In re: MARK KEVIN HANNA and JENNIFER McWILLIAMS-HANNA

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
NOV 13 2018
SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
In re: BAP No. EW-18-1071-FLS
MARK KEVIN HANNA and JENNIFER Bk. No. 2:16-bk-03437-FPC
McWILLIAMS-HANNA,
Debtors.
ALLAN MARGITAN,
Appellant,
v. MEMORANDUM*
MARK KEVIN HANNA; JENNIFER
McWILLIAMS-HANNA,
Appellees.
Argued and Submitted on October 25, 2018
at Pasadena, California
Filed – November 13, 2018
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication. Although it may be cited for
whatever persuasive value it may have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential
value, see 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
for the Eastern District of Washington
Honorable Frederick P. Corbit, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
Appearances: Appellant Allan Margitan argued pro se; Ian Ledlin,
Phillabaum Ledlin Matthews & Sheldon, PLLC, argued
on behalf of appellees Mark Kevin Hanna and Jennifer
McWilliams-Hanna.
Before: FARIS, LAFFERTY, and SPRAKER, Bankruptcy Judges.
INTRODUCTION
The parties are neighbors who have been locked in an acrimonious
dispute for over six years. In this skirmish, creditor Allan Margitan appeals
from the denial of his motion to dismiss Mark Kevin Hanna’s and Jennifer
McWilliams-Hanna’s (collectively, the “Hannas”) chapter 11 1 case.
Mr. Margitan argued that the Hannas were paying less every month than
what their confirmed plan required. The Hannas argued, however, that
they had actually paid more than the plan required.
The bankruptcy court had concerns about the Hannas’ ability to
make future payments but held that, at the time Mr. Margitan sought
dismissal, the Hannas were current on their payments and had not
1
Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section references are to the
Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
2
materially breached their plan. We agree and AFFIRM.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND2
A. The underlying property dispute3
Mr. Margitan and the Hannas have been neighbors since 2002. The
Hannas own what is known as Parcel 2 of a three-parcel short plat;
Mr. Margitan and his wife own Parcels 1 and 3 and live on Parcel 1.
Parcel 3 is a lakeside property that contains a high-end vacation home that
the Margitans remodeled for use as a rental property. Parcel 3 is benefitted
by a forty-foot wide ingress, egress, and utility easement over the Hannas’
Parcel 2. In 2002, a water-line supplying potable water to the parcels was
installed somewhere in the forty-foot easement.
In 2003, the Hannas obtained a permit from the Spokane Regional
Health District (“SRHD”) to construct a septic tank and drain field for
Parcel 2. The Hannas (or their agent) told SRHD, incorrectly, that the
easement was only twenty feet wide. Mr. Hanna knew that the easement
was forty feet wide but never gave his contractor that information. Because
of that error, the Hannas’ septic tank and drain field were placed partly
2
We exercise our discretion to review the bankruptcy court’s docket, as
appropriate. See Woods & Erickson, LLP v. Leonard (In re AVI, Inc.), 389 B.R. 721, 725 n.2
(9th Cir. BAP 2008).
3
This is the second appearance of the Hannas and Mr. Margitan before this
Panel. We borrow heavily from the facts stated in our prior decision, Margitan v. Hanna
(In re Hanna), BAP No. EW-17-1238-BJF, 2018 WL 1770960, at *1-2 (9th Cir. BAP Apr. 13,
2018).
3
within the forty-foot easement in violation of Washington law.
In 2012, the Hannas filed a quiet title action against the Margitans in
state court to resolve easement issues for the three parcels. The Margitans
filed a counterclaim for intentional interference with their easement and
requested that the Hannas remove their sewage system from it.
The Margitans initially prevailed in their litigation against the
Hannas. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the Margitans in the
amount of $422,934 for damages resulting from the Hannas’ intentional
interference with the Margitans’ easement, including lost rents and
emotional distress. The state court entered a judgment on the verdict and
ordered the Hannas to remove the existing drain field encroaching on the
easement.
The state court later reduced the jury’s damages award and entered
an amended judgment against the Hannas for $297,834 (“State Court
Judgment”).
The Hannas appealed the State Court Judgment; the Margitans
cross-appealed (“State Court Appeal”).
B. Bankruptcy proceedings
The Hannas filed a chapter 11 bankruptcy petition on November 2,
2016. The bankruptcy court granted the Hannas relief from the automatic
stay to proceed with the State Court Appeal and allowed them to continue
installing a new drain field.
4
On May 24, 2017, the Hannas proposed an amended chapter 11 plan
(“Plan”) and disclosure statement. Because Mr. Hanna’s monthly income
varied, Part 9.3 of the Plan provided that the Hannas would make monthly
payments based on a formula. The formula allowed the Hannas to keep the
first $7,760 of their wages and commissions per month for living expenses.
Of the remaining amount, the Hannas would retain an additional ten
percent, while ninety percent would go into an account (the “DIP Agent
General Account”) from which disbursements would be made. The Plan
provided that the Hannas’ counsel would administer the DIP Agent
General Account and other accounts established under the Plan.
The Hannas proposed to pay the Margitans’ claim based on the State
Court Judgment, to the extent it was allowed, in full plus interest within
sixty months of the “Effective Date of Plan.”4
The Plan noted that the outcome of the State Court Appeal would
determine the amount of the Margitans’ claim. The Plan thus provided
that, in the meantime, amounts distributable to the Margitans would be
held in two special accounts. The first account, the “DIP Agent Margitan
Secured Account,” would hold proceeds of the sale of assets against which
the Margitans held a judgment lien. The second account, the “DIP Agent
Margitan Unsecured Account,” would hold other funds distributable to the
4
Under Part 2.25 of the Plan, “‘Effective Date of Plan’ shall mean when the order
confirming this Plan becomes final and non-appealable.”
5
Margitans.
The Plan provided for distributions to the Margitans from a
combination of sources.
First, Part 9.4 of the Plan provided that the Margitans would receive
any available insurance proceeds.
Second, Part 9.6 of the Plan required the Hannas to sell a business
(The Tin Cup Café and Country Store, LLC) and associated real property
owned by Ms. McWilliams-Hanna and a friend. The Hannas would deposit
their half of the sale proceeds of the business and the real property (after
payment of the sales costs and a senior lien) into the DIP Agent General
Account and the DIP Agent Margitan Secured Account, respectively.
Third, Part 9.14 provided that the Margitans would receive a pro rata
share of distributions to unsecured creditors from the DIP Agent General
Account. While the State Court Appeal was pending, the Margitans’ share
would be held in the DIP Agent Margitan Unsecured Account.
Fourth, if the funds from the first three sources were insufficient to
satisfy the Margitans’ claim within sixty months of the “Effective Date of
Plan,” the Hannas would list Parcel 2, which was their residence, or a
separate parcel of real estate they owned, or both, for sale within forty-five
days of the entry of a final, non-appealable judgment in the State Court
Appeal and use the net proceeds of the sale to pay the Margitans’ claim.
No later than forty-five days after a non-appealable judgment in the
6
State Court Appeal, the Margitans would receive the amounts deposited in
the DIP Agent Margitan Secured Account and the DIP Agent Margitan
Unsecured Account.
The Margitans filed a motion to dismiss the Hannas’ case for bad
faith. The bankruptcy court denied the Margitans’ motion to dismiss and
confirmed the Hannas’ Plan on August 9, 2017.
Mr. Margitan appealed the bankruptcy court’s decisions to the BAP.
Earlier this year, we affirmed. Mr. Margitan further appealed to the Ninth
Circuit, where the matter is pending.
C. The second motion to dismiss
After the bankruptcy court confirmed the Hannas’ Plan, the
Margitans filed a second motion to dismiss (“Motion to Dismiss”).
The Motion to Dismiss was short and fairly perfunctory. The
Margitans presented two grounds for dismissal under § 1112(b)(4). First,
they argued that the Hannas failed to comply with the Plan by making a
$1,000 insurance deductible payment without prior court approval. Second,
the Margitans alleged that the Hannas have “spent excessively . . . in excess
of funds designated in the plan” and had not deposited as much as they
should have into the DIP Agent General Account or the DIP Agent
Margitan Unsecured Account.
In response, the Hannas represented that they were current because,
between the petition date and January 23, 2018, they paid $90,739.94 into
7
the DIP Agent General Account and $32,748.30 into the DIP Agent
Margitan Unsecured Account. They argued that there was no substantial
continuing loss to or diminution of the estate under § 1112(b)(4)(A); that
they had not grossly mismanaged the estate under § 1112(b)(4)(B); that
they had not used any cash collateral under § 1112(b)(4)(D); and that they
had complied with all orders of the court under § 1112(b)(4)(E).
The Margitans raised additional assertions in their reply to the
Hannas’ opposition. They claimed that the Hannas disregarded their duties
by failing to file required reports. They argued that the Hannas used cash
collateral5 without court approval, including the purchase of a refrigerator,
repairs to a truck, payment of college tuition, and the purchase of a new
vehicle. They also contended that the Hannas grossly mismanaged the
estate by paying for legal services that were not relevant to the bankruptcy
case.
D. Hearing on the Motion to Dismiss
At the evidentiary hearing on the Motion to Dismiss, the presentation
of evidence was often confusing. Among other things, the parties offered
various calculations of the amounts due or paid under the Plan that could
5
The Margitans’ counsel had earlier argued that the money that should be going
into the DIP Agent Margitan Unsecured Account is cash collateral: “The money that
goes to my client and the money that under the plan that’s earmarked to my client is
cash collateral under the Bankruptcy Code.” The bankruptcy court was skeptical of this
position.
8
not be reconciled.
1. Payment formula under Part 9.3
The court had to sort through the payment calculations. Mr. Hanna
testified that he believed that he had paid the required amounts into the
DIP Agent General Account. But Mr. Margitan testified that, using the Plan
formula, the Hannas were approximately $15,000 short.
In discussions between the court and counsel, it came to light that the
Hannas’ counsel had been miscalculating the required monthly deposits.
Using a hypothetical month where Mr. Hanna earns $18,000, the court
summarized Part 9.3 of the Plan: “So we take this $18,000 dollar amount,
subtract the $7,700 dollars, and then 90 percent of that remaining balance is
supposed to go into the plan[.]” However, the Hannas’ counsel had
calculated the monthly deposit backwards by first dividing Mr. Hannas’
income into the 90/10 split, then subtracting the $7,760 from the portion to
be paid into the DIP Agent General Account.6
6
According to the court’s hypothetical, the Hannas should have paid $9,216 into
the DIP Agent General Account:
$18,000
- $7,760
$10,240
x .9
$9,216 (with $8,784 to the Hannas)
But using the Hannas’ counsel’s calculations, the Hannas would have paid only $8,440
(continued...)
9
2. Sufficiency of payments into the DIP Agent General Account
Even when the formula was sorted out, the parties still did not agree
whether the Hannas had paid enough into the DIP Agent General Account.
On the one hand, the Hannas maintained that they had paid over $92,000
into the DIP Agent General Account; yet the Margitans insisted that the
Hannas violated the Plan because they should have paid approximately
$50,000 and were $15,000 short.
After a tortured inquiry, the court hit upon the discrepancy in the
parties’ calculations. The Hannas had begun paying into the DIP Agent
General Account before the Plan was confirmed. This resulted in a grand
total of $92,000 in payments between May 2017 and January 2018.
Conversely, Mr. Margitan’s calculations focused exclusively on the
postconfirmation time period between September 2017 and January 2018,
during which the Hannas were short every month.7
6
(...continued)
into the DIP Agent General Account:
$18,000
x .9
$16,200
- $7,760
$8,440 (with $9,560 to the Hannas)
7
The Margitans’ counsel pointed out that many of the monthly payments into
the DIP Agent General Account were made late. Mr. Hanna testified that he was
unaware that the Plan required payment by the tenth of each month.
10
The Margitans argued that it was improper to count preconfirmation
payments when considering compliance with the Plan. They also
contended that the Plan was unfeasible going forward. The Hannas’
counsel once again fell on his sword: “There’s been a little bit of a glitch,
that was my fault. Fortunately, they front-loaded that, and I’ve spoken
with Mr. Hanna and the problem will be rectified.”
3. The Hannas’ spending habits and “extravagant lifestyle”
The court also heard testimony regarding the Hannas’ spending and
lifestyle.
Mr. Hanna testified that he paid a $1,000 insurance deductible when
his daughter was involved in an automobile accident. His counsel then
confirmed that “Mr. Hanna did call me about that before the check was
written, and I just didn’t think about filing an application . . . .” Counsel
said that he would rectify his oversight by making sure that the Margitans
and general unsecured creditors “are paid in full before I draw the last
$1,000 of allowed fees.” Mr. Hanna also testified that he used the insurance
proceeds from another vehicle that was involved in an accident and
purchased a replacement vehicle without notifying the court.
Mr. Margitan countered that the Hannas were living beyond their
means. He had carefully parsed the Hannas’ expenditures and pointed out
what he considered “lavish” and “excessive” spending. However, the
Hannas testified that they did not live lavishly; Ms. McWilliams-Hanna
11
testified that she only spent money on food and that she otherwise “do[es]
absolutely nothing.” Mr. Hanna stated that the bankruptcy forced the
family to forego medical procedures, cancel or suspend their membership
in the Spokane Club, curtail vacations, and reduce or eliminate Christmas,
birthday, and Valentine’s Day gifts.
4. The court’s decision and additional briefing
The bankruptcy court denied the Motion to Dismiss. The court was
concerned that the Hannas were only current on the Plan payments
because they had begun making payment prior to confirmation and would
likely have trouble going forward. But the court noted that, at that time, the
Hannas were current on their payments. The court ordered the Hannas to
provide the court with a report of required payments and actual payments
through May 2018. It scheduled an additional hearing and advised the
parties that it would entertain dismissing the case sua sponte after
reviewing the report.
After the hearing, counsel for the Hannas filed a declaration
concerning the estate’s finances in response to some of the court’s
questions. He attested that the Hannas deposited $91,822.71 into the DIP
Agent General Account through January 2018. He stated that $32,748.39
has been deposited into the DIP Agent Margitan Unsecured Account.
Furthermore, attorneys’ fees totaled $41,000. Finally, the balance of the DIP
12
Agent General Account on February 28, 2018 was $32,974.58. 8
The bankruptcy court entered an order denying the Motion to
Dismiss. Mr. Margitan, pro se, timely filed a notice of appeal.
E. The Hannas’ successful state court appeal
On July 24, 2018, the Washington Court of Appeals issued an
unpublished disposition reversing the State Court Judgment. The
Margitans filed a petition for review before the Washington Supreme Court
on October 15.9
JURISDICTION
The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334
and 157(b)(2)(A) and (O).
A. The order is final and appealable.
The Hannas filed a motion to dismiss this appeal, arguing that the
8
On May 15, 2018, the Hannas filed the required report on their compliance.
They reported that they should have paid $50,717.68 into the DIP Agent General
Account postconfirmation (September 2017 to May 2018), but a $5,959.34
postconfirmation shortfall remained. However, preconfirmation (May to August 2017),
the Hannas contributed $47,624.03 to the DIP Agent General Account. As a result, the
Hannas have paid a total of $92,382.37, which is $41,664.69 more than the
postconfirmation amount due. Moreover, $44,437.89 had been paid into the DIP Agent
Margitan Unsecured Account. As far as the docket reveals, the court has not taken any
further action.
9
The record in the bankruptcy court indicates that the Margitans’ appellate
counsel filed the petition for review twenty-one minutes after the filing deadline. Thus,
it is currently unclear whether the Margitans filed a timely petition for review and, if so,
whether the Washington Supreme Court will grant review.
13
order denying the Motion to Dismiss is interlocutory and Mr. Margitan did
not seek leave to appeal. A motions panel denied that motion, stating that
“the denial of the motion to dismiss, post-confirmation, is sufficiently final
for an immediate appeal.” Federal courts are always obligated to consider
their own subject matter jurisdiction, so we address the finality of the
bankruptcy court’s order.
Bankruptcy’s flexible finality standard dictates that “[o]rders in
bankruptcy cases may be appealed immediately ‘if they finally dispose of
discrete disputes within the larger case . . . .’” Eden Place, LLC v. Perl (In re
Perl), 811 F.3d 1120, 1125 (9th Cir. 2016) (citation omitted). Here, where the
bankruptcy court already confirmed the Plan, the denial of the Motion to
Dismiss meant that the Margitans’ motion was “definitively and finally
resolved. Resolution of that issue is as final as it will ever be in this case.”
Id. at 1127; see Vicenty v. San Miguel Sandoval (In re San Miguel Sandoval), 327
B.R. 493, 505 (1st Cir. BAP 2005) (“Although orders denying motions to
dismiss are generally interlocutory, such an order is final and appealable
where a reorganization plan has already been confirmed, since the order
effectively ends all litigation on the merits of dismissal.”).
In this case, when the bankruptcy court denied the Motion to
Dismiss, it also scheduled a further status hearing and indicated that it
might dismiss the case sua sponte depending on the result of that hearing.
We conclude that the order is final and appealable despite the latter
14
provision. The court denied the Margitans’ motion outright. The fact that
the court might decide, based on additional information and subsequent
events, to dismiss the case on its own motion does not detract from the
finality of the order.
B. This appeal is not moot.
Before we consider the merits of this appeal, we must satisfy
ourselves that this appeal is not moot despite the Washington Court of
Appeals’ reversal of the State Court Judgment and the possible reduction
of the Margitans’ claim to zero.
If we cannot grant Mr. Margitan effective relief, we must dismiss the
appeal as moot. “We cannot exercise jurisdiction over a moot appeal.” Ellis
v. Yu (In re Ellis), 523 B.R. 673, 677 (9th Cir. BAP 2014) (citing United States
v. Pattullo (In re Pattullo), 271 F.3d 898, 900 (9th Cir. 2001); GTE Cal., Inc. v.
F.C.C., 39 F.3d 940, 945 (9th Cir. 1994)). “[A] case is moot when the issues
presented are no longer ‘live’ or the parties lack a legally cognizable
interest in the outcome.” City of Erie v. Pap’s A.M., 529 U.S. 277, 287 (2000)
(quoting Cty. of L.A. v. Davis, 440 U.S. 625, 631 (1979)). Determining
constitutional mootness turns on whether “the appellate court can give the
appellant any effective relief in the event that it decides the matter on the
merits in [its] favor.” Pilate v. Burrell (In re Burrell), 415 F.3d 994, 998 (9th
Cir. 2005).
Washington state law dictates whether Mr. Margitan has a viable
15
claim against the Hannas. After the Washington Court of Appeals decides
an appeal, a party may file a petition for review within thirty days of the
decision (or decision on a motion to publish or motion to reconsider).
Wash. R. App. P. 13.4(a). If no one appeals the decision, or the Supreme
Court denies a petition for review, the Court of Appeals will issue a
mandate terminating appellate review. Wash. R. App. P. 12.5(a), 12.5(b),
12.7(a).
The Margitans filed a petition for review, and the parties confirmed
at oral argument that the petition for review is still pending (even though
there is a dispute over its timeliness). No mandate has issued. Accordingly,
Mr. Margitan’s claim is still alive, and he has a legally cognizable interest in
the outcome. Mr. Margitan still has the right to maintain this appeal.
Therefore, we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158.
ISSUE
Whether the bankruptcy court abused its discretion in denying the
Motion to Dismiss.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the bankruptcy court’s ruling on a motion to dismiss
under an abuse of discretion standard. Marshall v. Marshall (In re Marshall),
721 F.3d 1032, 1045 (9th Cir. 2013); Sullivan v. Harnisch (In re Sullivan), 522
B.R. 604, 611 (9th Cir. BAP 2014). We apply a two-part test to determine
whether the bankruptcy court abused its discretion. First, we consider de
16
novo whether the bankruptcy court applied the correct legal standard to
the relief requested. Then, we review the bankruptcy court’s factual
findings for clear error. In re Sullivan, 522 B.R. at 611 (citing United States v.
Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261-62 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc)). We must affirm
the bankruptcy court’s factual findings unless we conclude that they are
illogical, implausible, or without support in the record. Id. at 612 (citing
Hinkson, 585 F.3d at 1262).
DISCUSSION
A. The bankruptcy court has wide discretion to determine whether
there is “cause” to dismiss.
Section 1112(b)(1) provides that “the court shall convert a case under
this chapter to a case under chapter 7 or dismiss a case under this chapter,
whichever is in the best interests of creditors and the estate, for cause . . . .”
As is relevant to this appeal, “cause” includes (for example) 10:
(A) substantial or continuing loss to or diminution of the estate
and the absence of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation;
(B) gross mismanagement of the estate;
....
(E) failure to comply with an order of the court;
(F) unexcused failure to satisfy timely any filing or reporting
10
Section 102(3) provides that “‘includes’ and ‘including’ are not limiting. . . .”
17
requirement established by this title or by any rule applicable to
a case under this chapter . . . .
§ 1112(b)(4).
The bankruptcy court has broad discretion to determine what
constitutes “cause” adequate for dismissal under § 1112(b). See In re
Sullivan, 522 B.R. at 614; see also Toibb v. Radloff, 501 U.S. 157, 165 (1991)
(stating that bankruptcy courts have “substantial discretion” to dismiss a
chapter 11 case); Chu v. Syntron Bioresearch, Inc. (In re Chu), 253 B.R. 92, 95
(S.D. Cal. 2000) (“Bankruptcy courts have broad discretion to convert or
dismiss a Chapter 11 petition for ‘cause’ shown.”); In re Hoyle, No. 1:10-
bk-01484-TLM, 2013 WL 210254, at *8 (Bankr. D. Idaho Jan. 17, 2013) (“That
the itemized grounds are non-exclusive fulfills the Congressional purpose
of giving ‘wide discretion to the court to make an appropriate disposition
of the case when a party in interest requests,’ by allowing the court to
‘consider other factors as they arise.’” (citations omitted)). If the court
determines that “cause” exists, then it must determine whether conversion
or dismissal is in the best interest of the creditors and the estate. In re AVI,
Inc., 389 B.R. at 729. “The movant bears the burden of establishing by a
preponderance of the evidence that cause exists.” In re Sullivan, 522 B.R. at
614 (citing StellarOne Bank v. Lakewatch, LLC (In re Park), 436 B.R. 811, 815
(Bankr. W.D. Va. 2010)).
18
B. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying the
Motion to Dismiss.
1. Monthly payments into the DIP Agent General Account
Mr. Margitan argues that, as a result of the Hannas’ excessive
personal spending, they have not fully funded the DIP Agent General
Account in violation of a court order (i.e., the order confirming the Plan)
and that this failure warrants dismissal under § 1112(b)(4)(E). 11
Section 1112(b)(4)(E) provides that failure to comply with an order of
the court can be “cause” for dismissal. However, the court has wide
discretion to determine whether a particular violation or set of violations
amounts to “cause.” “[T]he circumstances of lack of compliance may be
taken into account by the court in determining whether to dismiss or
convert the case.” 7 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 1112.04[6][e] (Richard Levin &
Henry J. Sommer, eds. 16th ed. rev. 2018).
As the bankruptcy court determined at the hearing on the Motion to
Dismiss, Mr. Margitan focused solely on the amounts contributed to the
DIP Agent General Account postconfirmation (approximately $34,000),
ignoring the fact that the Hannas had additionally contributed a significant
sum preconfirmation (totaling approximately $92,000). The bankruptcy
11
Although Mr. Margitan invoked § 1112(b)(4)(E) for the failure to comply with a
court order, § 1112(b)(4)(N) might have been more appropriate, which concerns
“material default by the debtor with respect to a confirmed plan[.]” But no one raised
this issue (before the bankruptcy court or on appeal), and it is not clear that it would
have made any difference in the final analysis.
19
court did not abuse its discretion in construing the Plan to permit such
preconfirmation payments toward the DIP Agent General Account. See
Marciano v. Fahs (In re Marciano), 459 B.R. 27, 35 (9th Cir. BAP 2011), aff’d,
708 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2013) (“We owe substantial deference to the
bankruptcy court’s interpretation of its own orders and will not overturn
that interpretation unless we are convinced that it amounts to an abuse of
discretion.” (citation omitted)). While the court had understandable
concerns about the Hannas’ ability to fund the Plan going forward, the
court did not abuse its discretion in determining that, as of the order on the
Motion to Dismiss, the Hannas were current.12
Mr. Margitan also complains that the Hannas violated the Plan by
making payments after the tenth day of each month. Mr. Hanna testified
that he was unaware of the deadlines in the Plan, and Mr. Margitan did not
identify how he had been prejudiced (because he is not entitled to any
distributions until the State Court Appeal is resolved). The court did not
abuse its discretion when it determined that these late payments did not
12
Mr. Margitan contends that, if the Hannas are allowed to make
preconfirmation payments under the Plan, then the Plan formula should apply to the
preconfirmation months. Calculating from the petition date, he represents that the
Hannas were $39,116.57 short. Mr. Margitan never made this argument to the
bankruptcy court, and there is no reasonable interpretation of the Plan that would
support that result.
20
amount to cause for dismissal or conversion.13
Therefore, the court was within its discretion to determine that the
Hannas did not violate a court order in a manner that amounted to “cause”
under § 1112(b)(4)(E).
2. The Hannas’ excessive spending and “lavish lifestyle”
Mr. Margitan argues that the Hannas violated the Plan by spending
more than the Plan allows. He contends that, between September and
December 2017, the Hannas spent $8,548.44 over the formula allowance for
their living expenses. He takes issue with the Hannas “living their pre-
bankruptcy lifestyle while requesting bankruptcy protection . . . .”
Under § 1112(b)(4)(A), a movant must “establish both (1) a
substantial and continuing loss to or diminution of the estate and
(2) absence of a reasonable likelihood of rehabilitation. ‘The loss may be
substantial or continuing. It need not be both in order to constitute
cause . . . .’” L.A. Cty. Treasurer & Tax Collector v. City of W. Covina (In re
Hassen Imports P’ship), BAP No. CC-13-1019-KiPaD, 2013 WL 4428508,
13
Both sides assume that plan payments were to begin in September 2017, which
is the first full month following confirmation on August 9, 2017. However, Part 9.3
requires payment in the first full month “following the Effective Date of Plan[.]” The
Plan defines “Effective Date of Plan” as “when the order confirming this Plan becomes
final and nonappealable.” Mr. Margitan appealed the order confirming the Plan to the
BAP and took a further appeal to the Ninth Circuit when we ruled against him. That
appeal remains unresolved. This suggests that the Effective Date of Plan has not
occurred yet, because the order confirming the Plan is not yet final and unappealable.
But we do not decide this issue because no one has argued this point.
21
at *13 (9th Cir. BAP Aug. 19, 2013) (citations omitted). The asserted loss or
diminution must “‘materially negatively impact the bankruptcy estate and
the interest of creditors,’ or [cause] ‘dwindling liquidity, or illiquidity
resulting in unpaid postpetition debts which usually constitute
administrative expenses that will take priority over prepetition claims.’” Id.
(citations omitted). “To determine the existence of a continuing loss to, or
diminution of, the estate, the bankruptcy court must look beyond financial
statements and fully evaluate the present condition of a debtor’s estate.” Id.
Nothing in the Plan dictates what kind of “lifestyle” the Hannas may
enjoy. The Plan simply requires the Hannas to pay into the accounts an
amount determined under the Plan formula. As long as the Hannas pay the
amounts mandated by the Plan, they are free to do whatever they wish
with the income allocated to them. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its
discretion in ruling that the Hannas’ spending did not amount to “cause”
under § 1112(b)(4)(A).
3. Quarterly payments into the Margitan Unsecured Account
Mr. Margitan also contends that the Hannas have failed to fund the
DIP Agent Margitan Unsecured Account. He notes that, if the Hannas
cannot fund the accounts sufficiently, they must liquidate real property. He
argues that requiring him “to wait for personal property to be liquidated
will cause further harm to Creditor/Appellant. . . . [T]he estate will never
recover from excess spending.”
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This argument fails. The Plan specifies in detail that the Hannas need
not sell any of their real property unless and until it appears that the Plan
funding from other sources will be insufficient to pay the Margitans’
allowed claim in full within sixty months of the Effective Date of Plan. The
Plan does not require the Hannas to sell property simply because the
Margitans are afraid that the Hannas might not be able to make future Plan
payments.
4. Mismanagement of the estate
Mr. Margitan next presents a laundry list of alleged instances of the
Hannas’ gross mismanagement of their estate under § 1112(b)(4)(B). None
of these is persuasive.
“The § 1112(b)(4)(B) inquiry typically focuses on how the debtor or
the debtor’s agents have managed the estate’s assets or business during the
pendency of the chapter 11 proceeding and how they have reported and
handled, postpetition, income and expenses derived from the
assets/business.” Grego v. U.S. Tr. (In re Grego), BAP No. EC-14-1067-
KuPaJu, 2015 WL 3451559, at *5 (9th Cir. BAP May 29, 2015) (citations
omitted). “Bankruptcy courts have found gross mismanagement in cases
where debtors have not maintained an effective corporate management
team, failed to follow through on their fiduciary duties under chapter 11,
including obtaining credit or financing outside the ordinary course of the
debtor’s business, filed monthly reports without closely monitoring them[,]
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or where the business lacks effective management.” Kingsway Capital
Partners, LLC v. Sosa, 549 B.R. 897, 904 (N.D. Cal. 2016) (citations omitted).
Mr. Margitan alleges that the Hannas wasted estate resources by
paying their counsel for unnecessary work.14 But aside from bald
statements that these tasks were unnecessary, he fails to explain how they
constituted gross mismanagement of the estate. He also fails to provide
citations to the record for certain billing entries, so we are unable to review
those events.
Additionally, Mr. Margitan faults the Hannas’ counsel for spending
forty-three hours redacting subpoenaed documents. However, the Hannas
point out that the entry for 42.22 hours (in a single day) in their counsel’s
billing statement was an obvious typo. In any event, their counsel did not
charge for this time entry and indeed indicated that they billed “0.00 n/c.”
Mr. Margitan also argues that the Hannas have not filed disclosure
statements related to The Tin Cup Café, preconfirmation monthly financial
balance sheets, and postconfirmation quarterly reports. But the Hannas
point out that The Tin Cup Café is not a debtor in this case and there is no
evidence that the Hannas received any income from The Tin Cup Café.
14
We note that the bankruptcy court had previously stated that much of the
attorneys’ fees incurred was a result of litigation caused by Mr. Margitan’s animosity
toward the Hannas: “You have made this litigation very expensive . . . . I have
concluded that much of the attorney’s fees that were incurred in this case were the
result of your animosity towards your neighbor.”
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Moreover, the Hannas’ reports were filed within the months they were due
and were never deemed insufficient. The bankruptcy court was within its
discretion to determine that there was no “cause” to dismiss.
Mr. Margitan argues that the Hannas failed to report that they sold a
vehicle after an automobile accident; purchased a replacement vehicle with
the insurance proceeds; and used estate funds to repair a second vehicle.
The Hannas ultimately addressed these issues to the bankruptcy court’s
satisfaction. The replacement vehicle was entirely purchased with the
insurance proceeds and did not require any estate funds; the Hannas
subsequently amended their schedules. The Hannas’ counsel took
responsibility for the $1,000 insurance deductible paid on the second
vehicle and represented that he would rectify the situation by withholding
$1,000 from the payment of attorneys’ fees until all creditors are paid in
full. The bankruptcy court was satisfied that this was not gross
mismanagement, and we discern no abuse of discretion.
5. Res judicata and collateral estoppel
Finally, Mr. Margitan raises two arguments that make little sense in
this context. It also does not appear that he raised these arguments before
the bankruptcy court. See Yamada v. Nobel Biocare Holding AG, 825 F.3d 536,
543 (9th Cir. 2016) (“Generally, an appellate court will not hear an issue
raised for the first time on appeal.”).
He argues that the Plan is “res judicata.” It is true that an order
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confirming a plan has preclusive effect, but that is irrelevant here. The
Hannas do not deny that the Plan is binding upon them. Rather, the
question is what the Plan requires the Hannas to do, whether they have
done those things, and what consequences should flow from any failure.
Preclusion principles have nothing to say about these questions. Further, if
anyone is attempting to relitigate the Plan confirmation issues, it is
Mr. Margitan, not the Hannas. Both the bankruptcy court and this Panel
rejected all of those contentions, and we will not reconsider them here.
Even more confusingly, he argues that equitable estoppel “prohibits
the Debtor[s] from failing to comply with a Court Order.” Equitable
estoppel serves to prevent a party from asserting a particular position. It
has no applicability to this case.
CONCLUSION
The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion. We AFFIRM.
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