In re: Craighton Thomas Boates

FILED
1 ORDERED PUBLISHED JUL 08 2016
SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
2 U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
3 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
4 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
5 In re: ) BAP No. AZ-15-1279-KuJaJu
)
6 CRAIGHTON THOMAS BOATES, ) Bk. No. 2:14-bk-17115-GBN
)
7 Debtor. ) Adv. No. 2:15-ap-00269-GBN
______________________________)
8 )
DALE D. ULRICH, Chapter 7 )
9 Trustee, )
)
10 Appellant, )
)
11 v. ) ORDER ON MOTION FOR REHEARING
)
12 SCHIAN WALKER, P.L.C., )
)
13 Appellee. )
______________________________)
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15 Before: KURTZ, JAIME1 and JURY, Bankruptcy Judges.
16 This panel has received and reviewed appellee Schian
17 Walker’s motion for rehearing filed pursuant to Rule 8022. In
18 the motion, Schian Walker raises a single point it claims this
19 Panel misapprehended. Contrary to this Panel’s ruling, Schian
20 Walker contends that, under the adversary proceeding retainer
21 agreement it entered into with Boates, the $60,000 flat fee was
22 supposed to constitute full advance payment not only for services
23 to be rendered but also for all litigation costs to be incurred.
24 Schian Walker has admitted that its form statement of
25 Billing Policies and Procedures is incorporated into every
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27
1
Hon. Christopher D. Jaime, United States Bankruptcy Judge
28 for the Eastern District of California, sitting by designation.
1 representation agreement it enters into, including the
2 November 5, 2014 letter agreement it entered into with Boates.
3 Indeed, the letter agreement (prepared by Schian Walker) contains
4 a provision in which Boates is required to acknowledge that he
5 has read both the letter agreement and the Billing Policies and
6 Procedures statement and that he has agreed to both of them.
7 Along similar lines, the Billing Policies and Procedures
8 statement contains the following introductory paragraph:
9 It is the policy of Schian Walker, P.L.C. (the “Firm”)
to provide this statement of Billing Policies and
10 Procedures (the “Policy”) to each of its clients,
together with a cover letter that defines the scope of
11 the representation and reflects any other agreed terms
that may be unique to a particular client or
12 representation (the “Engagement Letter”).
13 (Emphasis added.)
14 The Billing Policies and Procedures statement contains a
15 paragraph specifying that Boates is liable “for all out-of-pocket
16 costs incurred in connection with the matter.” Meanwhile, the
17 letter agreement never refers to costs at all. Instead, it
18 focuses exclusively on the services Schian Walker was promising
19 to provide in exchange for a flat fee of $60,000. For instance,
20 the letter agreement stated that Schian Walker was willing to
21 defend Boates in the anticipated nondischargeability litigation
22 for a flat fee of $60,000 and that the flat fee would cover “the
23 value of all work we will perform through the conclusion of the
24 Adversary Proceeding.” To reiterate, the letter agreement says
25 absolutely nothing about costs.
26 In our June 9, 2016 Opinion, we construed the parties’
27 contract as including an obligation by Boates to pay all
28 litigation costs. This construction was based on the seemingly
2
1 unequivocal language on the face of the contract. This
2 construction also was based on the argument included in Ulrich’s
3 appeal brief that the legal services contract between Boates and
4 Schian Walker was an executory contract, in part, because of the
5 costs provision. Schian Walker’s responsive appeal brief
6 cursorily addressed the costs aspect of Ulrich’s executory
7 contract argument, but Schian Walker never explained how the
8 seemingly unequivocal language of the letter agreement could be
9 interpreted to address litigation costs when the letter agreement
10 never mentions them.
11 In its rehearing motion, Schian Walker in essence contends
12 that, when it referred in its letter agreement to a flat fee for
13 services to be rendered, it really meant a flat fee for services
14 to be rendered and for all litigation costs to be incurred. To
15 support this alternate construction of the parties’ contract,
16 Schian Walker relies for the first time upon extrinsic evidence,
17 which it claims demonstrates the parties’ true intent – that
18 Boates’ $60,000 advance payment would cover both fees and costs.
19 It is not necessary for us to resolve the question of
20 contract interpretation raised by Schian Walker’s rehearing
21 motion. Even if we were to conclude that Boates did not owe
22 Schian Walker any costs under the retainer agreement and even if
23 we were to conclude, based thereon, that the retainer agreement
24 was not an executory contract, this would not change the ruling
25 we made in our June 9, 2016 Opinion.
26 Contract rights held by the debtor on the date of his or her
27 petition filing are property of the bankruptcy estate regardless
28 of whether the rights are associated with an executory or non-
3
1 executory contract. See Gordon v. Hines (In re Hines), 147 F.3d
2 1185, 1189 (9th Cir. 1998) (stating that a prepaid contractual
3 right to future legal services that “exists at the outset of the
4 bankruptcy case . . . becomes property of the debtor’s estate”).
5 In re Hines’s statement regarding the scope of bankruptcy
6 estate property, and the inclusion of contract rights within it,
7 is by no means novel. As early as 1984, the Ninth Circuit held
8 that prepetition contract rights are included within the
9 Bankruptcy Code’s definition of bankruptcy estate property. Rau
10 v. Ryerson (In re Ryerson), 739 F.2d 1423, 1425 (9th Cir. 1984);
11 see also Sliney v. Battley (In re Schmitz), 270 F.3d 1254, 1258
12 (9th Cir. 2001) (listing additional Ninth Circuit cases); Johnson
13 v. Taxel (In re Johnson), 178 B.R. 216, 218-19 (9th Cir. BAP
14 1995) (holding that proceeds of contracts rights arising from
15 prepetition sales contract were estate property).
16 The Ninth Circuit’s more recent decisions dealing with
17 contract rights in bankruptcy are consistent with In re Hines, In
18 re Ryerson and In re Johnson. See, e.g., Gladstone v. U.S.
19 Bancorp, 811 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th Cir. 2016) (holding that
20 debtor’s rights arising from prepetition life insurance policies
21 were estate property); First Ave. W. Bldg., LLC v. James (In re
22 Onecast Media, Inc.), 439 F.3d 558, 563 (9th Cir. 2006) (opining
23 that trustee’s rejection of lease did not divest the bankruptcy
24 estate of whatever lease rights debtor was entitled to under the
25 lease and under applicable nonbankruptcy law as of the date of
26 the petition filing).
27 In our June 9, 2016 Opinion, we did not address the status
28 in bankruptcy of contract rights arising from non-executory
4
1 contracts because we did not consider it necessary to our
2 resolution of the appeal. However, Schian Walker’s rehearing
3 motion has opened the door to our considering whether the result
4 would be the same for both executory contracts and non-executory
5 contracts. We hold that the result is the same based on the
6 Ninth Circuit case law set forth above.
7 Accordingly, to the extent we might have erred in holding
8 that the retainer agreement was executory, any such error was
9 harmless error, and we must ignore harmless error. Van Zandt v.
10 Mbunda (In re Mbunda), 484 B.R. 344, 355 (9th Cir. BAP 2012),
11 aff’d, 604 F. App’x 552 (9th Cir. 2015).
12 For the reasons set forth above, Schian Walker’s motion for
13 rehearing is hereby ORDERED DENIED.
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