Myers v. State

Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 720
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No. CR-14-296
MARLON TRAMAIN MYERS Opinion Delivered December 17, 2014
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE SEBASTIAN
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
FORT SMITH DISTRICT
[NO. CR-09-1011]
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE HONORABLE STEPHEN TABOR,
JUDGE
AFFIRMED
PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge
Appellant Marlon Myers attempts to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting the revocation of his suspended imposition of sentence. Because we conclude
that his arguments are not preserved for appeal, we affirm.
Myers entered a plea of guilty to one count of first-degree domestic battery and was
sentenced to six years’ imprisonment followed by fourteen years’ suspended imposition of
sentence (SIS). Among the terms and conditions of his SIS were that he not violate any
federal, state, or municipal law, and pay a $100 public-defender fee. The State subsequently
filed a petition to revoke Myers’s SIS, alleging that he had committed new criminal offenses
and failed to pay his court-ordered monetary obligations.
Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 720
At a revocation hearing, the State introduced certified copies of Myers’s convictions
for second-offense driving while intoxicated and driving on a suspended license; in addition,
the State introduced a case profile from Myers’s domestic-battery file, showing a balance of
fines and costs in the amount of $1,640 and a public-defender-fee balance of $100. The State
then rested, and Myers moved for a directed verdict, which the circuit court denied. Myers
then testified and admitted to having pled guilty to the DWI count.
At the conclusion of the hearing, Myers’s counsel argued for a more lenient sentence
but acknowledged that Myers’s suspended sentence for domestic battery would exclude him
from several programs, such as drug court or a regional correctional facility. The circuit court
found that Myers had violated the terms of his suspended sentence, revoked his SIS, and
sentenced him to four years in the Arkansas Department of Correction, followed by another
ten years’ SIS.
On appeal, Myers raises three separate arguments, asserting that the circuit court erred
by not directing a verdict because (1) the State failed to present any evidence that Myers was
subject to a suspended imposition of sentence; (2) the State failed to present any evidence
that Myers was subject to the terms and conditions of a suspended sentence; and (3) the State
failed to present any evidence that Myers had been given a copy of the terms and conditions
of a suspended sentence. None of these arguments are preserved for appellate review.
Myers’s first two points address the State’s failure to introduce a copy of the terms and
conditions of his SIS. He urges that the only evidence offered by the State was evidence of
his DWI-related convictions and his failure to pay his fines and public-defender fee. He
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asserts that the State failed to introduce a copy of the terms and conditions of his SIS in order
to prove that he was subject to a SIS or to prove the requirements of the terms and
conditions of the SIS. Thus, Myers contends that there was insufficient evidence on which
the circuit court could revoke his SIS.
Myers couches his argument as a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, which
is an argument that may be raised for the first time on appeal in an appeal of a revocation in
the absence of a motion for directed verdict. See Barbee v. State, 346 Ark. 185, 56 S.W.3d 370
(2001). This court, however, has held that an argument that the State failed to introduce a
copy of the terms and conditions of a suspended sentence is a procedural objection that must
be raised before the circuit court. Cotta v. State, 2013 Ark. App. 117; Whitener v. State, 96
Ark. App. 354, 241 S.W.3d 779 (2006). Myers never objected to the State’s failure to
introduce the terms and conditions of his suspended sentence. Under Cotta and Whitener,
therefore, Myers’s first two arguments are not preserved for appeal.
Myers’s third point on appeal is that, because the State failed to introduce evidence
showing that he was given a copy of the terms and conditions of his SIS, the circuit court
was “foreclos[ed] from knowing what terms and conditions Myers was to follow.” Myers
urges that this specific argument is not a procedural argument but is, instead, a challenge to
the sufficiency of the evidence and thus distinguishable from Cotta, supra.
This same argument, however, was rejected in Nelson v. State, 84 Ark. App. 373, 141
S.W.3d 900 (2004). There, the appellant argued that the State failed to produce proof at the
revocation hearing that a written list of probationary conditions had ever been given to him,
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and that his probation therefore could not be revoked. This court disagreed, noting that
Nelson had never raised the issue by pointing out to the trial court that he had not been
furnished a written statement of his conditions or by objecting to the revocation hearing on
that ground. Nelson, 84 Ark. App. at 379, 141 S.W.3d at 904. The court explained as follows:
The reason for the statutory requirement in Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-303 (Repl.
1997) that probationary conditions be given to probationers in writing is to avoid
misunderstanding by the probationer. This requirement comports with due process;
otherwise, the trial courts have no power to imply and then later revoke on
conditions that were not expressly communicated in writing to the defendant. This
is not an issue of jurisdiction that can be raised at any time; it is instead a procedural
issue that is waived by appellant’s failure to raise it to the trial court.
Id. at 380, 141 S.W.3d at 904–05 (internal citations omitted). Accordingly, because Myers
did not object on this basis at his revocation hearing, his arguments are not preserved for
appeal.
Myers nonetheless argues in his reply brief that, in Scroggins v. State, 2012 Ark. App.
87, at 6, 389 S.W.3d 40, 44, this court called the introduction of the actual terms and
conditions of probation “to be something of a procedural/sufficiency hybrid.” There, the
court considered the merits of Scroggins’s challenge to the State’s failure to introduce the
terms and conditions of his probation, even though he had not raised that specific argument
below. Myers thus contends that we should address the merits of his argument.
We disagree, and we take this opportunity to note that Scroggins is the only reported
Arkansas case that utilizes the “procedural/sufficiency hybrid” language. That case was also
limited to its specific facts, in that the revocation of Scroggins’s probation was based on his
failure to pay fines, fees, costs, and restitution. Nelson, Whitener, and Cotta all involved
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revocations based on violations of law; as the court pointed out in Whitener, “[b]ecause our
statutory law requires that every probationary sentence contain the condition that the
probationer not violate the law, and because everyone is presumed to know the law, it was
not necessary for the State to introduce into evidence the probationary condition that
appellant not violate the law.” Whitener, 96 Ark. App. at 357, 241 S.W.3d at 782; see also
Costes v. State, 103 Ark. App. 171, 175, 287 S.W.3d 639, 642 (2008) (“Whether there is
proof that a probationer received written conditions of probation is a procedural matter, and
not one of the sufficiency of the evidence, because the purpose of providing the conditions
in writing is to prevent confusion on the probationer’s part.”).
Scroggins is thus somewhat of an outlier in our jurisprudence, and it is clearly not
applicable to the instant case. We therefore reject Myers’s argument and conclude that his
argument is not preserved for appeal.
Affirmed.
GLADWIN , C.J., and HIXSON , J., agree.
Hancock Law Firm, by: Charles D. Hancock, for appellant.
Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Kathryn Henry, Ass’t Att’y Gen., and Trae Norton, Law
Student Admitted to Practice Pursuant to Rule XV of the Rules Governing Admission to the
Bar of the Supreme Court under the supervision of Darnisa Evans Johnson, Deputy Att’y Gen.,
for appellee.
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