Bowerman v. State

Cite as 2015 Ark. 350SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CR-14-640
ARBURY CHARLES BOWERMAN Opinion Delivered October 1, 2015
APPELLANT
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE LOGAN
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 42CR-11-86]
STATE OF ARKANSAS HONORABLE JERRY DON RAMEY,
APPELLEE JUDGE
AFFIRMED.
PER CURIAM
Appellant Arbury Charles Bowerman brings this appeal from the denial of his petition
seeking postconviction relief under Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1 (2014). He fails
to demonstrate clear error, and we affirm the order denying relief.
In 2012, Bowerman was convicted of aggravated robbery, residential burglary, and third-
degree battery, and he was sentenced to an aggregate term of 540 months’ imprisonment in the
Arkansas Department of Correction. The Arkansas Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment.
Bowerman v. State, 2014 Ark. App. 221.
The evidence presented at trial was that at least three masked men entered Larry Brown’s
home during the early morning hours on August 28, 2011. The men demanded money and
property, then held Brown’s family in the house while two of them accompanied Brown to a
shed to look for valuables. Brown got away, scuffled with the men, biting one on the hand, and
eventually returned to the house. The men fled before the police arrived. Brown testified that
he had gotten something in his mouth when he bit one of the intruders, and he said that he spat
Cite as 2015 Ark. 350it into a plastic baggie and gave it to the police. DNA testing indicated that the material in the
baggie contained a mixture of Brown’s and Bowerman’s DNA. On appeal, Bowerman
unsuccessfully challenged the admission of the lab reports.
Bowerman filed a timely Rule 37.1 petition in the circuit court in which he raised a
number of claims alleging ineffective assistance of both trial and appellate counsel. The State
filed a general denial of the petition in response. The court denied the petition, finding that a
hearing was not necessary because it could determine from a review of the files and record of
the case that the petition was without merit. The order listed the claims from the petition and
then addressed allegations concerning deficient performance by the trial attorney and counsel
on appeal that were contained in the claims. The court found that Bowerman’s allegations were
conclusory; that, although Bowerman contended trial counsel should have adopted a different
trial strategy, Bowerman failed to identify an alternate strategy or theory of the case to explain
the evidence; and that Bowerman did not allege facts to support a finding of prejudice for the
claims. The order also pointed to specific evidence offered at trial in support of the judgment,
and the court found that Bowerman had not met his burden to demonstrate ineffective
assistance.
This court will not reverse the trial court’s decision granting or denying postconviction
relief unless it is clearly erroneous. Houghton v. State, 2015 Ark. 252, 464 S.W.3d 922. A finding
is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after
reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has
been committed. Id.
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Cite as 2015 Ark. 350On appeal, Bowerman raises three points alleging error. Bowerman first alleges that the
circuit court erred in failing to appoint counsel to represent him in the Rule 37.1 proceedings.
Next, Bowerman alleges that the court did not address the claims in the petition and that it was
error to deny the petition with no more than a general denial from the State. Finally, Bowerman
alleges error in the denial of the petition without a hearing.
Bowerman’s first point is based on his contention that the circuit court was required to
appoint counsel to represent him for the Rule 37.1 proceedings. Bowerman asserts that it was
error for the court not to appoint counsel because he was entitled to counsel under the United
States Supreme Court’s holdings in Martinez v. Ryan, 132 S. Ct. 1309 (2012) and Trevino v. Thaler,
133 S. Ct. 1911 (2013). Those decisions, however, do not dictate that counsel must be
appointed in postconviction proceedings. Mancia v. State, 2015 Ark. 115, 459 S.W.3d 259.
Moreover, Bowerman did not cite the cases in his request for counsel or make an argument that
counsel was required. Instead, he indicated that appointment of counsel was discretionary under
Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.3(b). The argument Bowerman now makes was not
before the circuit court and was not preserved for appeal. See Watson v. State, 2014 Ark. 203, 444
S.W.3d 835 (holding that, where only a general request for counsel was made below, the
argument that appointment of counsel was required under Martinez raised the issue for the first
time on appeal and was therefore not preserved for appeal).
Bowerman next contends that it was error for the circuit court to dispose of his petition
using an analysis of his claims that was not proposed by the State in its response and that this
independent analysis was inappropriate. The State is not, however, required to file a response
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Cite as 2015 Ark. 350to a Rule 37.1 petition under Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.2. Ark. R. Crim. P. 37.2(f)
(“Within twenty (20) days after service of a petition under this rule, the state may file a response
thereto.”). Rule 37.3 nevertheless permits summary disposition of a Rule 37.1 petition where
the files and records of the case conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief.
Ark. R. Crim. P. 37.3(a). Our rules clearly contemplate that the court may examine the claims
in a Rule 37.1 petition independently and dispose of the petition summarily where it makes
appropriate written findings in support of the summary disposition under Rule 37.3(a).
Bowerman’s last claim alleges that error resulted when the circuit court denied relief
without permitting him an opportunity to expand on the allegations in his petition at a hearing.
He contends that, because he did not have counsel representing him, he poorly articulated the
basis for his claims, that is, he did not fully describe the theory of the case that his attorney
should have pursued. Some of Bowerman’s claims were based on assertions that counsel should
have pursued a defense strategy other than the one used, but the circuit court found that
Bowerman did not identify an alternate theory of the case that counsel should have employed
instead.
Our standard for ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims is the two-prong analysis set
forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). Rasul v. State, 2015 Ark. 118, 458 S.W.3d
722. To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must show that (1)
counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced his defense.
Mister v. State, 2014 Ark. 446. Unless a petitioner makes both showings, the allegations do not
meet the benchmark for assessing a claim of ineffective assistance. Houghton, 2015 Ark. 252, 464
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Cite as 2015 Ark. 350S.W.3d 922.
A claimant must show that there is a reasonable probability that the fact-finder’s decision
would have been different absent counsel’s alleged errors in order to meet the second prong of
the test. Sales v. State, 2014 Ark. 384, 441 S.W.3d 883. A reasonable probability is a probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. The burden is entirely on
the claimant to provide facts that affirmatively support his claims of prejudice. Mister, 2014 Ark.
446. In assessing prejudice, courts “must consider the totality of the evidence before the judge
or jury.” Rasul, 2015 Ark. 118, at 7, 458 S.W.3d at 727 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 695).
Bowerman contends that he sufficiently identified an alternative theory of the case for
a different strategy because he alleged that counsel should have based the defense on the theory
that the events on August 28, 2011, were a “drug deal gone bad,” rather than a robbery, that
Brown had staged a robbery, and that Bowerman was not a participant in the events at issue.
The circuit court was not clearly erroneous in determining that these allegations did not provide
a factual basis to support a finding of prejudice and that Bowerman had failed to show a
different sequence of events that counsel might have successfully adopted as an alternative
theory of the case.
Bowerman’s conclusory allegation that Brown and the other witnesses were untruthful
about the nature of the events provided no cohesive explanation for the physical evidence that
supported Brown’s account. The court pointed to evidence that Brown had wounds on his body
that were consistent with his version of events and that there was testimony from a witness
about one of the intruder’s voices, in addition to the DNA evidence, that placed Bowerman at
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Cite as 2015 Ark. 350the scene. There was no showing that, if counsel had adopted this proposed alternate theory of
the case, there was a reasonable probability that the jury’s decision would have been different.
Our rules do not require circuit courts to hold a hearing on every petition. Houghton,
2015 Ark. 252, 464 S.W.3d 922. The circumstances here are similar to those in Houghton in that
the circuit court provided findings of fact that detailed the allegations and pointed to portions
of the record that supported its conclusion that the allegations lacked factual support. Despite
Bowerman’s contention to the contrary, his Rule 37.1 petition was without merit, not simply
because he failed to articulate his claims well, but because he failed to include allegations of facts
that, if proven, would have demonstrated prejudice from the alleged errors by counsel.
Where the files and record of the case conclusively show that the appellant was not
entitled to relief, the circuit court was not clearly erroneous to deny relief without a hearing. See
Mancia, 2015 Ark. 115, 459 S.W.3d 259. Because Bowerman has failed to show any reversible
error by the circuit court, we affirm the denial of postconviction relief.
Affirmed.
Arbury Charles Bowerman, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Valerie Glover Fortner, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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