Judges: MARK PRYOR, Attorney General
Filed Date: 10/9/2001
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 7/5/2016
Colonel Don Melton, Director Arkansas State Police 1 State Police Plaza Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72209
Dear Colonel Melton:
I am writing in response to your request for an opinion on the legality of issuing concealed handgun licenses to individuals with expunged felony convictions. You have reviewed previous Attorney General opinions on this question, but note that recent rulings from the Arkansas Supreme Court may require revisiting the issue. You cite State v. Warren, CR 00-1179 ___ S.W.3d ___ (July 9, 2001) and State v. Ross,
It will be helpful to set out the surrounding law prior to restating and addressing your questions.
The Director of the State Police is charged with the duty of administering the concealed handgun licensing law, codified at A.C.A. §§
As you indicate, however, at least two other acts of the General Assembly are relevant in determining the application of the felon-in-possession statute to individual applicants. The first is Act 346 of 1975, as amended, which is now codified at A.C.A. §§
(a)(1)(A) Whenever an accused enters a plea of guilty or nolo contendere prior to an adjudication of guilt, the judge of the circuit or municipal court, criminal or traffic division, in the case of a defendant who has not been previously convicted of a felony, without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of the defendant, may defer further proceedings and place the defendant on probation for a period of not less than one (1) year, under such terms and conditions as may be set by the court.
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(2) Upon violation of a term or condition, the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided.
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(b) Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions of probation or upon release by the court prior to the termination period thereof, the defendant shall be discharged without court adjudication of guilt, whereupon the court shall enter an appropriate order which shall effectively dismiss the case, discharge the defendant, and expunge the record, if consistent with the procedures established in §
16-90-901 et seq. [Emphasis added.]
It has been held that if all the requirements of Act 346 are followed, and the record is expunged, the adjudication does not constitute a "conviction." See Duncan v. State,
For purposes of possessing a firearm, however, even proper Act 346 adjudications are deemed "convictions" by the second act you reference, Act 595 of 1995. That act, which was never codified in the Arkansas Code by the Arkansas Code Revision Commission,2 amended A.C.A. §
A determination by a jury or a court that a person committed a felony shall constitute a conviction even though the person was placed on probation, received suspension of imposition or execution of sentence, had his conviction expunged pursuant to any act, or was entitled to have his conviction expunged under any act, except that a person who pleads guilty or nolo contendere or is found guilty of a felony in circuit court may lawfully possess a firearm only if his right to do so is subsequently restored by the Governor pursuant to either subsection (d)(1) or subsection (d)(2) of this section or is otherwise authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.
The effect of Act 595 was to render persons with expunged felony convictions, or those who are entitled to have their convictions expunged, "ineligible" to carry firearms. According to Act 595 they could be prosecuted for the crime of "felon-in-possession" of a firearm. Again, however, Act 595 was never codified, and there has in the past been some controversy over whether it applied to felony offenses adjudicated prior to its effective date. That is, questions arose as to whether a pre-Act 595 felony adjudication by a circuit court, which was later expunged (either before or after Act 595's effective date), could be used as an underlying offense to support a subsequent felon-in-possession charge. My predecessor, in Opinion
You pose the following questions:
1. Does the Arkansas concealed handgun licensing law, Ark. Code Ann. §
5-73-309 , require that a felony conviction must be pardoned and have firearm rights restored before a concealed handgun license must be issued?2. If the answer is no, under what circumstances must the Arkansas State Police treat expunged/sealed felony criminal records as if they do not exist?
3. How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felony record for persons whose felony records were sealed and expunged under Act 346 of 1975 before the effective date of Act 595 of 1995?
4. How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felony record for persons who were sentenced under Act 346 of 1975 and sentencing to [sic] place prior to the effective date of Act 595 of 1995, but whose records were not sealed and expunged until after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995?
5. How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felony record for persons who were convicted and their records were sealed and expunged under Act 346 of 1975 after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995?
RESPONSE
I assume your first question has reference only to defendants sentenced under Act 346 of 1975. If that is the case, then the answer to your first question depends upon whether the sentencing took place before or after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995. (It may also depend upon the facts and order relating to a particular defendant, see n. 3, infra). Those defendants properly sentenced under Act 346 prior to Act 595's effective date, who later receive a valid expungement, need not have a specific pardon or restoration of firearms rights to receive a concealed carry license. Those defendants sentenced under Act 346 after Act 595's effective date who later have their records expunged will need a specific pardon, restoration of firearms rights or some type of authorization by the United States Treasury Department in order to be entitled to the issuance of a concealed handgun license. In answer to your second question, the State Police need not treat criminal records as though they don't exist, but must, rather, determine whether individual defendants are prohibited by law from possessing a firearm under A.C.A. §
Question 1 — Does the Arkansas concealed handgun licensing law, Ark. CodeAnn. §
I assume, because of the background information you have supplied, that this question has reference to expunged felony convictions under Act 346 of 1975.3 In my opinion the answer to your question depends upon whether the sentencing took place before or after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995. I reach this conclusion in light of the Arkansas Supreme Court's recent decisions in State v. Warren, CR 00-1179 ___ S.W.3d ___ (July 9, 2001) and State v. Ross,
Ross was decided first. The defendant in Ross was sentenced in 1994 for possession of a controlled substance under A.C.A. §
A similar conclusion was reached in Warren v. State, CR 00-1179, ___ S.W.3d ___ (July 9, 2001). In Warren, the defendant had been sentenced in 1977 under Act 346 for burglary and theft of property. He obtained an expungement of the record in 1997. The state filed a felon-in-possession charge against him on March 1, 2000. The trial court dismissed the felon-in-possession charge based upon the expungement, which it concluded could not be used as a "predicate" felony to support the felon-in-possession charge. Again the State appealed, alleging that Act 595 of 1995 applied and rendered the 1977 adjudication, though expunged, a sufficient predicate felony to support the charge. The Supreme Court affirmed the dismissal of the felon-in-possession charge, citing Ross and again holding that Act 595 cannot be applied "retroactively." The law as it existed at the time of sentencing controls. Id.
Your questions involve how these court cases impact the issuance of concealed handgun licenses under A.C.A. §
On the other hand, persons sentenced under Act 346 after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995, who later comply with the terms of their probation and have their records expunged, will need either a specific pardon, a restoration of firearms rights under A.C.A. §
Question 2 — If the answer is no, under what circumstances must theArkansas State Police treat expunged/sealed felony criminal records as ifthey do not exist?
In my opinion the Arkansas State Police is not obligated to treat such criminal records as though they don't exist. The task of the State Police with regard to the issuance of concealed handgun licenses under these facts is to determine whether the applicant is ineligible to possess a firearm. As noted above, a valid expungement arising from a sentence entered under Act 346 prior to March 13, 1995 does not render an applicant "ineligible" to possess a firearm under Ross and Warren.
Question 3 — How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felonyrecord for persons whose felony records were sealed and expunged underAct 346 of 1975 before the effective date of Act 595 of 1995?
See above. The date of sentencing is the pertinent date and if it occurred prior to March 13, 1995, and all the proper procedures were followed to effect a valid expungement, the applicant is not ineligible to possess a firearm.
Question 4 — How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felonyrecord for persons who were sentenced under Act 346 of 1975 andsentencing to [sic] place prior to the effective date of Act 595 of1995, but whose records were not sealed and expunged until after theeffective date of Act 595 of 1995?
See above. The date of sentencing is the pertinent date and if it occurred prior to March 13, 1995, and all the proper procedures were followed to effect a valid expungement, the applicant is not ineligible to possess a firearm. The fact that the expungement was not obtained until after the effective date of Act 595 of 1995 is immaterial. That was the case in both Ross and Warren and the court's opinions resulted in each defendant being eligible to possess a firearm.
Question 5 — How must the State Police treat an expunged/sealed felonyrecord for persons who were convicted and their records were sealed andexpunged under Act 346 of 1975 after the effective date of Act 595 of1995?
I interpret this question as involving defendants sentenced under Act 346 after the effective date of Act 595 (March 13, 1995). In my opinion these persons will need either a specific pardon under A.C.A. §
Senior Assistant Attorney General Elana C. Wills prepared the foregoing opinion, which I hereby approve.
Sincerely,
MARK PRYOR Attorney General
MP:ECW/cyh