Muntaqim v. Hobbs

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SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-15-789
Opinion Delivered: March 16, 2017
MALIK MUNTAQIM, ADC #088633
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE JEFFERSON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 35CV-15-184]
RAY HOBBS, Director of Arkansas HONORABLE JODI RAINES
Department Correction; GAYLON LAY, DENNIS, JUDGE
Warden of Cummins Unit; LARRY MAY,
Chief Deputy Director; GRANT HARRIS, DISMISSED IN PART; REVERSED
Deputy Director; WENDY KELLEY, Deputy AND REMANDED IN PART.
Director; RAYMOND NAYLOR, Internal
Affairs Administrator; RANDY WATSON,
Warden of Varner Unit; MARVIN EVANS,
Deputy Director; EDDIE SELVEY, Deputy
Warden ADC; CRYSTAL WOOD,
Classification Officer Cummins Unit;
MICHELLE WILLIAMS, Deputy Warden
Cummins Unit; PATRICIA BAXTER,
Mailroom Supervisor Cummins Unit;
LEONARD BANKS, Chaplain of Cummins
Unit; SGT S. COOK, Correctional Officer
Cummins Unit; TIFFANYE COMPTON,
Grievance Coordinator Central Office;
DENNISE ALEXANDER, Publication
Review Central Office; JAN SCUSSELL,
Publication Review Central Office; TAMI
AIKEN, Publication Review Central Office;
JOHN M. WHEELER, Religious
Administrator Central Office; APRIL
GIBSON, Grievance Officer Cummins Unit;
LISA R. HALL, Grievance Officer Cummins
Unit; MUHAMMAD AMEEN, Islamic
Chaplain Central Office
APPELLEES
SHAWN A. WOMACK, Associate Justice
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Appellant, Malik Muntaqim, is an inmate in the custody of the Arkansas Department
of Correction (“ADC”), Ouachita Unit. He claims that he was denied access to certain
religious publications and the right to lead Nation of Islam religious services while in the
custody of the ADC. Muntaqim claims these two restrictions violate his rights under the
First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Religious Land
Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”) 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000cc (2000), et seq., and
the Arkansas Constitution. Muntaqim is appealing the circuit court’s denial of his motion
for summary judgment and a preliminary injunction. We dismiss the appellant’s appeal from
the motion for summary judgment and reverse and remand to the circuit court to hold a
hearing on his motion for preliminary injunction.
Facts and Procedural Background
Muntaqim asserts that he is a member of the Nation of Islam (“NOI”), an alternative
branch of Islam, and that the literature developed by the ministers of NOI is essential to the
practice of his faith. The NOI publishes a weekly periodical entitled The Final Call, which,
he alleges, is the primary means through which NOI members receive religious instruction
and propagate their religion.
On April 20, 2015, Muntaqim filed a complaint against twenty-two employees of
the ADC alleging violations of his civil rights. Muntaqim attached thirteen Department of
Correction-level grievances from the Ouachita, Cummins, and Varner Units to support his
claims. In the various grievances, Muntaqim alleges violations of his rights from the denial
of The Final Call, due-process violations for ADC’s failure to follow its policies regarding
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publication reviews, retaliations based on the grievances that he filed, and violations of his
rights for not being allowed to lead NOI religious services.
On July 10, 2015, Muntaqim filed a pro se motion for a preliminary injunction,
summary judgment, and default judgment, specifically seeking to enjoin the defendants from
violating his rights. On August 10, 2015, the Jefferson County Circuit Court denied
Muntaqim’s motion without holding a hearing on the merits. The court stated that granting
the injunction would alter the status quo between the parties and that Muntaqim had not
demonstrated that he could succeed on the merits. Muntaqim filed a motion to amend the
judgment, which was denied. He then appealed the circuit court’s order.
Denial of Summary Judgment
Appellant argues that the circuit court erred when it denied his motion for summary
judgment. Our rules of appellate procedure require that an order be final to be appealable.
Ark. R. App. P. –Civ. 2 (2016); Denney v. Denney, 2015 Ark. 257, at 4, 464 S.W.3d 920,
922. A denial of a motion for summary judgment is not a final, appealable order and does
not fit into one of the exceptions under our rules. Denney, 2015 Ark. 257, at 4, 464 S.W.3d
at 922. We therefore cannot address the circuit court’s denial of this motion on appeal.
Denial of the Preliminary Injunction
The appellant argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a
preliminary injunction because he claims to have proven that he can succeed on the merits.
We will not reverse a circuit court’s denial of a preliminary injunction unless it is an abuse
of discretion. AJ & K Operating Co. v. Smith, 355 Ark. 510, 517, 140 S.W.3d 475, 480
(2004). An abuse of discretion means a decision exercised thoughtlessly and without due
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consideration. Jones v. Double “D” Props., Inc., 352 Ark. 39, 48, 98 S.W.3d 405, 410 (2003).
Our case law indicates that an injunction is an extraordinary right reserved for extraordinary
circumstances. Drummond Citizens Ins. Co. v. Sergeant, 266 Ark. 611, 621, 588 S.W.2d 419,
424 (1979). In determining whether to issue a preliminary injunction the trial court must
consider two things: (1) whether irreparable harm will result in the absence of an injunction,
and (2) whether the moving party has demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits.
AJ & K Operating Co., 355 Ark. at 517, 140 S.W.3d at 480. The moving party bears the
burden to prove a “reasonable probability of success” on the merits. Custom Microsystems,
Inc. v. Blake, 344 Ark. 536, 542, 42 S.W.3d 453, 457 (2001). Lastly, “when considering an
order which grants or denies an injunction, this court will not delve into the merits of the
case further than is necessary to determine whether the trial court exceeded its discretion.”
Doe v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 357 Ark. 413, 417, 182 S.W.3d 107, 109 (2004).
When the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure are “substantially identical” to the
corresponding Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, we may consider federal interpretations.
Grand River Enters. Six Nations, Ltd. v. Beebe, 372 Ark. 384, 386, 277 S.W.3d 171, 173
(2008); see also City of Fort Smith v. Carter, 364 Ark. 100, 107, 216 S.W.3d 594, 598 (2005);
Smith v. Washington, 340 Ark. 460, 464, 10 S.W.3d 877, 880 (2000). Arkansas Rule of Civil
Procedure 65 is “substantially identical” to the federal rules, as amended in 2009, and we
therefore find federal interpretation of that rule to be instructive. Ark. R. Civ. P. 65 addition
to reporter’s notes to 2011 Amendment.
A federal court’s decision to grant or deny a preliminary injunction will be reviewed
for an abuse of discretion. All Care Nursing Serv., Inc. v. Bethesda Mem’l Hosp., Inc., 887 F.2d
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1535, 1537 (11th Cir. 1989). Both this court and federal courts have stated that a hearing
regarding a preliminary injunction is not required in all circumstances. Fort Smith Symphony
Orchestra, Inc. v. Fort Smith Symphony Ass’n, Inc., 285 Ark. 284, 287, 686 S.W.2d 418, 420
(1985) (noting that a temporary injunction may issue without any hearing where there are
affidavits or a verified complaint alleging irreparable harm without relief); All Care Nursing
Serv., Inc. v. Bethesda Mem'l Hosp., Inc., 887 F.2d 1535, 1538 (11th Cir. 1989) (noting that
an evidentiary hearing is not always required before the court may issue a preliminary
injunction). However, when the outcome of a preliminary injunction turns on disputed
facts, the court should hold a hearing before resolving the motion. Forts v. Ward, 566 F.2d
849, 852 (2d Cir. 1977); see also Arrowpoint Capital Corp. v. Arrowpoint Asset Mgmt., LLC,
793 F.3d 313, 324 (3d Cir. 2015); Commerce Park at DFW Freeport v. Mardian Constr. Co.,
729 F.2d 334, 341 (5th Cir. 1984); All Care Nursing Serv., Inc., 887 F.2d, at 1538.
The appellant in this case has raised allegations which, if proven correct, could
constitute substantial violations of religious liberty rights under the First Amendment and
RLUIPA. Specifically, the appellant has made claims that he was denied certain religious
texts that are required for him to practice his faith and that the ADC’s policy prohibits him
from conducting NOI religious services in conformity with his faith. The Supreme Court
has clearly stated that the denial of First Amendment rights, even for minimal amounts of
time, constitutes irreparable harm. Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347, 373 (1976). Both allegations
could, after a determination of the facts, potentially rise to the level of infringements of the
appellant’s religious liberties. The circuit court denied appellant’s motion based on the
documents before it and did not hold a hearing on the merits. Based on the record before
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us, we are convinced that it was an abuse of the court’s discretion to not hold a hearing on
the appellant’s motion.
However, our holding today is limited to the circumstances presented in this case,
and we do not hold that a hearing must be held on every preliminary injunction. We are
satisfied that an abuse of discretion occurred when the allegations could constitute
irreparable harm to the appellant’s religious liberties and the allegations arise from disputed
facts which could change the outcome of the injunction. The complexity and the rights in
question warrant a hearing below. We therefore reverse and remand for the circuit court to
hold a hearing on appellant’s motion for preliminary injunction.
Dismissed in part; reversed and remanded in part.
Malik Muntaqim, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Charles Lyford, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellees.
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