Smith v. McNair

Ed. F. McFaddin, Associate Justice.

The purpose of this suit is to determine the constitutionality of Act No. 70 of the Arkansas General Assembly of 1951, which Act is captioned: “An Act Directing the Issuance of Hunting and Fishing Licenses to Persons Sixty-five (65) Tears of Age and Over Without Fee or Charge Therefor.” The first sentence of the Act reads: “After the effective date of this Act any resident of this State who has attained the age of sixty-five (65) years shall be entitled to have issued to him upon application therefor a license to hunt and fish in this State without payment of any fee or charge therefor”.

Appellant, as plaintiff below, filed suit for declaratory judgment and mandamus. The complaint alleged that the plaintiff was a citizen and resident of Arkansas over the age of 65 years; that the defendant was the Circuit Clerk of Pulaski County; that the plaintiff, with due proof, applied to defendant for a free fishing license under the provisions of said Act No. 70 of 1951; and that defendant refused to issue such license, making the claim that the Act was unconstitutional.¹ The defendant’s demurrer to the complaint was sustained; and from a judgment dismissing the complaint there is this appeal.

We conclude that the Trial Court was correct, because the Act No. 70 of 1951 is unconstitutional. Amendment No. 35 to the Arkansas Constitution was adopted in November 1944; and the amendment² has this positive language: “Resident hunting and fishing license, each, shall be One and 50/100 Dollars annually, and shall not exceed this amount unless a higher license fee is authorized by an act of the legislature. The Commission shall have the exclusive power and authority to issue licenses and permits, . . .”

The quoted language does several things: (a) it puts a floor on the license fee at $1.50 per annum, but gives the Legislature power to increase the fee to a greater amount, as the Legislature has done³ by Act No. 190 of 1957; and (b) it vests the Commission, and not the Legislature, with “exclusive power and authority to issue licenses and permits”. Thus, after the 1944 Constitutional Amendment became effective, all the Legislature could do, as regards license fees, was to determine an increase: the Legislature had no power to say⁴ who might be entitled to free license. Amendment No. 35 expressly limits the legislative power as regards license fees, and vests the Commission with “exclusive power and authority to issue licenses and permits”. This constitutional language is crystal clear.

Affirmed.

1 In 1953 the then Attorney General of Arkansas gave an opinion that the Act was unconstitutional; and in 1958 the present Attorney General of Arkansas gave an opinion that the Act was unconstitutional ; so the defendant was merely following official legal advice in claiming the Act to be unconstitutional.

2 We have considered this amendment in a number of cases, some of which are: W. R. Wrape Stave Co. v. Ark. State Game & Fish Comm., 215 Ark. 229, 219 S. W. 2d 948; Hampton v. Ark. State Game & Fish Comm., 218 Ark. 757, 238 S. W. 2d 950; State Game & Fish Comm. v. Hornaday, 219 Ark. 184, 242 S. W. 2d 342; Shellnut v. Ark. State Game & Fish Comm., 222 Ark. 25, 258 S. W. 2d 570; State ex rel Wright v. Casey, 225 Ark. 149, 279 S. W. 2d 819; and Farris v. Ark. State Game & Fish Comm., 228 Ark. 776, 310 S. W. 2d 231.

3 A nice question could be posed as to whether the Act No. 190 of 1957 impliedly repealed the Act No. 70 of 1951, even if the 1951 Act had been constitutional; but our present decision renders such question immaterial.

4 Appellant argues that the classification, by age of 65, is a reasonable classification. Such an argument might be made if we were considering Constitutional Amendment No. 14, which prohibits special legislation, but that Amendment is not the one ruling in this case.