Whitehead v. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs.

Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 42
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-15-550
BENNIE WHITEHEAD Opinion Delivered January 27, 2016
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
TENTH DIVISION
[NO. JN-2014-1113]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR HONORABLE JOYCE WILLIAMS
CHILD WARREN, JUDGE
APPELLEES
REVERSED AND REMANDED
BART F. VIRDEN, Judge
Bennie Whitehead appeals an order entered in the Pulaski County Circuit Court on
May 27, 2015, that terminated his parental rights. We reverse and remand.
I. Facts
On August 14, 2014, the Pulaski County Circuit Court entered an ex parte order for
emergency custody of M.B.1 and his twin sister M.B.2 (born 8/1/14) due to reports that the
mother, Tawana Bryles, was mentally unstable. No father was listed on the children’s birth
certificates, and, at the time of the order, the father’s identity was unknown. On August 21,
2014, the circuit court entered a probable-cause order that named Bennie Whitehead as the
putative father of the twins.1 In its order, the circuit court advised Whitehead that he had no
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In April 2015, DNA test results showed that Whitehead was the father of only one
of the twins, M.B.1. Until that time, the parties involved in the case assumed that Whitehead
was the only putative father. After this discovery, a man known only as “Sunny” was named
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 42
right to an attorney at that time because the juveniles had not been removed from his custody,
and the circuit court directed the Department of Human Services (the Department) to serve
Whitehead with a copy of the petition and summons. Whitehead was served with a summons
on September 23, 2014.
On September 25, 2015, the circuit court held a hearing on the matter, and an
adjudication and disposition order was entered on October 13, 2015. The order directed the
Department, Bryles, and Whitehead to “take appropriate steps to resolve the issue of
paternity.” In the order, the Department was given the following instruction: “make all
referrals and ensure that the referrals are sent to the appropriate provider(s) within ten (10)
days.” The circuit court also noted that “Putative father, Bennie Whitehead, does not want
to participate in any services until he has had a DNA test and is found to be the father of the
juveniles.”
A review hearing took place on January 29, 2015, and the circuit court entered its
written order on February 5, 2015. In its order, the circuit court found that Whitehead was
in compliance with its order and the case plan, as was the Department; however, the circuit
court noted that the Department had testified that no DNA test had been performed at that
time but that Whitehead’s DNA test was set for February 20, 2015. In its order, the circuit
court denied Whitehead’s request to visit the children, and it found that “if the DNA test
results determine Mr. Whitehead is the juveniles’ biological father; he shall visit the juveniles,
as arranged by him and DHS. Those visits shall be supervised by DHS and shall occur once
a putative father, and he is not involved in this appeal.
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each week for one (1) hour. . . .” The circuit court also found that “Mr. Whitehead, the
putative father, has not established significant contacts with the juvenile; therefore, putative
rights do not attach, and he is not entitled to a court appointed attorney for representation at
the termination of parental rights hearing. He is advised of the right to hire an attorney for
the termination of parental rights adjudication.” The circuit court directed the Department
to file the termination-of-parental-rights petition during the week of February 20–27, 2015,
(the same week during which Whitehead’s DNA test was scheduled to occur), and it set the
date for the termination hearing for May 7, 2015.
The Department filed the petition for termination on February 24, 2015, four days
after Whitehead’s DNA test had been performed. The Department noted that Whitehead’s
parental rights had not been established and that the circuit court found that Whitehead had
not proved significant contacts; therefore, Whitehead’s parental rights as a putative father had
not attached. The Department also requested that Whitehead’s parental rights be terminated
along with Bryles’s due to subsequent factors that had arisen since the case had begun.
Specifically, the Department alleged that Whitehead had been ordered to establish his
paternity, and he had not complied with this order. The Department also alleged that “Mr.
Whitehead has stated that he does not want services until he has scientific evidence that the
children are biologically his. He has manifested the incapacity or indifference to remedy the
subsequent factors or rehabilitate his circumstances.”
The Department filed an amended petition for termination of parental rights on April
24, 2015. In its petition, the Department alleged that Whitehead had delayed the DNA
testing, though the Department did not state how Whitehead was responsible for the delay.
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The Department also alleged that Whitehead had shown indifference to remedy the
subsequent factors. The Department alleged that Mr. Whitehead had failed to keep in contact
with the Department at the time the amended petition was filed. In the petition, the
Department stated that “aggravated circumstances” grounds also existed as to Whitehead:
Mr. Whitehead delayed providing DNA testing in this case which has resulted in him
becoming a possible participant at the 11th hour. At the time of this filing, Mr.
Whitehead has not kept in contact with the Department in order to do everything he
can to get his child placed with him.
The termination hearing was held on May 20, 2015. The circuit court acknowledged
that Whitehead had been present at all of the hearings. The circuit court noted that he had
requested that he be offered no services because he wanted to wait and see if a DNA test
proved that he was the father of the children. The court stated that because he refused
services, his request for visitation was denied until he was determined to be the biological
father. The circuit court found that Whitehead had not established significant contact with
the child, therefore his putative rights had not attached.
The attorney ad litem urged the court to proceed carefully as to the issue of how
Whitehead’s rights were disposed of, if he had any:
[W]e do believe that he has had enough contact that we would want to proceed with
caution and terminate any rights that he might have with the two grounds that Ms.
Johnson mentioned. Of course, the court could always find that no significant contacts
have attached and dismiss him that way-
In response, the court stated,
The fact that he is the biological father with DNA testing does not elevate him to the
right of a parent. He’s not a parent yet; he’s not a legal father until there’s a
determination of paternity, that’s with a court order or a paternity acknowledgment.
He doesn’t have any one of those that I know of and he may, and that’s what I need
to find . . . .
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The court questioned Whitehead to resolve the question of whether he had established
either paternity or significant contact with the child. Whitehead explained that he had taken
the DNA test and that he had received the results “a month or two ago.” Whitehead testified
that when he had received the notification, he had arranged visitation, and he had taken
advantage of each of the three visits he had been allotted.
The circuit court asked Whitehead if he had an order of paternity showing that he was
the legal father. Whitehead attempted to present the court with his DNA test results, and the
circuit court informed him that a DNA test was insufficient and that a court order of paternity
was necessary.
The Department moved that Whitehead be dismissed from the case based on the
circuit court’s finding that he had not established significant contacts such that parental rights
would attach. The circuit court stated from the bench that, as long as it found no putative
rights attached, dismissal was appropriate. The circuit court noted that the mother’s rights had
already been terminated in a separate order; therefore, testimony concerning the best interest
of the child and the child’s adoptability was not necessary for the proceedings.
The circuit court entered an order terminating Whitehead’s parental rights on May 27,
2015. In the order, the circuit court found that Whitehead had not established significant
contacts with M.B.1; therefore, no parental rights had attached, and Whitehead had no
parental rights to terminate. The circuit court also found that “any rights that those two
putative fathers have or may have, are hereby terminated.” The court found that Whitehead
neither possessed an order of paternity, nor had he executed an acknowledgment of paternity.
The court found that Whitehead had not wanted to participate in any services until he was
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found to be the biological father, and that it had denied his request for visitation until the
DNA test had been performed and the results had confirmed that Whitehead was the father.
The circuit court noted that after he received his results, he had “only visited the juvenile
three times” and that “three visits does not significant contacts make. Mr. Whitehead let time
go by while he was awaiting paternity testing to see if he was the biological father.” Again,
the circuit court noted that Whitehead had no parental rights to terminate; therefore, the
circuit court was not required to make findings regarding potential harm or adoptability as it
would in a termination proceeding. The circuit court found that the bonds between the
putative fathers and the juveniles had been formally severed by the order. It is from this order
that Whitehead appeals.
II. Points on Appeal
Whitehead asserts three points on appeal. First, Whitehead argues that the circuit court
erred in finding that he had not established significant contacts sufficient for his parental rights
to attach. Second, Whitehead asserts that because his parental rights attached, the circuit court
erred in failing to address the statutorily mandated factors required prior to terminating
parental rights, and the circuit court erred by not appointing counsel prior to the termination
hearing. In the alternative, Whitehead argues that if his parental rights had not attached, he
should have been dismissed as a party prior to termination, and thus, the circuit court erred
in entering an order terminating parental rights that did not exist.
We agree with Whitehead’s third, alternative argument; therefore, we reverse and
remand.
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A. The Order Terminating Bennie Whitehead’s Parental Rights
1. Standard of review and applicable law
This court reviews termination orders de novo. Strickland v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs.,
103 Ark. App. 193, 287 S.W.3d 633 (2008).
Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-303(47) defines “putative father” as any man
not deemed or adjudicated under the laws of the jurisdiction of the United States to be the
biological father of a juvenile who claims to be or is alleged to be the biological father of the
juvenile. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that putative fathers do not have the same
protections as do legal parents. As Judge Stewart wrote, “Parental rights do not spring
full-blown from the biological connection between parent and child. They require
relationships more enduring.” Lehr v. Robertson, 463 U.S. 248 (1983).
Before a mother or a legally established father is subject to having parental rights
terminated, the Arkansas termination statute requires the Department to prove that
termination is in the child’s best interest, and one of the grounds for termination must be
proven. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341 (Supp. 2015). However, if the biological or putative
father has not established paternity, he is placed in a different legal position. If no legal rights
have been established, a putative parent must prove that significant contacts existed with the
juvenile in order for the putative parent’s rights to attach. Ark. Code Ann. §
9-27-341(c)(2)(A)(ii). The statute protects putative fathers who may have lived in the same
home as their child from having their parental rights automatically terminated.
When the putative father’s rights have attached, they cannot be terminated without
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providing the putative father notice of the hearing or without first giving him the opportunity
to be heard. These rights are reflected in Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(B)(i)(ii) and (iii).
2. Analysis
The circuit court stated from the bench during the termination hearing that although
Whitehead had performed a DNA test, he had neither executed an order of paternity, nor
established sufficient contacts such that his parental rights had attached. In the May 27, 2015
order, the circuit court reiterated its finding that Whitehead had not established significant
contacts such that his parental rights had attached. It also found that Whitehead’s parental
rights were terminated.
A similar issue was recently before this court. In Wright v. Arkansas Department of
Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 676, 449 S.W.3d 721, the appellant argued that the circuit
court erred when it terminated his parental rights because a DNA test showed that he was not
the father of the child at the center of the case. This court agreed, and held that “he was not
a proper party to proceed against with a termination-of-parental-rights action.” Id., 2014 Ark.
App. 676, at 9, 449 S.W.3d 721, 726.
In the present case, we hold that the circuit court similarly erred in terminating
Whitehead’s parental rights. The circuit court found that three hour-long visits was not
sufficient to establish significant contact such that his parental rights had attached; thus, the
circuit court found that Whitehead had no parental rights to terminate. For the circuit court
to then terminate parental rights it found to be nonexistent was in error.
Whitehead urges this court to also consider the issue of whether he established
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sufficient contact with M.B.1 such that his parental rights attached. We cannot reach the issue
at this time, because no order of dismissal based on whether or not he had established
significant contacts was made by the circuit court for us to review. With that in mind, we
reverse the order of the circuit court, and we remand the matter for further proceedings to
determine the status of Bennie Whitehead’s parental rights. Whitehead also argues on appeal
that because his parental rights were terminated, he was entitled to an attorney to represent
him at the termination hearing and that the court was required to perform the statutorily
required analysis of the best interest of the child and the child’s adoptability. Because we hold
that termination was not proper under these circumstances, we do not consider these issues.
Reversed and remanded.
ABRAMSON and WHITEAKER, JJ., agree.
Leah Lanford, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.
Jerald A. Sharum, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.
Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor child.
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