Tillman v. Ark. Dep't of Human Servs.

Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 119
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No. CV-14-931
CHARMELL TILLMAN Opinion Delivered February 25, 2015
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE LONOKE
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. JV-2013-145]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE BARBARA ELMORE,
HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR JUDGE
CHILDREN
APPELLEES AFFIRMED
BART F. VIRDEN, Judge
The Lonoke County Circuit Court terminated the parental rights of appellant
Charmell Tillman to her children, F.B. (DOB: 2-22-07), M.B.1 (DOB: 6-25-08), M.B.2
(DOB: 7-16-09), and E.B. (DOB: 7-5-11).1 Tillman argues that there was insufficient
evidence to support the termination. We affirm.
I. Background
On April 23, 2013, Tillman was involved in a domestic dispute with her boyfriend,
and she and the boyfriend were arrested. The Arkansas Department of Human Services
(DHS) discovered that Tillman had left her four sons unsupervised in a place fraught with
danger. An ex parte order for emergency custody was entered, and the children were
subsequently adjudicated dependent-neglected on the basis that Tillman had failed to protect
1
The trial court also terminated the parental rights of the children’s legal father,
Fredrick Burgess, Jr.; however, he is not a party to this appeal.
Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 119
her children, to which Tillman stipulated. DHS was ordered to provide her with services,
including parenting classes and counseling, and she was ordered to maintain stable
employment and housing, submit to a forensic psychological evaluation, comply with the
terms of her case plan, cooperate and maintain contact with DHS, attend supervised visits,
and demonstrate improved parenting. The adjudication order also provided that Tillman was
not to use controlled substances, was subject to random drug screens, and would obtain a
drug-and-alcohol assessment if she tested positive. Review orders were entered July 23, 2013;
December 3, 2013; January 6, 2014;2 and March 11, 2014. DHS and the attorney ad litem
filed a joint petition for termination of parental rights on April 22, 2014, alleging two
grounds: Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i) & (vii). Following a hearing, a permanency-
planning order was entered changing the goal from reunification to adoption. A termination
hearing was held on June 24, 2014, and continued until June 30, 2014, at 1:00 p.m.3
Constance Collier, a counselor at Centers for Youth and Families, testified that she
received a referral for counseling in November 2013. Collier testified that she immediately
contacted Tillman and scheduled her intake appointment for December 2013. Tillman
cancelled at the last minute. Collier attempted contacting Tillman without success. Collier
2
The trial court reserved the question of whether DHS had made reasonable efforts
to rehabilitate the mother, and DHS was ordered to ensure that referrals were made for
counseling and medication management. At the next hearing, the trial court found that DHS
had made reasonable efforts to provide family services.
3
While Tillman was present at the June 24 hearing, she was not at the June 30 hearing.
On the date of the second hearing, Tillman contacted counsel at 12:47 p.m. saying that she
did not have transportation. Counsel requested that Tillman be permitted to attend by
phone, but that request was denied.
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was able to schedule an appointment in January 2014, but Tillman did not show up. It was
rescheduled, but Tillman cancelled. Collier testified that she offered to meet Tillman
anywhere but was told that it was “not a convenient time.” The appointment was
rescheduled for later in January, but Tillman did not show up. Collier attempted to contact
Tillman in February 2014, but Tillman did not return her calls. In late March 2014, Tillman
called to make an appointment. By then, Collier was no longer providing counseling services
in Lonoke County.
Shiann Metheny, a counselor at Centers for Youth and Families, testified that she
received a referral for counseling Tillman in early April 2014. She scheduled an appointment
with Tillman at her mother’s house. Even though the appointment had been confirmed
earlier, no one answered the door. Metheny finally met Tillman for counseling on May 28,
2014. Metheny testified that Tillman had kept all of her scheduled appointments and was
making progress.
Dr. Paul Deyoub, a forensic psychologist, testified that he evaluated Tillman on
August 22, 2013, and that her background was one of “chaos and dysfunction.” Dr. Deyoub
testified that Tillman’s scores were extreme for depression and that she needed medication
and counseling. He stated that she had difficulty managing her children and would need
parenting classes. He also stated that Tillman lacked stability. Dr. Deyoub stated that Tillman
was living with her stepfather but that it was not an appropriate home because Tillman had
alleged that the stepfather physically abused her as a juvenile. He stated that Tillman needed
to have her own home, along with a job. According to Dr. Deyoub, Tillman had to address
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all of those issues before she could take care of her children. Dr. Deyoub testified that the
longer Tillman failed to follow his recommendations, the prognosis would diminish. Dr.
Deyoub stated that Tillman denied any drug abuse. According to Dr. Deyoub, if Tillman had
failed drug screens, that would be “a tremendous setback.”
Lakisha Tatum, a caseworker for DHS, testified that she began working with Tillman
in mid-October 2013. Tatum conceded that the prior caseworker, who was no longer with
DHS, had left the case in a confusing state and failed to provide all of the necessary
information such that a new case plan had to be developed in November 2013. Although it
appeared as though Tillman had completed parenting and anger-management classes, she had
not received any certificates of completion. Tatum testified that, while Tillman had worked
at a nursing home when the case was opened, she failed to maintain stable employment.
Although she worked at Sonic for a time and styled hair, she presented no pay stubs. Tillman
lived with her mother or father throughout the case. She stated that, while Tillman attended
most of her supervised visits with the children, she had missed visits due to lack of
transportation, even though DHS offered transportation if she gave sufficient notice.
Tatum testified that Tillman tested positive for THC on May 10, 2013; February 18,
2014; March 12, 2014; and March 18, 2014. Tillman completed her first drug-and-alcohol
assessment on June 4, 2013, and the recommendations were parenting classes, counseling,
and five Access to Recovery (ATR) classes. Tillman attended only two ATR classes in June
2013. A second drug-and-alcohol assessment was scheduled for January 19, 2014, but
Tillman did not show up. A hair-follicle test completed on January 28, 2014, was positive
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for cocaine and THC. Tatum testified that she offered inpatient treatment for substance
abuse, but Tillman refused and insisted that she did not have a problem with cocaine. In early
April 2014, Tatum inquired about outpatient drug treatment and was informed that Tillman
was already an ATR client but that her chart had been closed. In June 2014, Tatum learned
that the Family Service Agency had no more funds for ATR clients.
Tatum further testified that the first referral for counseling was made August 1, 2013,
but that the counselor needed additional information in November 2013. She agreed that
DHS was ordered to provide medication management in October 2013 and again in
December 2013; however, DHS could not make the appointment with a doctor until the
doctor heard from Tillman’s therapist. Tatum conceded that, since May 2014, when Tillman
began counseling, nothing had been done to follow up on the medication-management
order.
Stacy Johnson, a DHS caseworker, testified that she assisted with the children’s
transportation to visits with Tillman. Johnson testified that at one of the visits, Tillman had
spanked E.B. against court orders. According to Johnson, Tillman said that “she don’t give
a damn what the judge say.” Johnson took E.B. to her office to calm him down, and Tillman
tried to grab the child from her arms. Johnson testified that the police were called.
Deborah Kee, a DHS caseworker who supervised visits, testified that, after Tillman
slapped E.B. on the arm when he would not let her wipe his nose, Kee stopped the visits.
Kee then testified to circumstances under which Tillman had missed visits.
Kathleen Armstrong, an adoption specialist, testified that the boys were young and had
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no major medical issues. She stated that there were fifteen families who wanted to adopt the
four boys together.
II. Trial Court’s Findings
In the order entered August 1, 2014, the trial court terminated Tillman’s parental
rights based on the two grounds as alleged in DHS’s petition: (1) the juveniles have been
adjudicated dependent-neglected and have continued to be out of the custody of the parent
for twelve months and, despite a meaningful effort by DHS to rehabilitate the parent and
correct the conditions that caused removal, those conditions have not been remedied,4 and
(2) other factors or issues arose subsequent to the filing of the original petition for
dependency-neglect that demonstrate that placement of the juveniles in the parent’s custody
is contrary to the juveniles’ health, safety, or welfare and that, despite the offer of appropriate
family services, the parent has manifested the incapacity or indifference to remedy the
subsequent factors or issues or rehabilitate the parent’s circumstances that prevent the
placement of the juveniles in the custody of the parent.5 The trial court further found that
it was in the best interest of the children to terminate Tillman’s parental rights considering
both the likelihood that the children would be adopted and the potential harm caused by
returning the children to her custody.
III. Standard of Review
Termination-of-parental-rights cases are reviewed de novo. Allen v. Ark. Dep’t of
4
Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) (Supp. 2013).
5
Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a).
6
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Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 288, 384 S.W.3d 7. Grounds for termination of parental rights
must be proved by clear and convincing evidence, which is that degree of proof that will
produce in the finder of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be established. Id.
The appellate inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved
by clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous
when, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence
is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. In resolving the
clearly erroneous question, we give due regard to the opportunity of the trial court to judge
the credibility of witnesses. Id. Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in
derogation of a parent’s natural rights; however, parental rights will not be enforced to the
detriment or destruction of the health and well-being of the child. Id.
In order to terminate parental rights, a trial court must find by clear and convincing
evidence that termination is in the best interest of the juvenile, taking into consideration (1)
the likelihood that the juvenile will be adopted if the termination petition is granted; and (2)
the potential harm, specifically addressing the effect on the health and safety of the child,
caused by returning the child to the custody of the parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
341(b)(3)(A)(i) & (ii) (Supp. 2013). The trial court must also find by clear and convincing
evidence that one or more statutory grounds for termination exists. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
341(b)(3)(B). However, proof of only one statutory ground is sufficient to terminate parental
rights. Allen, supra.
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IV. Discussion
Tillman argues that the trial court erred in finding that she failed to remedy the
conditions that caused removal because DHS failed to make reasonable efforts to provide
services to rehabilitate her and correct the conditions that caused removal. A parent’s failure
to appeal from determinations that DHS made reasonable efforts to rehabilitate precludes that
argument in an appeal from the termination of parental rights. Gossett v. Ark. Dep’t of Human
Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 240, 374 S.W.3d 205. Tillman did not challenge the trial court’s
findings that DHS had made reasonable efforts to rehabilitate her, even at a point when the
trial court may have agreed with her. We cannot review the reasonable-efforts question for
the first time on appeal. Id.
In any event, while we agree that DHS contributed to the delay in receiving some of
the services, Tillman takes no responsibility for her actions in thwarting the service providers’
attempts to contact her and failing to participate in services she had started. Moreover,
Tillman received some services early on in the case, including a psychological evaluation,
drug tests, a drug-and-alcohol assessment, and outpatient drug classes. Despite DHS’s failures,
the evidence shows that Tillman did not attempt to complete many services until after the
petition for termination was filed. Evidence that a parent begins to make improvement as
termination becomes more imminent will not outweigh other evidence demonstrating a
failure to comply and to remedy the situation that caused the children to be removed in the
first place. Emmons v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 541. Termination of
Tillman’s parental rights could be affirmed on this ground alone.
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Next, Tillman argues that the trial court erred in finding that she manifested the
incapacity or indifference to remedy the subsequent factors and issues that arose. Tillman
further argues that the trial court erred in not giving her additional time because her failure
to complete services was due to DHS’s poor case planning and funding deficiencies. When
Tillman tested positive for cocaine in January 2014, DHS offered her inpatient drug
treatment, but Tillman refused. Outpatient drug treatment was available as early as June 2013,
as Tillman attended two ATR classes; however, Tillman failed to attend the remaining classes
and delayed seeking additional treatment until April 2014. By then, ATR had closed her
chart, likely due to noncompliance, and then temporarily ran out of funds. Tillman’s failure
to take advantage of the drug treatment offered and her continued use of drugs, as late as
March 18, 2014, demonstrate her indifference to remedying the subsequent factors. See, e.g.,
Allen, supra. Regarding Tillman’s request for additional time, completion of the case plan is
not determinative; rather, what matters is whether completing the requirements of the case
plan achieved the intended result of making a parent capable of caring for the child. Dowdy
v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2009 Ark. App. 180, 314 S.W.3d 722. Tillman had fourteen
months to remedy her situation, but she did not take advantage of the services that were
offered. Her children should not have to remain in limbo any longer. The overriding intent
of the legislature is to provide permanency in the life of a child. Id.
Finally, Tillman does not challenge the adoptability factor of the best-interest analysis,
but she contends that there was no potential harm in returning the children to her. We
disagree. The potential-harm evidence must be viewed in a forward-looking manner and
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considered in broad terms. B.H.1 v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 532.
Tillman’s continued use of drugs showed potential harm to the children. See, e.g., Allen,
supra. We hold that the trial court did not clearly err in terminating Tillman’s parental rights.
Affirmed.
GRUBER and GLOVER , JJ., agree.
Dusti Standridge, for appellant.
Tabitha B. McNulty, County Legal Operations; and Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith
L. Chrestman, for appellees.
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