Greenhaw v. Arkansas Department of Human Services

Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 294
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CV-16-81
OPINION DELIVERED JUNE 1, 2016
HOPE D. GREENHAW
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE BOONE
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. JV-2014-35-A]
HONORABLE DEANNA “SUZIE” EVANS,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF JUDGE
HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR
CHILD AFFIRMED; MOTION TO WITHDRAW
APPELLEES GRANTED
ROBERT J. GLADWIN, Chief Judge
In this no-merit appeal, the Boone County Circuit Court terminated appellant Hope
Greenhaw’s parental rights to her daughter, F.S., on November 1, 2015. Appellant filed a
notice of appeal on November 20, 2015. Counsel for appellant filed a motion to withdraw
as counsel on appeal and a no-merit brief pursuant to Linker-Flores v. Arkansas Department of
Human Services, 359 Ark. 131, 194 S.W.3d 739 (2004), and Arkansas Supreme Court Rule
6-9(i) (2015), asserting that, other than the termination order itself, which is fully addressed
in the brief, there were no adverse rulings to appellant and explaining why there are no
nonfrivolous arguments to support an appeal. After being served by certified mail with the
motion to withdraw and a copy of the no-merit brief, appellant filed pro se points for
reversal, and the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) and the attorney ad litem
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 294
filed a joint responsive brief. We affirm the order terminating appellant’s parental rights and
grant counsel’s motion to withdraw.
I. Law
In Linker-Flores, the Arkansas Supreme Court described the procedure for
withdrawing as counsel from a termination-of-parental-rights appeal:
[A]ppointed counsel for an indigent parent on a first appeal from an order terminating
parental rights may petition this court to withdraw as counsel if, after a conscientious
review of the record, counsel can find no issue of arguable merit for appeal.
Counsel’s petition must be accompanied by a brief discussing any arguably
meritorious issue for appeal. The indigent party must be provided with a copy of
the brief and notified of her right to file points for reversal within thirty days. If this
court determines, after a full examination of the record, that the appeal is frivolous,
the court may grant counsel’s motion and dismiss the appeal.
Linker-Flores, 359 Ark. at 141, 194 S.W.3d at 747–48. Subsequently the supreme court
elaborated on the appellate court’s role in reviewing a petition to withdraw in a
termination-of-parental-rights appeal, holding that when the trial court has taken the prior
record into consideration in its decision, a “conscientious review of the record” requires the
appellate court to review all pleadings and testimony in the case on the question of the
sufficiency of the evidence supporting the decision to terminate and that only adverse rulings
arising at the termination hearing need be addressed in the no-merit appeal from the prior
orders in the case. Lewis v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 364 Ark. 243, 217 S.W.3d 788
(2005).
Termination-of-parental-rights cases are reviewed de novo. Hune v. Ark. Dep’t of
Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 543. Grounds for termination of parental rights must be
proven by clear and convincing evidence, which is that degree of proof that will produce
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in the finder of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be established. Hughes v.
Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 526. The appellate inquiry is whether the trial
court’s finding that the disputed fact was proven by clear and convincing evidence is clearly
erroneous. J.T. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 329 Ark. 243, 947 S.W.2d 761 (1997).
II. Facts
F.S., born December 23, 2004, was taken into protective custody by DHS on April
1, 2014, after F.S. and appellant had appeared in court for a family-in-need-of-services
(FINS) hearing due to F.S.’s numerous school absences. At that hearing, appellant stated
that she had been diagnosed with a mental illness and anxiety issues and had not been taking
any of her medications. She said that her “weak mental state” was the reason F.S. had been
absent from school. That afternoon, DHS workers visited appellant’s home and found it to
be in poor condition with toys, clothes, and food scattered around the living room, and a
dish towel covered with green feces was discovered in plain sight. Appellant would not
submit to a drug screen and stated, “I only have a little bit to live and I am trying to stay off
my medication so I can be the best mother to my children.” Appellant was arrested and
charged with endangering the welfare of a minor, first degree, based on police finding
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appellant’s youngest child in the street, unsupervised.
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Appellant’s younger child, E.M., born March 16, 2010, was found by police officers
in the street on April 1, 2014. An officer who responded to a concerned neighbor’s call
told caseworkers that E.M. had run in front of his police car and he was forced to slam on
his brakes to avoid hitting her. After he had returned the child home, he found her two
blocks away from home shortly thereafter. E.M. is not the subject of this appeal.
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A petition for emergency custody and dependency-neglect was filed on April 4,
2014, and the circuit court signed an ex parte order granting emergency custody to DHS
that same day. A probable-cause order was filed on April 29, 2014, following a hearing held
on April 7, 2014. Appellant was ordered to submit to random drug screens and comply
with the case plan that DHS was to develop.
An adjudication order finding F.S. dependent-neglected was filed on June 12, 2014.
The goal of the case was reunification, and appellant was ordered to undergo a psychological
evaluation and to follow the case plan. A review order was filed on July 3, 2014, and the
circuit court found that the goal of the case should continue to be reunification; that DHS
had made reasonable efforts to provide services to achieve reunification of the family; and
that appellant had partially complied with the case plan and court orders. The circuit court
found that appellant had behaved inappropriately at some visitations, causing visitation to
end early. She also did not provide proof of a psychological evaluation or counseling. At
the review hearing held in October 2014, the circuit court found that appellant had partially
complied because she had attended weekly visitations, but some had ended early due to
appellant’s inappropriate behavior. She had submitted to her psychological evaluation and
attended a health-and-safety class. But, appellant had not completed parenting classes, and
DHS had been unable to assess her home because there had been no answer at her door.
She remained unemployed and had been living with her significant other, Mr. Haynes. She
was ordered to comply with the case plan and court orders; cooperate with DHS; notify
DHS within forty-eight hours of any change in her address or telephone number; attend
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counseling; address the issues identified in her psychological evaluation, particularly her need
for medication to address psychiatric issues; notify her significant other, Mr. Haynes, that he
would need to participate in this case if they were to continue to live together; and allow
DHS access to her home.
The review order filed on December 19, 2014, continued the goal of the case to be
reunification. Appellant minimally complied with the case plan and court orders. Some
visitation ended early due to her inappropriate behavior. It was recommended at her intake
for counseling that she needed day treatment, but she had declined. She asked the circuit
court to order that she not have to attend, and she was told that she would need to file a
motion if she wanted a second psychological evaluation. She did not complete parenting
classes, and she would not allow DHS access to her home. She was living with Mr. Haynes
and tested positive for methamphetamine on November 5, 2014, and again at the hearing
held December 9, 2014. She refused two drugs screens. Appellant was ordered to comply
as set forth above, and she was also ordered to submit to random drug screens and was
admonished that she had 120 days to regain custody of her daughter.
A permanency-planning hearing was held on March 24, 2015, and the circuit court
found that it was in F.S.’s best interest to remain in DHS custody. 2 The goal of the case
was changed to adoption, and DHS was authorized to file a petition for termination of
parental rights. Appellant had minimally complied with the case plan; was living with
friends; denied DHS access to her home; remained unemployed; continued to decline
2
The permanency-planning order was filed on July 7, 2015.
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counseling; continued to test positive for methamphetamine; continued to deny that there
was causation for the removal of her child; missed over half of the visits she could have had
with F.S.; failed to follow recommendations from the psychological evaluation; and had
been arrested since the last court date.
III. Termination of Parental Rights
Termination of parental rights is a two-step process requiring a determination that
the parent is unfit and that termination is in the best interest of the child. Houseman v. Ark.
Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 227. The first step requires proof of one or more
statutory grounds for termination; the second step, the best-interest analysis, includes
consideration of the likelihood that the juvenile will be adopted and of the potential harm
caused by returning custody of the child to the parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B),
(b)(3)(A) (Repl. 2015); Houseman, supra. Proof of only one statutory ground is sufficient to
terminate parental rights. Gossett v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 240, 374
S.W.3d 205. A trial court is only required to consider potential harm to a child’s health and
safety that might come from continued contact with the parents; there is no requirement to
find that actual harm would result or identify the potential harm. Hamman v. Ark. Dep’t of
Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 295, at 11, 435 S.W.3d 495, 502. The potential-harm analysis
is to be conducted in broad terms. Id.
A petition for termination of parental rights was filed April 7, 2015, and a second
petition was filed on July 14, 2015, both based on the grounds set forth under Arkansas
Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a)—the child had been adjudicated to be
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dependent-neglected and had continued to be out of the parent’s custody for twelve months
and, despite a meaningful effort by DHS to rehabilitate the parent and correct the conditions
that caused the removal, those conditions had not been remedied by the parent; section 9-
27-341(b)(3)(B)(ii)(a)—the child had lived outside the home of the parent for twelve
months, and the parent had willfully failed to provide significant material support in
accordance with her means or to maintain meaningful contact with the child; and section
9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a)—other factors or issues arose subsequent to the filing of the
original petition for dependency-neglect that demonstrate that placement of the child in the
custody of the parent was contrary to the child’s health, safety, or welfare and that, despite
the offer of appropriate family services, the parent had manifested the incapacity or
indifference to remedy the subsequent issues or factors or rehabilitate the parent’s
circumstances that prevented the placement of the child in the custody of the parent.3
Following a hearing on August 25, 2015, an order terminating appellant’s parental
rights was filed on November 1, 2015. The circuit court granted the petition to terminate
on the statutory ground set forth under section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a), specifically finding
that appellant did not demonstrate even minimal compliance with the case plan. Appellant
did not complete the ordered parenting classes; had done no counseling; did not follow the
psychological evaluation recommendation; had been in a home for only two weeks previous
to the termination hearing; remained unemployed; had pending criminal charges; and had
3
On July 2, 2015, F.S.’s father filed a relinquishment of parental rights and waiver
consenting to the termination of his parental rights.
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attended only half of the visitations. The circuit court also found by clear and convincing
evidence that it was in F.S.’s best interest to terminate parental rights, considering that F.S.
would likely be adopted and the potential harm to her if she were returned to her parent’s
custody. Specifically, the circuit court found that F.S. would be subjected to continued
instability in the home and that the parent continued to have the inability to provide and
care for her. Further, adoption specialist Haley Casey testified that F.S. was highly adoptable
and would very quickly find a home.
Counsel contends that this appeal is without merit, concluding that clear and
convincing evidence supports the circuit court’s decision to terminate. Proof of only one
statutory ground is sufficient to terminate parental rights, Gossett, supra, and the proof
regarding appellant’s inability to correct the conditions that caused removal was substantial.
The statutory requirements were met, and the evidence established that F.S., who had been
out of appellant’s custody for sixteen months at the time of the termination hearing, could
not be returned to appellant within a time period commensurate with her developmental
needs, if ever. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(a)(3) (the intent of the legislature is to
provide permanency in a child’s life when a return to the family home cannot be
accomplished in a reasonable period of time as viewed from the child’s perspective).
Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court’s order terminating parental rights was not
clearly erroneous.
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IV. Pro Se Points
Appellant filed pro se points for reversal claiming that her mental health had
drastically improved since the psychological evaluation she had undergone pursuant to the
case plan. She further offers that she had obtained a steady job at NWA Electronics, secured
a home on a twenty-acre rural cattle farm, was engaged to be married, and had formed a
bond with her fiancés two minor children. She also claims that she is capable of taking the
necessary steps within her case plan to comply with the psychological evaluation’s original
assessment. She states that when her insurance is approved, she will follow through with
the next steps of her case plan. She contends that her newly established faith-based principles
and following the case plan will give her the ability to parent her daughter.
DHS and the attorney ad litem filed a joint response, and they contend that appellant
is challenging the sufficiency of the evidence. We agree and hold that we cannot reweigh
the evidence. Newman v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 207, ___ S.W.3d ___.
Further, credibility determinations are left to the trial court. Id.
V. Conclusion
In dependency-neglect cases, if, after studying the record and researching the law,
appellant’s counsel determines that appellant has no meritorious basis for appeal, then
counsel may file a no-merit petition and move to withdraw. The petition must include an
argument section listing all rulings adverse to the appellant made by the circuit court on all
objections, motions, and requests made by the party at the hearing from which the appeal
arose and explaining why each adverse ruling is not a meritorious ground for reversal. The
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petition must also include an abstract and addendum containing all rulings adverse to the
appellant made at the hearing from which the order on appeal arose. Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 6-
9(i). After carefully examining the record and the brief presented to us, we conclude that
counsel has complied with the requirements established by the Arkansas Supreme Court for
no-merit appeals in termination cases and that the appeal is wholly without merit.
Accordingly, we affirm the order terminating appellant’s parental rights in F.S., and counsel’s
motion to withdraw is granted.
Affirmed; motion to withdraw granted.
KINARD and GRUBER, JJ., agree.
Tabitha B. McNulty, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.
Jerald A. Sharum, County Legal Operations, for appellee.
Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor child.
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