Phifer v. SEECO Inc.

Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION III
No. CV-13-1025
Opinion Delivered April 2, 2014
MARY PHIFER and TOMMY PHIFER
APPELLANTS APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
V. SIXTH DIVISION
[NO. 60CV-2013-4172]
SEECO, INC., SOUTHWESTERN HONORABLE TIMOTHY DAVIS
ENERGY COMPANY, and ARKANSAS FOX, JUDGE
OIL AND GAS COMMISSION
APPELLEES REVERSED AND REMANDED
KENNETH S. HIXSON, Judge
Appellants Mary Phifer and Tommy Phifer brought an action in Pulaski County
against appellees SEECO, Inc., Southwestern Energy Company (Southwestern), and Arkansas
Oil and Gas Commission (AOGC). In their complaint, the appellants challenged SEECO’s
construction of a gas-well pad and access road on appellants’ property in White County. The
trial court entered a preliminary injunction in favor of the Phifers, ordering SEECO to halt
all drilling activities on the property. However, the trial court later entered an order
dissolving the preliminary injunction and dismissing the action without prejudice, ostensibly
for lack of venue. The Phifers now appeal from the order of dismissal, arguing that the trial
court erred in dismissing the case for improper venue. We agree, and we reverse and remand
for further proceedings.
Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
In 2004, Mary Phifer and her now deceased husband executed an oil and gas lease to
T-Rex Exploration on property they owned in White County. Mary now holds a life estate
in the property and her son, Tommy Phifer, has a remainder interest. The oil and gas lease
is now held by SEECO, which is a subsidiary of Southwestern. The oil and gas lease
provides, in relevant part, that the lessor
hereby grants, demises, leases and lets exclusively unto said Lessee the lands hereinafter
described for the purpose of prospecting, exploring by geophysical and other methods,
drilling, mining, operating for and producing oil or gas, . . . together with the right to
construct and maintain pipe lines, telephone and electric lines, tanks, power stations,
ponds, roadways, plants, equipment, and structures thereon to produce, save and take
care of said oil and gas, and the exclusive right to inject air, gas, water, brine and other
fluids from any source into the subsurface strata and any and all other rights and
privileges necessary, incident to, or convenient for the economical operation of said
land, alone or conjointly with neighboring land, for the production, saving and taking
care of oil and gas[.]
In the summer of 2013 SEECO applied to the AOGC for four gas wells with a surface
location on the Phifers’ property. The Phifers did not receive notice of the proceedings
before the AOGC, which was not required under the AOGC’s rules.1 After a hearing held
on August 27, 2013, the AOGC issued orders approving SEECO’s applications on September
6, 2013. On September 11, 2013, the AOGC issued permits for SEECO to drill the four
wells.
1
AOGC Rule B-43(o)(2)(B) provides that all owners as defined under Arkansas Code
Annotated section 15-72-102(9) shall receive notice of any application for a gas well.
Arkansas Code Annotation section 15-72-102(9) (Repl. 2009) defines “owner” as “the
person who has the right to drill into and to produce from any pool and to appropriate the
production either for himself or herself, or for himself or herself and another, or others.”
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
In October 2013, SEECO mailed two letters to the Phifers notifying the Phifers of
SEECO’s intention to commence its drilling operations on the property. The second of the
letters was sent on October 15, 2013, advising the Phifers that SEECO intended to enter the
property and begin construction of an access road and drill pad on November 1, 2013.
On October 23, 2013, the Phifers filed a complaint against SEECO, Southwestern, and
AOGC. The Phifers alleged that because they were not given notice of SEECO’s application
and the proceedings before the AOGC, and thus had no opportunity to be heard or object
to the issuance of the drilling permits, they were denied due process as guaranteed by the
United States and Arkansas Constitutions. The Phifers prayed for just compensation from the
AOGC and the other defendants for the alleged unlawful taking of their property. In
addition, the Phifers’ complaint alleged that SEECO’s use of the surface land was unreasonable
due to the location of the well pad, the size of the well pad, and the ratio of the Phifers’
property serviced by the well pad. The Phifers asked for cessation of construction of the well
pad and access road.
The Phifers filed a motion for a preliminary injunction on October 24, 2013, and a
supplemental motion for a preliminary injunction on October 28, 2013. The trial court
granted a preliminary injunction on October 28, 2013, wherein the trial court stated:
The Court finds the placement of a well pad, reserve pit and access road on Plaintiffs’
property constitutes an irreparable harm to Plaintiffs’ property as the well pad cannot
be removed once in place. The Court finds Plaintiffs have demonstrated a likelihood
of success on the merits based on Plaintiffs’ allegations in the Complaint that Plaintiffs
were not provided notice of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission hearing granting
Defendants permits to drill and, thus, Plaintiffs were denied Procedural and Substantive
Due Process. Defendants are ordered to halt all activities involving the construction
of a well pad, reserve pit and access road on Plaintiffs’ property.
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
On October 28, 2013, separate defendants SEECO and Southwestern filed a motion
to dismiss for improper venue pursuant to Rule 12(b)(3) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil
Procedure.2 In that motion, SEECO and Southwestern argued that the essential character of
the Phifers’ action was to recover for injury to their real property in White County. SEECO
and Southwestern alleged that venue was proper in White County pursuant to Arkansas Code
Annotated section 16-60-101(4) (Repl. 2005), which provides:
Actions for the following causes must be brought in the county in which the subject
of the action, or some part thereof, is situated, except as provided in § 16-60-116(d):
....
(4) An injury to real property.
SEECO and Southwestern also filed a motion to dissolve the preliminary injunction
on October 29, 2013. Among other things, SEECO and Southwestern argued in that motion
that the Phifers had failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits, and that they
failed to demonstrate an inadequate remedy at law.
On November 4, 2013, the Phifers filed responses opposing the motions for dismissal
for improper venue and to dissolve the preliminary injunction. In their response to the
motion to dismiss for improper venue, the Phifers alleged that because the AOGC is a state
commission the Phifers had a choice of venue to bring their action in either Pulaski County
2
At the time the hearing on the Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Dissolve the
Preliminary Injunction was held, the AOGC had not filed a response to the complaint but
it was still within its time parameters to do so. However, the AOGC did submit an appellee’s
brief herein.
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
or White County pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-60-103(3) (Supp. 2011),
which provides:
The following actions must be brought in the county in which the seat of government
is situated:
....
(3) All actions against the state and all actions against state boards, state commissioners,
or state officers on account of their official acts, except that if an action could
otherwise be brought in another county or counties under the venue laws of this state,
as provided in § 16-60-101 et seq., then the action may be brought either in Pulaski County
or the other county or counties[.] (Emphasis added.)
A hearing on SEECO and Southwestern’s Motion to Dismiss for Improper Venue and
its Motion to Dissolve the Preliminary Injunction was held on November 5, 2013. After
listening to arguments of counsel, the trial court announced from the bench:
Under the facts of this case, there is no violation of due process, so I am going to
dismiss the action without prejudice because the state agency is the reason it is in
Pulaski County. If you all have a contract dispute between yourself and your lessees,
that needs to occur in the county in which the real property is located. It affects chain
of title and all kinds of things. I believe Arkansas law provides that needs to be
happening in White County.
The trial court entered an order of dismissal on the same day of the hearing, wherein it stated,
“The court finds that the preliminary injunction previously issued by this court on October
28, 2013, is dissolved, and this matter is dismissed without prejudice.” The trial court’s order
offered no further comment or explanation.
In this appeal, the Phifers argue that the trial court erred in granting SEECO and
Southwestern’s motion to dismiss for improper venue. The Phifers contend that, pursuant
to the explicit language in Ark. Code Ann. § 16-60-103(3), the proper venue for their action
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
was in either Pulaski County or White County because their complaint raised a constitutional
due-process claim against a state agency. We agree.
In reviewing a trial court’s decision on a motion to dismiss for improper venue under
Rule 12(b)(3), we treat the facts alleged in the complaint as true and view them in the light
most favorable to the pleadings. Provence v. Nat’l Carriers, Inc., 2010 Ark. 27, 360 S.W.3d
725. In testing the sufficiency of the complaint on a motion to dismiss, all reasonable
inferences must be resolved in favor of the complaint, and the pleadings are to be liberally
construed. Id. When venue is questioned, a defendant objecting to venue has the burden of
demonstrating that venue is improper. Helm v. Mid-Am. Indus., Inc., 301 Ark. 521, 785
S.W.2d 209 (1990). If an objection to venue is not substantiated by the pleadings, the
objecting party has the duty to produce evidence showing that venue is not proper. Roller v.
TV Guide Online Holdings, LLC, 2013 Ark. 285.
In SEECO and Southwestern’s motion to dismiss, they asserted that venue was proper
in White County pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 16-60-101(4) because the essential character
of the action was to recover for injury to the Phifers’ real property in White County.
Although SEECO and Southwestern correctly asserted that the Phifers’ action could have
been brought in White County, venue was also proper in Pulaski County. This is because
the Phifers’ action was also brought against the AOGC, a state agency, and Ark. Code Ann.
§ 16-60-103(3) provides that in actions against the state that “if an action could otherwise be
brought in another county or counties under the venue laws of this state, as provided in § 16-
60-101 et seq., then the action may be brought either in Pulaski County or the other county
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
or counties.” This language allows venue to be proper not only in Pulaski County, but also
in the other counties as provided in § 16-60-101 et seq. See McCutcheon v. Ark. State Police,
2009 Ark. 204, 307 S.W.3d 582. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court erred in
dismissing the action in Pulaski County for lack of venue.
Although the order being appealed does not explain the reason for dismissal of the case,
the trial court indicated from the bench that it found no due-process violation and that the
state agency was the only reason the case was in Pulaski County. Specifically, the trial court
found: “Under the facts of this case, there is no violation of due process, so I am going to
dismiss the action without prejudice because the state agency is the reason it is in Pulaski
County.” If that was the basis for the trial court’s order of dismissal, as we assume it was, this
was putting the proverbial cart before the horse. The motion before the trial court was not
a 12(b)(6) motion alleging failure to state a cause of action nor was it a motion for summary
judgment. The motion that was before the trial court was simply a motion to dismiss for
improper venue, and that threshold issue did not contemplate a ruling on the merits of
appellants’ constitutional due-process claim against the AOGC. At the time the trial court
made this finding and dismissed the lawsuit, the AOGC had not even responded to the
complaint and the constitutional issues had not yet been joined. Because the Phifers’
complaint brought an action against the AOGC, which is a state agency, venue was proper
in Pulaski County and consideration of the merits of the Phifers’ constitutional claim was not
yet developed nor ripe for decision.
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 211
The Phifers also argue on appeal that the trial court erred in dissolving the preliminary
injunction previously issued by the trial court. Although the trial court did not explain its
reasons for dissolving the preliminary injunction, we presume that it did so based on its
finding that venue in Pulaski County was improper. Based on our holding that venue was
proper in Pulaski County, the issue of the preliminary injunction will have to be revisited by
the trial court on remand, along with the other claims pending in the case. We therefore
instruct the trial court to hold another hearing addressing the merits of the preliminary
injunction. On remand to Pulaski County Circuit Court, the AOGC will have the
opportunity to raise any challenges it has to appellants’ constitutional due-process claim in the
appropriate manner.
Reversed and remanded.
HARRISON and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Walker Law Firm, PLLC, by: Kent Walker, for appellants.
PPGMR Law, PLLC, by: James D. Rankin III and Kimberly D. Logue; and Shane E.
Khoury, General Counsel, and Alan J. York, Ass’t General Counsel, Arkansas Oil and Gas
Commission, for appellees.
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