Merrick v. Aboec

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
ANTHONY JAMES MERRICK, III, Plaintiff/Appellant,
v.
ARIZONA BOARD OF EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY, et al.,
Defendants/Appellees.
No. 1 CA-CV 19-0836
FILED 10-13-2020
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. LC2019-000173-001
The Honorable Douglas Gerlach, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Anthony James Merrick, III, Florence
Plaintiff/Appellant
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Kelly Gillilan-Gibson
Counsel for Defendants/Appellees
MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Cynthia J. Bailey delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Randall M. Howe and Chief Judge Peter B. Swann joined.
B A I L E Y, Judge:
¶1 Plaintiff/Appellant Anthony James Merrick, III, seeks review
of the superior court’s November 1, 2019 denial of special action relief. For
the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 In 2011, Merrick was convicted of several offenses related to
a fraudulent gift-card scheme and sentenced to thirty-five years’
imprisonment. See In re Merrick, No. 1 CA-CV 18-0719, 2019 WL 6133671,
at *1, ¶ 1 (Ariz. App. Nov. 19, 2019) (mem. decision). This court affirmed
his convictions in 2012. Id.; see State v. Merrick, 1 CA-CR 11-0549, 2012 WL
4955425, at *1, ¶ 1 (Ariz. App. Oct. 18, 2012) (mem. decision), review granted,
decision vacated. 1 Merrick twice sought post-conviction relief, and in both
cases this court granted review but denied relief. State v. Merrick, No. 1 CA-
CR 18-0656 PRPC, 2019 WL 386072, at *1, ¶ 4 (Ariz. App. Jan. 31, 2019)
(mem. decision); State v. Merrick, No. 1 CA-CR 15-0596 PRPC, 2017 WL
6567944 at *1, ¶ 4 (Ariz. App. Dec. 26, 2017) (mem. decision).
¶3 In June 2018, Merrick applied to the Arizona Board of
Executive Clemency (“Board”) for commutation of his sentence. See A.R.S.
§§ 31-441 to -446. Merrick received a month’s notice that an in-absentia
Phase I Commutation of Sentence Hearing was set for April 2019.2 After
the hearing, the Board voted not to pass Merrick’s application to Phase II.
1 See Arizona Supreme Court Minutes Regarding Petitions for Review
(Aug. 26, 2014), http://www.azcourts.gov/Portals/21/MinutesCurrent/
PR Min 082614.pdf (remanding for recommendation in light of Coleman v.
Johnsen, 235 Ariz. 195 (2014)).
2 Pursuant to the Board’s policy, commutation hearings proceed in
two phases. Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Bd. Policy # 115.6 4–5 (May 7,
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
¶4 A month later, Merrick attempted to appeal the Board’s
denial in the superior court pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 12-901 to -914. The State
moved to treat the challenge as a special action, arguing §§ 12-901 to -914
were inapplicable to Board decisions. The court granted the motion and
ordered Merrick to file a compliant petition for special action, and about
two months later, Merrick filed a petition in the superior court. He argued
the Board: (1) was not legally authorized to hear and determine his
application; (2) was required to pass his application to a Phase II hearing or
to make a recommendation to the governor; and (3) had a duty to provide
him the Board members’ names, access to hearing records, and appeal
rights.
¶5 The superior court accepted jurisdiction but denied relief. It
concluded Merrick had failed to support his first and second claims with
evidence and authority and was not denied due process. Merrick timely
appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to Article 6, Section 9, of the
Arizona Constitution and A.R.S. §§ 12-120.01(A)(1) and -2101(A)(1).
DISCUSSION
¶6 Merrick renews the arguments he brought before the superior
court. We construe these as challenges to the court’s conclusions that
Merrick: (1) failed to support his first argument with evidence; (2) failed to
support his second argument with authority; and (3) was not denied due
process.
I. Standard of Review
¶7 We review the superior court’s denial of special action relief
for an abuse of discretion. Am. Furniture Warehouse Co. v. Town of Gilbert,
245 Ariz. 156, 164, ¶ 30 (App. 2018). In doing so, “we view the facts in the
light most favorable to sustaining the court’s ruling.” Abeyta v. Soos ex rel.
Cty. of Pinal, 234 Ariz. 190, 192, ¶ 2 (App. 2014) (quoting Hornbeck v. Lusk,
217 Ariz. 581, 582, ¶ 2 (App. 2008)).
2018), https://boec.az.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/114-
Commutation%20of%20Sentence%20Rev%2005-2018.pdf. In Phase I, the
Board reviews the defendant’s application and the defendant is not present.
Id. § 6.2. After the Phase I hearing, the Board determines by vote whether
to pass the application to Phase II. Id. §§ 6.2, 6.4(a). The Phase II hearing
includes the defendant. Id. § 6.3. After the Phase II hearing, the Board votes
whether to recommend commutation to the governor. Id. § 6.4(b).
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
¶8 The Board has the sole power to make recommendations to
the governor for commutation of sentence. A.R.S. § 31-402(A), (C)(2).
Because of this, courts of this state are precluded from reviewing the
Board’s decisions. See Stinson v. Ariz. Bd. of Pardons & Paroles, 151 Ariz. 60,
61 (1986); see also In re Hamm, 211 Ariz. 458, 461, ¶ 8 n.2 (2005) (clarifying
that “[t]he Board of Pardons and Paroles is now the Arizona Board of
Executive Clemency”). “Judicial review is available, however, ‘to insure
that the requirements of due process have been met and that the . . . [B]oard
has acted within the scope of its powers.’” Stinson, 151 Ariz. at 61 (quoting
Cooper v. Ariz. Bd. of Pardons & Paroles, 149 Ariz. 182, 184 (1986)).
II. The superior court did not err by rejecting Merrick’s claim that the
Board was improperly constituted.
¶9 Merrick first argues the superior court erred by rejecting his
argument that the Board was improperly constituted. He claimed below
and in this court that all five members of the Board were in the same
profession in violation of A.R.S. § 31-401(B) (“No more than two members
from the same professional discipline shall be members of the board at the
same time.”) and the Due Process Clauses of the Arizona and United States
Constitutions.
¶10 The superior court did not err by rejecting this claim. As the
court noted, Merrick did not support his petition with any evidence
indicating the Board was improperly constituted. The State, in contrast,
provided evidence that the Board was properly constituted. “Generally,
the party asserting a claim for relief has the burden of proving the facts
essential to his claim.” Woerth v. City of Flagstaff, 167 Ariz. 412, 419 (App.
1990). Further, the superior court “is in the best position to . . . resolve
conflicting evidence,” Shah v. Vakharwala, 244 Ariz. 201, 204, ¶ 12 (App.
2018) (quotation omitted), and we will not reweigh conflicting evidence on
appeal, Femiano v. Maust, 248 Ariz. 613, 616, ¶ 14 (App. 2020). Because
Merrick failed to support his claim with evidence, and because the State
rebutted his claim, the superior court did not abuse its discretion by
rejecting Merrick’s argument that the Board was improperly constituted.
¶11 Because Merrick failed to show the Board was improperly
constituted, Merrick has also failed to show a violation of due process. See
Wigglesworth v. Mauldin, 195 Ariz. 432, 435, ¶ 6 (App. 1999) (“An inmate's
interest in commutation . . . does not by itself trigger due process
protections because there is no entitlement to reduction of a valid sentence.
. . . However, if state statutes mandate commutation or parole via specified
criteria, an interest protected by the Due Process Clause may arise.”)
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
(citations omitted). The court did not err by rejecting Merrick’s due process
claim.
III. The superior court did not err by rejecting Merrick’s claim that the
Board was required to pass Merrick’s application to a Phase II
hearing or to recommend commutation to the governor.
¶12 Merrick next argues the superior court erred by rejecting his
argument that the Board was required to pass his application to a Phase II
hearing or to recommend commutation to the governor. He argued below
and in this Court that substantive due process required the Board to pass
his application to Phase II or to recommend commutation.
¶13 The superior court did not err by rejecting this claim because
the Board: (1) has authority to “adopt rules, not inconsistent with law, as it
deems proper for the conduct of its business,” A.R.S. § 31-401(G); and (2)
has discretion to make commutation recommendations to the governor,
A.R.S. § 31-402(C).
¶14 To the extent Merrick challenges the Board’s Phase I/Phase II
framework, Merrick does not cite any legal authority indicating these rules
were inconsistent with law. See Woerth, 167 Ariz. at 419 (“Generally, the
party asserting a claim for relief has the burden of proving the facts essential
to his claim.”). We have found no authority indicating the Phase I/Phase
II framework is inconsistent with the law applicable to the Board or the
commutation process. See A.R.S. §§ 31-401 to -404 (statutes applicable to
the Board); A.R.S. §§ 31-441 to -446 (statutes applicable to reprieves,
commutations, and pardons).
¶15 To the extent Merrick argues the Board was required to make
a commutation recommendation, his argument fails. As Merrick
recognized in his petition for special action, § 31-402(C)(2) provides that the
Board, in relevant part,
may make recommendations to the governor for commutation
of sentence after finding by clear and convincing evidence
that the sentence imposed is clearly excessive given the nature
of the offense and the record of the offender and that there is
a substantial probability that when released the offender will
conform the offender’s conduct to the requirements of the
law.
(Emphasis added).
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
¶16 The statute gives the Board discretion to make
recommendations to the governor. See Clark v. Clark, 239 Ariz. 281, 282, ¶ 8
(App. 2016) (recognizing that a statute’s use of “may” when describing
exercise of authority generally connotes discretion). The discretion is not
without limits; before exercising discretion, the Board must first find by
“clear and convincing evidence that the sentence imposed is clearly
excessive given the nature of the offense and the record of the offender and
that there is a substantial probability that when released the offender will
conform the offender’s conduct to the requirements of the law.” A.R.S. § 31-
402(C)(2) (emphasis added); see Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 697 (2001)
(recognizing that although “may” indicates discretion, it does not
necessarily suggest unlimited discretion). However, because no other
language in the statute limits the Board’s discretion, the Board may refrain
from making a recommendation even if it makes these findings. Compare
A.R.S. § 31-402(C) (“the [Board] may . . . , after finding . . . .”) (emphasis
added), with A.R.S. § 8-873.01(C) (“If the court finds . . . , the court shall . . .
.”) (emphasis added); see Ross v. Blake, 136 S. Ct. 1850, 1856 (2016)
(characterizing “shall” as mandatory); see also Banks v. Ariz. State Bd. of
Pardons & Paroles, 129 Ariz. 199, 201 (App. 1981) (“[C]ommutation is a
matter of grace, not of right.”).
¶17 Here, Merrick was not restricted from presenting information
to the Board, and he was provided the requisite notice of the proceedings.3
There is no evidence of improper deliberations by the Board, and Merrick
has not otherwise established a violation of due process. Accordingly, the
trial court did not err by rejecting Merrick’s claim that § 31-402(C) or the
Arizona or United States Due Process Clauses required the Board to pass
3As stated supra ¶ 3, Merrick received a month’s notice of the hearing. The
notice identified the Board’s chairman, provided Merrick with the Board’s
address and phone number, and informed Merrick that “[a]ny written
statements for the Board[‘s] consideration should be submitted to the Board
office by the last day of the month prior to the scheduled month of the
hearing.” See Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Bd. Policy # 115.6 §§ 6.1-6.2 4,
https://boec.az.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/114-
Commutation%20of%20Sentence%20Rev%2005-2018.pdf (requiring Board
to consider all materials provided to it). The Board also published the date
of Merrick’s Phase I hearing on its Hearing Post Sheet. See Ariz. Bd. of Exec.
Clemency, Bd. Policy # 117.02 § 2.2.1 3 (July 6, 2017),
https://boec.az.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/117-
Board%20Hearing%20Calendar 0.pdf (requiring Board to publish a Notice
of Board Hearings on the Board’s website and to post a hard-copy in the
public area at the Board’s location).
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
his application to a Phase II hearing or make a recommendation to the
governor.
IV. The superior court did not err by rejecting Merrick’s claim that the
Board failed to provide him with reasons for denying his application,
the Board members’ names, and transcripts of the Phase I hearing.
¶18 Merrick next argues the superior court erred by rejecting his
claim that the Board failed to provide him with the reasons for the Board’s
denial, the Board members’ names, and transcripts of the Phase I hearing.
He asserts the Board’s failure to provide this information denied him due
process.
¶19 “An inmate’s interest in commutation of his sentence does not
by itself trigger due process protections because there is no entitlement to
reduction of a valid sentence.” Wigglesworth, 195 Ariz. at 435, ¶ 6.
“However, if state statutes mandate commutation or parole via specified
criteria, an interest protected by the Due Process Clause may arise.” Id. In
the context of commutation, this Court has held “[d]ue process of law
requires notice and an opportunity to be heard,” McGee v. Ariz. Bd. of
Pardons & Paroles, 92 Ariz. 317, 320 (1962), but it “does not require that
applicants for commutation be provided with reasons for [a] denial,” Banks,
129 Ariz. at 202.
¶20 The superior court did not err by concluding Merrick’s due
process rights were not violated. In the superior court, Merrick did not
identify any applicable statutes requiring the Board to provide him with the
Board members’ names and a transcript of the Phase I hearing, and our
review reveals no such requirement. See A.R.S. §§ 31-401 to -404 (statutes
applicable to the Board); A.R.S. § 31-441 to -446 (statutes regarding
reprieves, commutations, and pardons); Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Bd.
Policy # 114.1 to 114.7, https://boec.az.gov/sites/default/files
/documents/files/114-Commutation%20of%20Sentence%20Rev%2005-
2018.pdf (outlining “the general procedures and guidelines associated with
the eligibility and processing of Commutation of Sentence applications and
subsequent Board determinations”). Instead, Merrick cited §§ 12-904 and -
910, which are inapplicable to the Board’s decision. See State ex rel. Ariz. State
Bd. of Pardons & Paroles v. Superior Court, 12 Ariz. App. 77, 81 (1970) (holding
these statutes are “not available to review the recommendations or absence
of recommendations of the Board” because “in the field of commutation, at
least, the Board does not ‘adjudicate,’ it can only recommend or decline to
recommend”).
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MERRICK v. ABOEC, et al.
Decision of the Court
¶21 Absent statutory requirements, due process only requires
“notice and an opportunity to be heard,” McGee, 92 Ariz. at 320, which
Merrick received. Further, Board members’ names are publicly available,
see Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Board Members,
https://boec.az.gov/node/726 (last visited Oct. 2, 2020), and the Board
sent Merrick a CD audio recording of his commutation hearing upon
request, see Merrick v. Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, No. 1 CA-CV 19-0771, 2020
WL 3583259, at *1, ¶ 2 (Ariz. App. July 2, 2020) (mem. decision). The Board
also published the audio recording in accordance with Board policy. See
also Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Bd. Policy # 105.04 § 4.1 4 (July 6, 2017),
https://boec.az.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/105-Open
Meeting 0.pdf (stating “[t]he Board’s official record of its mandated
hearings relating to inmates . . . shall be audio copies of each hearing,” and
requiring the Board’s executive director to “ensure that a copy of the
recording or the minutes of any hearing . . . be made available for public
review within three business days, excluding holidays, after a hearing”);
Ariz. Bd. of Exec. Clemency, Board Weekly Agenda (April 11, 2019),
https://boec.az.gov/board-hearing-minutes/april-11-2019 (last visited
Oct. 2, 2020) (providing audio recording of Merrick’s Phase I hearing). The
superior court correctly concluded that Merrick’s due process rights were
not violated.
CONCLUSION
¶22 Because the superior court did not abuse its discretion by
denying relief, we affirm.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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