(1)-(2) (2010).
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offenses for pecuniary gain. At trial, and over Appellant’s objections, the
trial court admitted into evidence photographs of the victim’s corpse and
the “ransacked” Home, the Postcard, and expert testimony regarding the
relative locations of Appellant’s and Mors’ cell phones around the time of
the murder. Before the court instructed the jury, Appellant proposed a
specific third-party culpability instruction, arguing the trial evidence—
specifically Mors’ fingerprints in the Home—reasonably supported giving
the instruction. The trial court denied Appellant’s request but permitted
him to argue the evidence tended to create reasonable doubt as to his guilt.
¶9 The jury found Appellant guilty as charged, and the court
imposed a natural life sentence for the murder conviction and a concurrent,
aggravated fifteen-year prison term for the burglary conviction. Appellant
timely appealed, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to the Arizona
Constitution, Article 6, Section 9, and A.R.S. §§ 12–120.21(A)(1) (2003), 13–
4031 (2010), and 13–4033(A) (2010).
ANALYSIS
I. Evidentiary Rulings
¶10 Generally, relevant evidence is admissible unless proscribed
by law or an evidentiary rule. Ariz. R. Evid. 402. “Evidence is relevant if:
(a) it has any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would
be without the evidence; and (b) the fact is of consequence in determining
the action.” Ariz. R. Evid. 401. The court may, however, exclude relevant
evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by a danger of
unfair prejudice or needlessly presenting cumulative evidence. Ariz. R.
Evid. 403.
¶11 We review the trial court’s evidentiary rulings for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Davolt, 207 Ariz. 191, 208, ¶ 60, 84 P.3d 456, 473 (2004)
(reviewing the admission of photographs and videotape); State v. Chavez,
225 Ariz. 442, 443, ¶ 5, 239 P.3d 761, 762 (App. 2010) (reviewing the
admission of text messages over a hearsay objection); State v. Salazar, 182
Ariz. 604, 610, 898 P.2d 982, 988 (App. 1995) (reviewing the preclusion of
expert witness testimony); see also State v. Cañez, 202 Ariz. 133, 153, ¶ 61, 42
P.3d 564, 584 (2002) (“Because the trial court is best situated to conduct the
Rule 403 balance, we will reverse its ruling only for abuse of discretion.”
(citation omitted)), supplemented by 205 Ariz. 620, 74 P.3d 932 (2003), and
abrogation on other grounds recognized by McKinney v. Ryan, 813 F.3d 798, 815-
26 (9th Cir. 2015). An abuse of discretion occurs when “no reasonable judge
would have reached the same result under the circumstances.” State v.
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Armstrong, 208 Ariz. 345, 354, ¶ 40, 93 P.3d 1061, 1070 (citation omitted),
supplemented by 208 Ariz. 360, 93 P.3d 1076 (2004).
A. Photographs
¶12 Appellant challenges the admission of several photographs
into evidence. Three photographs, collectively, show two handgun holsters
and boxes of ammunition in open drawers, to the left of which are fourteen
books and other unidentifiable objects strewn on the floor (“the Ransack
Photos”). The remaining photographs relate to the medical examiner’s
autopsy: three pre-autopsy photos of the victim’s unclothed body lying on
an examination table (“the Pre-Autopsy Photos”), and autopsy photos
depicting (1) the victim’s reflected scalp exposing an acute right
postauricular focal hemorrhage resulting from “some type of force or
impact,” and (2) her dissected neck showing bleeding into the entire right
sternocleidomastoid muscle, which indicates the victim was recently
strangled and/or smothered (“the Autopsy Photos”).
¶13 In assessing the admissibility of photographs, we utilize a
three-part test, in which we examine (1) relevance, (2) the tendency to incite
or inflame, and (3) the probative value versus the potential to cause unfair
prejudice. Davolt, 207 Ariz. at 208, ¶ 60, 84 P.3d at 473. “Photographs are
relevant when they aid the jury in understanding an issue in the case.” State
v. Jones, 203 Ariz. 1, 9, ¶ 28, 49 P.3d 273, 281 (2002) (citation omitted).
Photographs may be relevant to corroborate testimony; to illustrate or
explain testimony; to identify the victim; to show the nature, extent, and
location of injuries; to help determine the degree of the crime; and to
corroborate the State’s theory of how and why the crime was committed.
State v. Anderson, 210 Ariz. 327, 339-40, ¶ 39, 111 P.3d 369, 381-82 (2005).
Relevant photographs may be admitted into evidence even if they may tend
to prejudice the jury against the defendant. State v. Bocharski, 200 Ariz. 50,
55, ¶ 21, 22 P.3d 43, 48 (2001). Even gruesome or inflammatory photographs
may be admitted, as long as they are not admitted for the sole purpose of
inflaming the jury. State v. Morris, 215 Ariz. 324, 339, ¶ 70, 160 P.3d 203, 218
(2007).
¶14 Appellant contends the Ransack Photos are irrelevant
because the State had many other photographs that depict the Home’s
disarray, and the gun-related evidence is unfairly prejudicial because it
“interjects an element of violence and dangerousness . . . without serving a
probative purpose.” We disagree.
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¶15 The Ransack Photos were relevant to illustrate the State’s
theory of premeditation; namely, that Appellant, to deflect suspicion from
Mors and himself, staged the scene to appear as if “a burglary that went
bad” had occurred. And although photographs of other locations in the
Home showing it had been “ransacked” were admitted, none of those other
photos depicted the particular piece of furniture in the victim’s bedroom,
which is where her body was found. Further, the Ransack Photos are not
inflammatory, and the depiction of items related to handguns was not
prejudicial because the State made clear at trial that no guns were stolen or
otherwise used in the commission of the charged offenses. The trial court
did not abuse its discretion in admitting the Ransack Photos.
¶16 Appellant also challenges the relevancy of the Pre-Autopsy
Photos, and contends they only served to evoke the jurors’ sympathy. We
conclude otherwise. The Pre-Autopsy Photos showed some of the victim’s
external injuries, including a defensive injury to her left hand. The photos
were, therefore, admitted not to evoke sympathy, but to help illustrate the
medical examiner’s testimony regarding the victim’s injuries, and to
provide context to the examiner’s testimony explaining how the body was
prepared for the autopsy.
¶17 With respect to the Autopsy Photos, Appellant argues the
photos’ depictions of injuries that indicate the victim was asphyxiated are
irrelevant because he did not challenge the victim’s cause of death.
However, the fact and cause of death in a homicide prosecution are always
relevant, even if undisputed. Cañez, 202 Ariz. at 154, ¶ 66, 42 P.3d at 585.
Thus, Appellant’s trial strategy in not contesting the cause of death did not
render the Autopsy Photos irrelevant. See id. (noting the State “must carry
its burden of proof on uncontested issues as well as contested ones” and,
therefore, rejecting an assertion that photos of the deceased were irrelevant
because they were “probative only of matters not in dispute”).
¶18 Finally, the Pre-Autopsy and Autopsy Photos are not so
gruesome that their probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice under Rule 403. See, e.g., State v. Castaneda, 150 Ariz. 382, 391, 724
P.2d 1, 10 (1986) (holding that photographs of stab wounds in the victim’s
chest and the victim’s nude body smeared with blood were properly
admitted); State v. Poland, 144 Ariz. 388, 401, 698 P.2d 183, 196 (1985)
(holding that a photograph of a victim’s fully clothed body lying face down
was not gruesome, and a close-up photograph of a victim’s torso and
decomposed head, although gruesome, was properly admitted because the
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probative value outweighed the prejudicial effect). The court did not abuse
its discretion in admitting the Pre-Autopsy and Autopsy Photos.5
B. Postcard
¶19 As redacted, the Postcard bears the following message:
Hey man[,] what’s going on? I got the message from a friend
you just got done re-modeling. I wish you would write. I
need to know where we stand. Again, I would like to hear
from you on where we stand. I’ve kepted [sic] my deal.
Please just give me the courtesy of a letter. I know you’ve
been busy[.] PLEASE!!!
¶20 Appellant contends the Postcard should have been precluded
because its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of
unfair prejudice.6 See Ariz. R. Evid. 403. He argues the Postcard’s reference
to a deal is “speculative” and “not probative of a particular fact,” and that
“[t]here was no context given for the ‘deal.’” Appellant also asserts the
Postcard’s probative value is diminished because other trial evidence
establishes a connection between him and Mors. We reject these
arguments.
¶21 The Postcard’s reference to a “deal” was not so speculative
that it lacked probative value. Given the circumstances around the time of
the murder—namely that (1) Mors had little or no income, (2) Mors was
expecting a share of the sale proceeds once the victim sold the Home, (3)
the victim had not yet listed the Home for sale, (4) Mors was not permitted
to be in the Home due to the order of protection, (5) Mors and his friend,
Appellant, wanted to (and Appellant did) move into the Home apparently
to discontinue paying rent, and (6) Mors received a large sum of money
after he sold the Home—one could reasonably infer that the “deal” referred
to an agreement between Appellant and Mors, whereby Appellant would
murder the victim in exchange for a share of the expected proceeds when
5 It appears from the record that two other complained-of
photographs were not admitted into evidence. In any event, we find no
abuse of the court’s discretion.
6 In concluding the partially redacted Postcard was admissible, the
trial court rejected Appellant’s hearsay objection and concluded the
Postcard constituted a non-hearsay statement by a party opponent. See
Ariz. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(A).
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Mors sold the Home. Indeed, a detective who investigated this case
testified on cross-examination that, in his opinion, the Postcard’s reference
to a “deal,” in conjunction with other evidence, could only mean Appellant
and Mors had such an agreement.
¶22 Construed in such a manner, the Postcard is the only evidence
of Appellant’s admission to the crimes in his own words. Accordingly, the
Postcard was highly relevant not only to prove Appellant’s premeditation
to commit murder, but also to rebut his third-party defense. Furthermore,
Appellant cannot establish the unfairly prejudicial nature of the Postcard.
See State v. Mott, 187 Ariz. 536, 545, 931 P.2d 1046, 1055 (1997) (“Unfair
prejudice results if the evidence has an undue tendency to suggest decision
on an improper basis, such as emotion, sympathy, or horror.” (citation
omitted)). As noted, the State redacted all information on the Postcard
showing Appellant was incarcerated when he mailed it. The court did not
abuse its discretion in admitting the Postcard.
C. Expert Testimony
¶23 After his indictment in this case, Appellant indicated his
intent to present a defense based solely on the insufficiency of the State’s
evidence. After voir dire commenced, however, he gave notice that he
intended to assert a third-party culpability defense based on evidence
expected to be presented at trial indicating Mors could have been physically
present in the Home at the time the victim was killed, and therefore could
have killed the victim instead of Appellant. Noting the untimeliness of
Appellant’s notice and request to admit third-party culpability evidence,
the court decided “to give the state a lot of latitude to tell [the court] what
it needs to do to be ready, because [the third-party culpability defense] is
unexpected to the state.” Almost immediately, the State informed
Appellant and the court that it would need “to call [cell] tower experts” to
rebut the proffered defense and establish that Appellant, and not Mors, was
near the victim’s home around the time of the murder. Ten days later, the
State disclosed Steve Kartz, an employee of Sprint, the mobile carrier used
by Appellant, and Anthony Badalamenti, an employee of AT&T, the mobile
carrier used by Mors. Appellant moved to preclude Kartz and Badalamenti
from testifying, arguing in part their testimony was cumulative to the
State’s expected expert testimony of Westry Wilton. See Ariz. R. Evid. 403.
The court denied the motion.
¶24 Appellant contends the court erred in denying his motion to
preclude the testimony of Kartz and Badalamenti. He argues the testimony
provided by them was cumulative, unnecessary, and a waste of time.
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¶25 Wilton testified as a criminal intelligence analyst employed
by the Rocky Mountain Information Network, an organization that
analyzes cellphone records provided by law enforcement agencies and
prepares for those agencies reports and cellphone maps showing the
locations, over a given period of time, of the cellphones related to the
records. The maps Wilton created in this case illustrate the relative
locations of the cellphones used by Appellant, Mors, the victim, and the
victim’s boyfriend on February 25, 2012, and, with respect to Appellant and
Mors, the six preceding days as well. Wilton determined the locations
based on the phone records’ indications of the times the phones would
“ping” off particular cellphone towers. On cross-examination, Wilton
admitted she is not an expert in the field of cellphone tower operations.
¶26 Kartz and Badalamenti are radio frequency engineers who
testified about various technical aspects of their respective employer
cellphone carriers’ “towers.” In doing so, they also corroborated Wilton’s
testimony regarding the locations of Mors’ and Appellant’s cellphones
around the time of the victim’s murder. As Appellant concedes, Kartz and
Badalamenti testified in more detail than did Wilton regarding “the way
the cell towers work specific to each carrier.”
¶27 Because Kartz and Badalamenti testified as experts regarding
a field of cellphone tower technology in which Wilton was not an expert,
their expert testimony was necessary to rebut Appellant’s attempt to
impeach Wilton on the basis of her lack of expertise. Accordingly, Kartz’s
and Badalamenti’s testimony was not unnecessarily cumulative, and the
court did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant’s motion to
preclude.7 See State v. Verive, 128 Ariz. 570, 576, 627 P.2d 721, 727 (App.
1981) (“To reject relevant evidence on the basis of unfair prejudice and
cumulativeness is within the discretion of the trial court.”).
II. Third-Party Culpability Instruction
¶28 Appellant next argues the trial court erred by refusing his
request to instruct the jury on third-party culpability. Appellant contends
the court was required to do so because the evidence supported his theory
7 Further, Appellant did not raise an objection based on the alleged
cumulative nature of the testimony when Kartz and Badalamenti testified,
despite the fact that the trial court expressly allowed him to do so, stating it
would consider such an objection “if and when it happens.”
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of third-party culpability. He cites no authority supporting his assertion
that a jury must be instructed on such a defense theory.
¶29 We will not reverse a trial court’s decision to refuse a jury
instruction absent a clear abuse of discretion. State v. Cox, 214 Ariz. 518,
521, ¶ 16, 155 P.3d 357, 360 (App. 2007). Although a defendant is entitled
to a jury instruction on any theory reasonably supported by the evidence, a
trial court acts within its discretion when it refuses an instruction that lacks
a factual or legal basis. See State v. Vandever, 211 Ariz. 206, 208, ¶ 7, 119 P.3d
473, 475 (App. 2005) (citations omitted); see also State v. Johnson, 205 Ariz.
413, 417, ¶ 10, 72 P.3d 343, 347 (App. 2003) (recognizing that a conviction
may be reversed if jury instructions may have misled the jury or are
otherwise deficient (citations omitted)). Moreover, “[w]here the law is
adequately covered by [the] instructions as a whole, no reversible error has
occurred.” State v. Doerr, 193 Ariz. 56, 65, ¶ 35, 969 P.2d 1168, 1177 (1998)
(citation omitted). “We will reverse only if the instructions, taken together,
would have misled the jurors.” Id. (citation omitted). When assessing the
adequacy of jury instructions, closing arguments may also be considered.
State v. Bruggeman, 161 Ariz. 508, 510, 779 P.2d 823, 825 (App. 1989).
¶30 Appellant requested the following instruction:
Jeremy Cardwell maintains that he did not kill [the victim],
but that Michael Mors did instead.
In order for you to consider a third party culpability defense,
Defendant must show some evidence concerning a third
person or third persons that tends to create reasonable doubt
as to his guilt. Defendant does not need to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that the third party is guilty of the charged
offense. The evidence need only tend to show that a third
person or persons committed the offenses and thus tend to
create a reasonable doubt as to Defendant’s guilt.
SOURCES: State v. Prion, 203 Ariz. 157, 161, 52 P.3d 189[, 193]
(2002); State v. Gibson, 202 Ariz. 321, 323, 44 P.3d 1001[, 1003]
(2002); [People] v. Henderson, 110 Cal. App. 4th 737, 741-43 (Cal.
Ct. App. 2003); State v. Arroyo, 935 A.2d 975, 982-87 ([Conn.]
2007).
¶31 We agree with Appellant that the trial evidence could be
construed as supporting a defense theory that Mors murdered the victim.
We disagree with his assertion, however, that Arizona law requires the
third-party culpability instruction he presented to the court. Moreover, the
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other instructions provided by the court, in addition to the parties’ closing
arguments, adequately covered the substance of third-party culpability.
¶32 First, the Arizona cases Appellant relied on for his proposed
instruction, Prion and Gibson, deal with the admissibility of third-party
culpability evidence, not third-party culpability jury instructions. State v.
Parker, 231 Ariz. 391, 405, ¶ 55, 296 P.3d 54, 68 (2013) (citing Prion, 203 Ariz.
at 161-62, ¶¶ 19-27, 52 P.3d at 193-94; Gibson, 202 Ariz. at 323-24, ¶¶ 11-19,
44 P.3d at 1003-04). And, as our supreme court has expressly recognized,
“[n]o Arizona case has required a third-party culpability instruction.” Id.¶33 Second, the trial court’s instructions to the jury regarding the
presumption of innocence and the State’s burden to prove guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt adequately reflected the substance of the proposed
instruction. See id. at ¶ 56. Furthermore, defense counsel’s closing
argument made clear to the jurors that they could not find Appellant guilty
if they determined Mors killed the victim. The court did not abuse its
discretion in refusing to give the third-party culpability instruction.
III. Pecuniary Gain
¶34 At sentencing, the court found the following factors
supported a natural life sentence for the murder conviction and an
aggravated sentence for the burglary conviction: Appellant’s five prior
felony convictions, harm to the victim and her family, and pecuniary gain.8
Of those factors, the court found harm to the victim and her family to be
“the most weighty and crushing . . . a huge aggravating factor.” As for
pecuniary gain, the court stated as follows:
We are not talking about pecuniary gain. I agree that
there’s not really clear evidence there. We can look at the
postcard. We can look at circumstances. I do consider
pecuniary gain but I don’t give it [a] whole lot of weight
because of the concern I have got regarding the lack of
8 Regarding its choice between a parole-eligible and a natural life
sentence for the murder conviction, the court found “the fact that
[Appellant] went back and lived in [the Home] for two to three weeks to
me tips the balance [to imposing natural life].” Although natural life is
technically not an “aggravated” sentence that requires specific findings, see
State v. Fell, 210 Ariz. 554, 558, ¶¶ 12-15, 115 P.3d 594, 598 (2005), a court is
required to “consider” the aggravating and mitigating circumstances listed
in A.R.S. § 13-701 (Supp. 2015). A.R.S. § 13-752(Q)(2) (Supp. 2015).
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evidence as to what that pecuniary gain is. However, I think
there is a pretty strong inference that there was or was
expected to be pecuniary gain based on the evidence that was
there.
The court found no mitigating factors.
¶35 Appellant argues the court erred in considering pecuniary
gain as an aggravating factor in his sentencing. We find no error.
¶36 The preponderance of the trial evidence supports an inference
that Appellant murdered the victim in anticipation of the receipt of
something of pecuniary value. See State v. Martinez, 210 Ariz. 578, 585, ¶ 26,
115 P.3d 618, 625 (2005). Specifically, facts and inferences from the record
support the conclusion that Appellant stole the victim’s credit and debit
cards, took the meat slicer from the Home, lived in the Home rent-free after
the murder, and expected from Mors a share of the Home’s sale proceeds.
Accordingly, to whatever extent the court did consider pecuniary gain as
an aggravating factor when sentencing Appellant, no error occurred.9
¶37 Furthermore, Appellant does not challenge the propriety of
the remaining aggravating factors relied on by the court; thus, those factors
alone, absent the pecuniary gain aggravator, subjected Appellant to
aggravated sentences. See id. at 584, ¶ 21, 115 P.3d at 624 (noting that, once
an aggravating factor is properly found, a defendant is exposed to the
maximum statutory sentence). Accordingly, even if we were to conclude
that pecuniary gain was improperly considered in the first instance,
Appellant’s sentence would remain the same based on the court’s affording
considerable weight to the other applicable aggravating factors. See State v.
Hardwick, 183 Ariz. 649, 656-57, 905 P.2d 1384, 1391-92 (App. 1995) (“When
a trial court relies on both proper and improper factors in aggravating a
sentence, this court will uphold its decision only where the record clearly
shows the trial court would have reached the same result even without
consideration of the improper factors.” (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted)).
9 Also, the court did not abuse its discretion in affording pecuniary
gain the weight it did. See State v. Harvey, 193 Ariz. 472, 477, ¶ 25, 974 P.2d
451, 456 (App. 1998) (recognizing that weighing aggravating and mitigating
factors is a matter for the trial court’s sound discretion). Indeed, the court
afforded the factor little significance.
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CONCLUSION
¶38 Appellant’s convictions and sentences are affirmed.
:ama
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