Hartman v. Edwards

2014 Ark. App. 480
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CV-13-632
Opinion Delivered: September 17, 2014
MARY HARTMAN and DONNA APPEAL FROM THE CRAWFORD
DEWEY COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPELLANTS [NO. CV-2010-425]
V. HONORABLE MICHAEL MEDLOCK,
JUDGE
HENRY N. EDWARDS
APPELLEE AFFIRMED
RHONDA K. WOOD, Judge
Appellants, co-administrators of Kenneth Bieler’s estate, appeal following a jury
verdict for the appellee in a medical-malpractice case. They raise the following four
arguments: (1) defense counsel improperly argued for jury nullification, (2) the circuit
court erred in dismissing Crystal Bieler as a beneficiary, (3) the court should have granted
their motion for a new trial, and (4) the court should have given instruction AMI Civ.
206 to the jury. We find no error and affirm the decision of the circuit court in its
entirety.
Kenneth Bieler had surgery for a fractured femur on January 7, 2009. He
developed abdominal distention and was readmitted to the hospital on January 14, 2009.
Upon readmission, Dr. Henry Edwards, appellee, was his treating physician. A little over
a week later, Dr. Edwards discovered that Mr. Bieler had a blood clot and gave him a
2014 Ark. App. 480
one-half dosage of blood thinners. Mr. Bieler became unresponsive and died of a massive
pulmonary embolism.
Appellants brought a wrongful-death action against Dr. Edwards. They claimed
that he was medically negligent for failing to properly assess and treat Mr. Bieler for
potential blood clotting. The complaint included Mr. Bieler’s biological daughter, Crystal
Bieler, who was subsequently adopted, as a wrongful-death beneficiary.
The case was presented to a jury. At the close of appellants’ evidence, Dr. Edwards
moved for a directed verdict on Crystal Bieler’s claim as a beneficiary, contending that her
adoption precluded her from recovering. The court granted the directed-verdict motion.
The jury later returned a verdict in Dr. Edwards’s favor.
I. Jury Nullification
During closing arguments, counsel for appellee stated that a plaintiff’s verdict “tells
Dr. Edwards you caused the death of a patient, you caused the death of Mr. Kenneth
Bieler.” Appellants’ counsel objected, stating, “I think Mr. Cox’s last comments are an
argument for the jury, I’m just asking him not to decide what the evidence is.” The court
gave a cautionary jury instruction that counsel’s statements were not evidence. Appellants
now contend that the closing statement is grounds for reversal because it was
inflammatory, prejudicial, and amounted to a plea for jury nullification. They also claim
the statement violated the court’s order-in-limine, which prohibited any attempt to
generate passion and prejudice or suggestions that an adverse verdict might cause negative
personal consequences for Dr. Edwards.
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We do not reach the merits of this issue. Appellants must make specific objections
to apprise the court of the particular error alleged. Leach v. State, 2012 Ark. 179, 402
S.W.3d 517. An appellant may not change the grounds for objection on appeal, but is
limited by the scope and nature of the objections and arguments presented at trial. S.
Coll. of Neuropathy v. State ex rel. Beebe, 360 Ark. 543, 203 S.W.3d 111 (2005).
Appellants’ objection at trial was vague and failed to give notice to the court of the
particular error. The objection did not specify that defense counsel’s statement was
prejudicial, inflammatory, or a violation of the court’s prior order. Therefore, this issue is
not preserved for our review.
II. Crystal Bieler’s Status as a Wrongful-Death Beneficiary
Appellants claim that Crystal Bieler is a wrongful-death beneficiary under Arkansas
Code Annotated section 16-62-102(d)(3) (Supp. 2013) because Mr. Bieler stood in loco
parentis to her; they argue that the court erred in granting appellee’s motion for directed
verdict on this issue. However, the issue of beneficiary status is moot. Following the
directed verdict, the case was submitted, and the jury found that Dr. Edwards was not
liable for medical negligence. Once the lack of liability is determined, a question of
damages is moot. Howard v. Adams, 2012 Ark. App. 562, 424 S.W.3d 337; Billingsley v.
Planit Dirt Excavation & Concrete, 2012 Ark. App. 266, 399 S.W.3d 729. It is therefore
unnecessary to determine whether Crystal was a beneficiary of the wrongful-death action
because the jury absolved Dr. Edwards of negligence.
Appellants also assert that the dismissal of Crystal’s claim calls into question the
validity of the verdict. They claim it opened the door for Dr. Edwards to argue that the
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only people who would benefit from a judgment against him would be Mr. Bieler’s older
sisters and his mother, who did not have a significant relationship with him. We need not
consider this argument because we will not speculate or theorize about how the jury
reached its decision. Hyden v. Highcouch, Inc., 353 Ark. 609, 110 S.W.3d 760 (2003).
III. Substantial Evidence to Support the Verdict
After the jury verdict in favor of Dr. Edwards, appellants filed a motion for new
trial claiming that the decision was not supported by substantial evidence. The circuit
court denied this motion, and appellants contend that this was reversible error. Because
this verdict involves the issue of liability, this court reviews the denial of the motion for a
new trial by applying a “substantial evidence” standard of review. Pearson v. Henrickson,
336 Ark. 12, 19, 983 S.W.2d 419, 423 (1999).
The experts agreed that the standard of care is for physicians to use blood thinners
if a patient has two or more risk factors for clotting unless there is a viable reason to avoid
usage, such as internal bleeding. Mr. Bieler had more than two risk factors for clotting,
but Dr. Edwards did not give him blood thinners until late into his treatment. Appellants
make three arguments to support their contention that there was not substantial evidence
to support the jury verdict. They claim that Dr. Edwards failed to (1) properly prevent,
diagnose, and treat Mr. Bieler’s blood clot; (2) recognize signs of a blood clot; and (3) give
the appropriate dosage of blood thinners at an appropriate time.
Generally, there is always substantial evidence to support a defense verdict because
the plaintiff bears the burden of proof and the jury is the sole judge of credibility of
witnesses and the weight and value of the evidence. Webb v. Bouton, 350 Ark. 254, 85
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2014 Ark. App. 480
S.W.3d 885 (2002). The party who has the burden of establishing negligence and
proximate cause of facts is not entitled to have those facts declared to have reality as a
matter of law unless there is utterly no rational basis in the situation—testimonially,
circumstantially, or inferentially—for a jury to believe otherwise. Id.
Both parties presented evidence regarding Dr. Edwards’s treatment. Appellants
focus on the lack of any documentation in Dr. Edwards’s notes indicating that he thought
that there was a viable reason to withhold blood thinners. However, Dr. Edwards testified
that he considered the potential risk of blood clotting when he chose not to administer
blood thinners. The defense expert, Dr. John Daniels, opined that Dr. Edwards
recognized the possibility of blood clotting. Dr. Daniels further opined that the amount
and timing of the dosage did not affect Mr. Bieler’s survival.
Appellants bore the burden of establishing Dr. Edwards’s negligence. The jury is
the sole judge of the credibility of witnesses and weight of the evidence. Id. On each
point raised by appellants in their motion for a new trial, there is substantial evidence to
support a verdict for Dr. Edwards; therefore, we hold that the circuit court did not err in
denying the motion for a new trial.
IV. Refusal to Give AMI Civ. 206
Appellants contend that Dr. Edwards raised an affirmative defense at trial, that the
circuit court should have given the jury AMI Civ. 206 (2013), and that the refusal was
error. The proffered instruction provided as follows:
The Parties agree that the standard of care is to treat a patient such as Mr. Bieler
with preventative doses of anticoagulants (blood thinners) unless there is a medical
reason to withhold such treatment. Dr. Edwards contends that there did exist in
Mr. Bieler during the January 13, 2009 hospitalization, medical conditions that
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justify withholding anticoagulants from Mr. Bieler. Dr. Edwards has the burden of
proving the existence of such medical conditions by [a] preponderance of the
evidence.
A party is entitled to a jury instruction when it is a correct statement of the law and
there is some basis in the evidence to support giving the instruction. ProAssurance Indem.
Co. v. Metheny, 2012 Ark. 461, 425 S.W.3d 689; Bedell v. Williams, 2012 Ark. 75, 368
S.W.3d 493. This court will reverse a circuit court’s refusal to give a proferred instruction
if there was an abuse of discretion. Id.
Appellants argue that because Dr. Edwards agreed that the standard of care required
use of blood thinners, but also asserted that there were additional facts regarding Mr.
Bieler’s condition that overcame the general requirement for blood thinners, he was
asserting an affirmative defense, which falls under the catch-all provision of Ark. R. Civ.
P. 8(c). They contend that it was his burden to prove those facts and the viability of his
defense.
Appellants confuse compliance with the applicable standard of care with an
affirmative defense. The Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act sets out the burden of proof in
medical-negligence cases. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-206 (Repl. 2006). In these cases, the
plaintiff has the burden of proving the local standard of care, that the standard of care was
violated, and that the violation of the standard of care proximately caused the plaintiff’s
injuries and damages. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-206(a). Here, Dr. Edwards merely gave
justifications for his medical decisions. If Arkansas courts considered justifications for
medical decisions as affirmative defenses, it would result in the courts’ imposing a
judicially created burden-shifting procedure onto medical defendants to prove why they
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made their professional decisions. This is contrary to the intent of the Act. Accordingly,
we find no error in the trial court’s refusal to give AMI Civ. 206.
Despite each of the arguments above, we find no error presented on appeal and
affirm.
Affirmed.
HARRISON and GRUBER, JJ., agree.
James E. Keever, M.D., J.D.; and Ken Swindle, for appellant.
Cox, Cox & Estes, PLLC, by: Walter B. Cox and James R. Estes, for appellee.
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