Wilcox v. Commissioner

MABEL I. WILCOX, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.

ELSIE H. WILCOX, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.

GAYLORD P. WILCOX, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.

Wilcox v. Commissioner

Docket Nos. 96827, 96830, 96831.

United States Board of Tax Appeals

43 B.T.A. 931; 1941 BTA LEXIS 1424;

March 14, 1941, Promulgated

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">*1424 1 and 2. Where a corporation without any plan or purpose to liquidate its business reduces the par value of its capital stock and makes a cash distribution of such reduction to the stockholders, and the earnings and profits accumulated since February 28, 1913, are sufficient for such distribution, held, that the distribution is a dividend taxable to the stockholders at the ordinary dividend rate and not a liquidating dividend.

3. Income of an estate in process of administration for 1934 which in that year was distributed to the petitioners as residuary trustees under the testator's will, held, not taxable to the petitioners in 1934.

4. Income of an estate in process of administration for 1935 which in that year was distributed to the petitioners as residuary legatees under the testator's will, held, not taxable to the petitioners in 1935. S. F. Durkheimer,41 B.T.A. 585">41 B.T.A. 585, followed.

5. Dividends distributed to the Gaylord P. Wilcox trust by the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., and Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. in 1934 and 1935, respectively, held taxable in those years to the petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox, settlor of the trust, ">*1425 who was entitled to receive all of its income.

Urban E. Wild, Esq., Milton Cades, Esq., and E. R. Cameron, C.P.A., for the petitioners.

B. H. Neblett, Esq., for the respondent.

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SMITH

">*932 SMITH: These proceedings, which were consolidated for hearing, involve income tax deficiencies for 1934 and 1935 as follows:

Petitioner	Docket No.	Year	Deficiency
		1934	$2,515.11
Mabel I. Wilcox	96827	1935	7,759.05
		1934	1,938.54
Elsie H. Wilcox	96830	1935	6,061.32
		1934	2,732.68
Gaylord P. Wilcox	96831	1935	37,624.39

Petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox claims a refund of $3,278.49 for 1934.

There are five issues involved, four of which are common to all of the proceedings, and are as follows:

1. Was the cash distribution which was made to its stockholders by the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. in 1934 concurrent with a reduction in the par value of its shares of stock a taxable dividend?

2. Was the cash distribution which was made to its stockholders by the Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. in 1935 concurrent with a reduction in the par value of its shares of stock a taxable dividend?

3. ">*1426 Are the petitioners taxable on the income of the estate of George N. Wilcox for 1934 which was distributed to them as residuary trustees by the estate in that year?

4. Are the petitioners taxable on the income of the estate of Emma Lyman Wilcox for 1935 which was distributed to them as residuary legatees in that year?

5. The fifth issue, which pertains to petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox only, is whether that petitioner is taxable in 1934 and 1935 on distributions made by the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., and the Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. in those years, respectively, to the "Gaylord P. Wilcox Trust."

In addition to the above three proceedings herein, which were consolidated for hearing, there are eight other related proceedings involving one or more of the above issues, and the parties have stipulated that as to those common issues the related proceedings shall be ">*933 submitted upon the evidence adduced herein. Following is a list of such related proceedings and the amount of taxes involved in each:

Petitioner	Docket No.	Year	Deficiency
Estate of Emma L. Wilcox	93166	1934	$1,001.07
John Waterhouse	95851	1935	1,944.85
		1934	1,843.30
Ethel K. Wilcox	96826	1935	10,965.48
Estate of G. N. Wilcox	96828	1935	1,322.35
Do	96829	1936	5,318.04
Elizabeth Schaefer	96866	1935	2,269.91
Herbert M. Dowsett	96867	1935	3,292.05
George F. Renton	98068	1935	2,413.24

">*1427 The evidence in the consolidated proceedings consists of a voluminous written stipulation of facts, set forth in five separate folios with numerous exhibits attached, which we incorporate in our findings of fact by reference thereto, and several hundred pages of oral testimony. The facts set out below are those deemed to be essential to our determination of the issues herein presented.

The petitioners are all citizens of the United States and residents of the Territory of Hawaii. They are brother and sisters and children of Emma Lyman Wilcox, deceased. George N. Wilcox, deceased, was an uncle.

All of the petitioners during the taxable years 1934 and 1935 were stockholders of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., and the Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co., which corporations made the distributions referred to in issues 1 and 2 above. Petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox was an officer of both corporations.

All of the petitioners made their income tax returns upon the cash receipts and disbursements basis to the collector at Honolulu.

Issue 1.

FINDINGS OF FACT. - The Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., hereinafter sometimes referred to as Inter-Island, is a corporation">*1428 organized under the laws of the Territory of Hawaii in 1883, with its principal place of business at Honolulu. It is engaged in a number of business activities, including the operation of passenger and freight steamers, also tugs and barges, between Hawaiian ports, and the operation of a marine railway, floating dry docks, and various machine, carpenter, and blacksmith shops. Its capital stock is widely held. At November 16, 1934, it had outstanding 325,000 shares of stock, of which 142,429 shares were held by corporations and tax-exempt organizations, while 182,571 shares were held by individuals, estates, etc. Its stock has been traded in on the Honolulu Stock Exchange since 1912.

Over the period 1905 to 1934, inclusive, changes were made in Inter-Island's capital structure as follows:

Jan. 1, 1905	Issued and outstanding 6,000 shares, par value $100 each
July 1, 1905	Stock dividend issued of 1,500 shares
July 1, 1905	Exchanged for assets of Wilder Steamship Co. 7,500 shares
June 30, 1909	Stock dividend issued of 7,500 shares
March 1, 1916	Stock dividend issued of 7,500 shares
Sept. 1, 1922	Issued and sold for cash 5,000 shares (making a total outstanding of 35,000 shares of a par value of $3,500,000)
Dec. 30, 1922	Par value of shares reduced from $100 to $20 per share, leaving outstanding 175,000 shares, par value $3,500,000
Dec. 30, 1922	Stock dividend issued of 75,000 shares, making 250,000 shares outstanding, par value $5,000,000
Jan. 1, 1925	Stock issue of 75,000 shares, par value $20 each, "Assessable stock" - paid for in 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928 - making outstanding 325,000 shares of a par value of $6,500,000
Nov. 21, 1934	Par value of stock reduced $2 per share (to $18 per share) and distribution of $2 per share to stockholders of record

">*1429 ">*934 Whether the last mentioned distribution, that of November 21, 1934, is a liquidating distribution or an ordinary dividend is the question present under this issue.

The funds raised by the stock issue of January 1, 1925, amounting to $1,500,000, and additional funds of $1,200,000 which were raised by a bond issue authorized March 28, 1929, were used for the purchase of new steamers and other assets and for general improvements.

Prior to 1922 there were few improved harbors on any of the Hawaiian Islands and it had been the practice of Inter-Island to operate a number of small steamers, which made numerous stops at the various ports. With the improvement of port facilities and roads on the Island of Hawaii and some of the other islands the use of larger steamers became practicable. Following is a partial list of vessels acquired by Inter-Island during the years 1922 to 1929, inclusive:

	Years in which purchased	Cost
Steamer Haleakala	1922-1923	$1,240,924.89
Steamer Kailua	1923-1924	65,522.13
Steamer Mauna Loa	1924	157,230.73
Motor Schooner Lehua	1924	54,708.59
Tug Maoi	1925	124,195.38
Steamer Hawaii	1926	400,000.00
Pineapple Scow #3	1927	59,319.57
Pineapple Scow #4	1927	59,383.96
Steamer Waialeale	1927-1928	1,310,330.62
Steamer Kaala	1928	127,658.05
Steamer Hualalai	1928-1929	1,238,231.55
Steamer Humuula	1928-1929	559,708.73
Tug Eleu	1928-1929	222.910.29
Pineapple Scow #5	1929	57,174.40

">*1430 No additional vessels have been acquired since 1929. The total cost of the assets acquired and improvements made over the period 1922 to 1929, inclusive, was approximately $6,300,000. About half of that amount was raised from the sale of stock and bonds, as shown above, and about half was operating profits and funds from other sources. The total cost of the fleet was $6,333,255.36 at January 1, 1934, and $6,347,725.43 at December 31, 1934.

">*935 The Haleakala was the first large steamer, 3,600 tons, acquired by Inter-Island. The largest steamer previously operated was of about 1,200 tons.

From about 1930 to 1934 and up to the present time there has been a general decline in Inter-Island's freight shipments, due partly to the fact that an increasing number of freight shipments have been made from the United States directly to the ports on the outer islands. During the period 1929 to 1932 Inter-Island abandoned the use of, and wrote off on its books, five steamers of an aggregate cost of approximately $833,000. These vessels were replaced in service by newer vessels purchased prior to 1930.

In addition to its shipping and other business activities mentioned above, ">*1431 Inter-Island for a number of years was also engaged in the coal business. Its gross sales of coal amounted to approximately $1,300,000 in 1920, $835,000 in 1921, $750,000 in 1922, and $633,000 in 1923. It carried a large coal inventory amounting at times to $500,000 and had an equipment investment in coal handling facilities of approximately $240,000. As shown by the above figures, there was a gradual decline in coal sales from the year 1920. This was due in large part to the replacement of coal with oil as a fuel for shipping and other industries. By 1929 the coal business was practically abandoned and after several years of idleness the coal plant was dismantled in 1934 and 1935.

For a number of years Inter-Island's business operations have been highly successful. In each of the years 1913 to 1934, inclusive, it distributed large cash dividends. The smallest dividend amounted to $202,500, distributed in 1913, and the largest amounted to $455,000, in 1933. There was a cash dividend of $390,000 in each of the years 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, and 1934.

Following are some of the more significant figures shown on the comparative balance sheets taken from the company's books">*1432 of account at December 31, 1929, December 31, 1933, and December 31, 1934:

	Dec. 31, 1929	Dec. 31, 1933	Dec. 31, 1934
ASSETS:
Current assets	$830,439.67	$1,188,782.48	$1,115,939.30
Deferred charges to operations	42,384.98	24,156.68	23,206.76
Fixed assets	9,854,971.85	9,653,088.71	9,680,144.45
Invested reserve assets	1,659,028.40	1,850,441.60	2,094,556.39
Miscellaneous assets	239,705.50	343,950.30	16,349.74
Total	12,626,530.40	13,060,419.77	12,930,196.64
LIABILITIES:
Current liabilities	288,469.39	180,537.85	237,258.11
Funded debt	1,200.000.00
Insurance reserves	1,649,580.67	1,350,000.00	1,350,000.00
Depreciation reserves	2,238,105.07	4,354,507.64	4,728,435.53
Sundry reserves		155,000.00	165,000.00
Capital stock	6,500,000.00	6,500,000.00	5,850,000.00
Surplus	750,375.27	520,374.28	599,503.00
Total	12,626,530.40	13,060,419.77	12,930,196.64

">*936 Over the period January 1, 1913, to December 31, 1921, fixed assets increased over $2,500,000, capital $750,000, surplus $833,500, and reserve for depreciation approximately $811,800.

The bonds in the amount of $1,200,000 listed among the 1929 liabilities">*1433 were of the issue of March 28, 1929, and were paid off prior to December 31, 1933, although not due until 1944.

The large insurance reserves as shown above were occasioned by the company's long continued practice of carrying its own insurance. Prior to 1923 its vessels were all self-insured. Since that time it has carried partial protection for some of its larger vessels with insurance underwriters.

The following figures in round numbers are taken from the annual reports made by Inter-Island to its stockholders for the years 1932, 1933, and 1934:

	1932	1933	1934
Gross revenue from vessel operations	$2,038,000	$1,951,000	$2,084,000
Net revenue from vessel operations	469,000	639,000	598,000
Net revenue from miscellaneous operations	26,000	72,000	129,000
Net revenue from terminal operations	46,000	63,000	72,000
Net profit (or loss) from coal operations	(7,000)	3,500	7,500
General freight carried (tons)	209,000	184,000	197,000
Number of passengers carried	112,000	102,000	109,000

At a special meeting of the stockholders of Inter-Island held on November 16, 1934, a resolution was adopted authorizing the reduction of the par value">*1434 of the company's stock from $20 per share to $18 per share, and the distribution of $2 per share to the stockholders. The resolution reads in part as follows:

WHEREAS, Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company, Limited, now has an authorized capital stock of $6,500,000., represented by 325,000 shares of capital stock of the par value of $20.00 per share, and its surplus is adequate to provide all necessary reserves so that the Company may effect a return of two dollars per share to its stockholders as a capital distribution in partial liquidation of its stock:

BE IT RESOLVED by the stockholders of the Company, in special meeting duly assembled for the purpose this 16th day of November, 1934, that the capital stock of the Company be reduced from a total amount of $6,500,000, divided into 325,000 shares of a par value of $20.00 per share to the amount of $5,850,000., divided into 325,000 shares of a par value of $18.00 per share, in the manner following, namely: (a) by the reduction of the par value of all of its shares of stock from $20. to $18. per share, and (b) by the distribution to the stockholders of the amount of capital reduction so effected, to-wit, $650,000. at the rate $2of. ">*1435 per share, as a partial liquidation of the Company's capital stock; said reduction of capital and distribution to stockholders, when approved by and entered of record in the office of the Treasurer of the Territory, to become effective and be effected as at the close of business on November 21st, 1934.

">*937 The distribution to the stockholders was made in accordance with the above resolution on December 22, 1934, and of such distribution the petitioners herein received the following amounts in 1934:

Petitioner	Number of shares	Amount received
Mabel I. Wilcox	2,683	$5,366
Elsie H. Wilcox	2,533	5,066
Gaylord P. Wilcox	4,000	8,000

During the year 1934, 171,000 of the 325,000 outstanding shares of Inter-Island's voting stock, principally the shares held by corporations were subject to a voting trust agreement entered into in 1925.

In formulating the plan for the reduction of the par value of the stock and the distribution of $20 per share to the stockholders, as set forth in the resolution of November 16, 1934, the "tax angle" of the transaction was considered and was discussed with the company's tax counsel.

There was no intention on the">*1436 part of the officers or directors of Inter-Island in 1934 to curtail the company's business operations to any material extent. On the contrary, the policy of the corporation was to continue in business and to expand its operations as conditions should warrant. Indeed, in 1934 the corporation acquired (at a cost of $63,000) the entire outstanding shares (25 percent of the total) of Inter-Island Airways for the transportation of passengers by air among the Hawaiian Islands.

The distribution which Inter-Island made to its stockholders of record on December 22, 1934, was not a distribution in partial or complete liquidation, but was an ordinary taxable dividend distribution within the meaning of section 115(a) of the Revenue Act of 1934.

OPINION. - The question for our determination under this issue is whether the distribution which Inter-Island made to its stockholders, as described above, was a taxable dividend within the meaning of section 115 of the Revenue Act of 1934. This section of the statute reads in material part as follows:

SEC. 115. DISTRIBUTIONS BY CORRORATIONS.

(a) DEFINITION OF DIVIDENDS. - The term "dividend" when used in this title (except in section 203(a)(4) ">*1437 and section 207(c)(1), relating to insurance companies) means any distribution made by a corporation to its shareholders, whether in money or in other property, out of its earnings or profits accumulated after February 28, 1913.

(b) SOURCE OF DISTRIBUTIONS. - For the purposes of this Act every distribution is made out of earnings or profits to the extent thereof, and from the most recently accumulated earnings or profits. * * *

">*938 (c) DISTRIBUTIONS IN LIQUIDATION. - Amounts distributed in complete liquidation of a corporation shall be treated as in full payment in exchange for the stock, and amounts distributed in partial liquidation of a corporation shall be treated as in part or full payment in exchange for the stock. The gain or loss to the distributee resulting from such exchange shall be determined under section 111, but shall be recognized only to the extent provided in section 112. Despite the provisions of section 117(a), 100 per centum of the gain so recognized shall be taken into account in computing net income. * * *

* * *

(i) DEFINITION OF PARTIAL LIQUIDATION. - As used in this section the term "amounts distributed in partial liquidation" means a distribution">*1438 by a corporation in complete cancellation or redemption of a part of its stock, or one of a series of distributions in complete cancellation or redemption of all or a portion of its stock.

Section 115(g) provides that if a corporation:

* * * cancels or redeems its stock (whether or not such stock was issued as a stock dividend) at such time and in such manner as to make the distribution and cancellation or redemption in whole or in part essentially equivalent to the distribution of a taxable dividend, the amount so distributed in redemption or cancellation of the stock, to the extent that it represents a distribution of earnings or profits accumulated after February 28, 1913, shall be treated as a taxable dividend.

The contention of the petitioners is that the distribution in question was a distribution in partial liquidation of Inter-Island within the meaning of section 115(c) above, that it should be applied against the cost or other basis of their shares, and that they realized no taxable income from the distribution.

The respondent, on the other hand, contends that the distribution was "at such time and in such nanner" as to make the distribution "essentially equivalent">*1439 to the distribution of a taxable dividend" within the meaning of section 115(g). This contention is apparently predicated upon the fact that a large part of the company's earnings after March 1, 1913, had been capitalized through stock dividends and at the time of the distribution in 1934 there was no business reason for a reduction in the par value of the shares of stock, and at the time the company had sufficient surplus earnings from which the distribution could have been made. The respondent does not contend that the reduction in the par value of the shares and the distribution here in question was in any wise connected with the payment of stock dividends in earlier years. The last of such stock dividends was declared and paid in 1922 and at that time the company was rapidly expanding its fixed assets and had a need for additional capital.

The balance sheet of Inter-Island at December 31, 1933, shows a surplus of $520,374.28. But the company's insurance reserves at the same date were in the amount of $1,350,000. These did not ">*939 represent any liability. They simply represented an appropriation of a part of the surplus of the company to provide against losses which">*1440 might be sustained in the future. Prior to about 1925 Inter-Island acted as its own insurer. After the company acquired larger steamships it took out policies with marin insurance companies to cover a part of the risks. The insurance reserves were merely a part of the company's surplus. It must be held therefore that Inter-Island could have made the distribution in 1934 from surplus had it desired to do so.

The crux of our question is, as the petitioners submit, whether the distribution made in 1934 was made in partial liquidation of the corporation, so that the amounts distributed should be treated "as in part or full payment in exchange for the stock" under the provisions of subsection (c) above.

A partial liquidation is defined in subsection (i) of section 115 as "a distribution by a corporation in complete cancellation or redemption of a part of its stock, or one of a series of distributions in complete cancellation or redemption of all or a portion of its stock." The question is whether the last clause of the above quoted section should be interpreted to mean "or one of a series of distributions in complete cancellation or redemption of all or a portion of its [shares">*1441 of] stock." We think that this was the intendment of Congress in enacting the provisions, except in a case where a corporation is in liquidation and the distribution made pro rata to the stockholders is one of a series of distributions in complete liquidation of the corporation. The distribution made by Inter-Island in 1934 and here in question was not one of a series of distributions in "complete cancellation or redemption" of all or any part of the shares of stock of the corporation.

What is meant by the word "liquidation" as used in subsections (c) and (i) above?

In W. E. Guild,19 B.T.A. 1186">19 B.T.A. 1186, 19 B.T.A. 1186">1202, we said:

The word "liquidation" when applied to a partnership or company has a general meaning, well recognized by textwriters and courts, as the operation of winding up of its affairs by realizing its assets, paying its debts and appropriating the amount of profit or loss. 37 Corpus Juris 1265; Assets Realization Co. v. Howard,127 N.Y.S. 798">127 N.Y.S. 798; Gibson v. American Rwy. Express Co.,195 Iowa 1126">195 Iowa 1126; ">*1442 193 N.W. 274">193 N.W. 274; Rohr v. Stanton Trust & Savings Bank, 76 mont. 248; 245 P. 947; Gilna v. Barker, 78 mont. 357; 254 P. 174; Lafayette Trust Co. v. Beggs,213 N.Y. 280">213 N.Y. 280; 107 N.E. 644">107 N.E. 644; In Re Union Bank of Brooklyn,161 N.Y.S. 29">161 N.Y.S. 29.

In Hellman v. Helvering, 68 Fed.(2d) 763, it was said that:

* * * In its generally accepted meaning a dividend in liquidation means an act or an operation in winding up the affairs of a firm or corporation, a settling with its debtors and creditors, and an appropriation and distribution to its stockholders ratably of the amount of profit and loss. * * *

">*940 See also Rheinstrom v. Conner,33 Fed.Supp. 917; Northwest Bancorporation v. Commissioner, 88 Fed.(2d) 293. In Tate v. Commissioner, 97 Fed.(2d) 658, it was said that: "Whether a dividend is a 'distribution in liquidation' is a question of fact, and depends upon the intent of the directors of the corporation."

In the instant case there was no plan afoot and there was no intention on the part of the directors">*1443 and stockholders of Inter-Island to wind up the affairs of that corporation. All that was undertaken was to distribute a portion of the accumulated earnings and profits of the company which were not needed in the normal course of its business. This was in no sense a liquidation as that term has been generally construed. The case of Bynum v. Commissioner (C.C.A., 5th Cir.), 113 Fed.(2d) 1, is distinguishable on the facts. There the distribution was made to the stockholders out of the proceeds from the sale of a substantial portion of its capital assets and pursuant to a resolution to liquidate. The court held, reversing 40 B.T.A. 336">40 B.T.A. 336, that the evidence showed a bona fide undertaking to liquidate the corporation and that the indorsement of the dividend on the stock certificates "canceled and redeemed them to that extent." Here the distribution was not made out of the proceeds from the sale of any capital asset and there was no undertaking or intention to liquidate the corporation.

In John B. Stewart,29 B.T.A. 809">29 B.T.A. 809, 29 B.T.A. 809">813, we said:

* * * It is entirely possible that a corporation could distribute such a large percentage of its">*1444 net assets and reduce the par value of its shares with no thought of liquidation of its business or stock or of winding up the corporate existence. It could with what was left have a purpose of carrying on a more limited business indefinitely. In addition to this, the question would be controlled by the statutory definition of partial liquidation, section 115(h)[section 115(i) in the 1934 Act], and it may be seriously doubted, without deciding, whether the reduction in par value of all the outstanding shares can be said to be a "complete cancellation or redemption of a part of its stock" and whether, in the absence of evidence that a complete winding up is in contemplation, such a distribution and reduction of par value can be said to be "one of a series of distributions in complete cancellation or redemption of all or a portion of its stock." We hold, however, that because of the inadequate evidence the respondent's contention that this was a distribution in partial liquidation can not be sustained.

In Patty v. Helvering (C.C.A., 2d Cir.), 98 Fed.(2d) 717, the question before the court was whether a distribution made by a corporation concurrently with">*1445 the reduction in the par value of the shares of stock from $100 to $70 was a partial liquidation within the meaning of section 115(i) of the Revenue Act of 1928, which provision of law is the same as in the Revenue Act of 1934. The facts in the case were that a corporation had capitalized earnings of prior years through stock dividends. In 1928 the corporation reduced the par value of its shares of stock from $100 to $70 and distributed the ">*941 reduction in par value as a dividend to its stockholders. The court reversed the decision of the Board based upon a memorandum opinion and held that the distribution was a partial liquidation of the stock of the corporation within the meaning of the statute. In its opinion the court stated:

* * * (The Commissioner does not assert that the distributions at bar were not "in complete cancellation or redemption" of a part of the company's shares, and arguendo we therefore assume that they were). * * *

The court further stated:

* * * Therefore we hold that if redeemed shares have been issued bona fide, § 115(g), 26 U.S.C.A. § 115(g), never applies. ">*1446 There is no possibility of abuse in this, for § 115(b), 26 U.S.C.A. § 115(b), controls the marshalling of earnings, and ex proprio vigore allocates all distributions against them so long as there are any. We do not therefore agree with the reasoning of such cases as Hill v. Commissioner, 4 Cir., 66 F.2d 45">66 F.2d 45, which upheld the taxation of distributions of liquidating shares which concededly had been issued for business purposes; though there are other decisions which seem to support such an interpretation. Randolph v. Commissioner, 5 Cir., 76 F.2d 472">76 F.2d 472; Brown v. Commissioner, 3 Cir., 79 F.2d 73">79 F.2d 73; McGuire v. Commissioner, 7 Cir., 84 F.2d 431">84 F.2d 431; Parker v. United States, 7 Cir., 88 F.2d 907">88 F.2d 907. We shall continue to follow Commissioner v. Quackenbos, supra, 78 F.2d 156, until the Supreme Court makes authoritative a different interpretation. In the case at bar there can be no suggestion that the stock dividends of 1913, 1917 and 1925 were not issued in due course of business.

The views expressed in the above mentioned opinion of the Second Circuit">*1447 seem to us to be directly contrary to the views expressed by numerous other Circuit Courts of Appeal, particularly, Hyman v. Helvering, (App. D.C.), 71 Fed.(2d) 342. In that case the court said:

* * * Undoubtedly the tax law recognizes a distinction between liquidating dividends and dividends out of profits, and provides a different basis on which to tax them. The purpose of Congress in the inclusion of (g) was to narrow the distinction to the end that corporations might not by resort to the device of stock redemption or cancellation make a distribution to its shareholders essentially resulting in a division of profits. * * *

See also Flanagan v. Helvering (App.D.C.), 116 Fed.(2d) 937.

It seems to us that if a corporation may reduce the par value of its shares of stock at a time when it has a surplus sufficient to make a distribution to its stockholders and regard such a distribution as a partial liquidation within the meaning of section 115(c) and (i), section 115(b) is not given due weight. That section provides that "For the purposes of this Act every distribution is made out of earnings or profits to the extent thereof, and from">*1448 the most recently accumulated earnings or profits."

As indicated above, no contention is made that Inter-Island did not have surplus earnings available for the distribution made in 1934 here in question.

">*942 In their briefs, and particularly that of the petitioners, the parties have devoted a considerable portion of their argument to the effect of section 115(g). It is plain, however, that that section has no application to the facts here, for the very reason that there was no cancellation or redemption of any shares of stock of the corporation. The discussion in the briefs as to whether the distribution was "at such time and in such manner" as to make it essentially equivalent to a taxable dividend within the meaning of subsection (g) is beside the question.

We hold in the circumstances of the case that the distribution in question was an ordinary dividend taxable to the stockholders at the regular dividend rates.

Issue 2.

FINDINGS OF FACT. - The Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co., hereinafter sometimes referred to as Pacific Guano, is an Hawaiian corporation with its principal office in Honolulu. It was organized May 23, 1890, for the purpose, among others, ">*1449 of engaging in the general business of procuring, preparing, manufacturing, transporting, and dealing in phosphates and other fertilizing materials. It had several branch offices or partially owned subsidiary companies in California. It was capitalized at $100,000, with 1,000 shares of stock of a par value of $100 each. Its stockholders include about 24 corporations and tax-exempt organizations and about 150 individuals and trusts.

Changes were made in the company's capitalization from the date of organization up to the present time as follows:

May 23, 1890	Subscribed and issued 1,000 shares, par value $100,000
Feb. 16, 1893 to June 30, 1896	Issued and sold for cash 2,000 shares
Aug. 20, 1900	Stock dividend, issued 2,000 shares
June 30, 1905	Issued and sold for cash 2,000 shares
1907	Issued and sold for cash 1,750 shares
Dec. 30, 1911	Stock dividend, issued 1,250 shares
Apr. 27, 1922	Stock dividend, issued 14,200 shares
Apr. 27, 1922	Issued in exchange for assets of Hawaiian Fertilizer Co., Ltd., 17,800 shares
Apr. 30, 1930	Stock dividend, issued 10,500 shares
July 1, 1930	Issued and sold for cash 1,000 shares
Oct. 1, 1930	Issued and sold for cash 250 shares, leaving outstanding 53,750 shares of a par value of $5,375,000
Aug. 22, 1935	Reduction in par value of stock from $100 to $70 per share authorized, and on Sept. 30, 1935, distribution made of $30 per share to shareholders

">*1450 Over the period 1913 to 1922 there was an increase of $785,000 in the assets of the company and an increase of over $800,000 in its surplus.

">*943 In 1922 Pacific Guano acquired all of the assets of the Hawaiian Fertilizer Co., Ltd., in exchange for 17,800 shares of its stock of a par value of $1,780,000, which was the appraised value of the assets acquired. The appraised value of Pacific Guano's assets at that time was $2,420,000. On the same date Pacific Guano issued a stock dividend of 14,200 shares (142 percent), so that the stockholdings of its stockholders would have a par value equal to the net assets of Pacific Guano prior to the acquisition of the assets of the Hawaiian Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Those are the capital transactions shown above under date of April 27, 1922.

There was an increase in Pacific Guano's gross sales in Hawaii over the ensuing several years of from approximately 75,000 tons in 1922 to 162,000 tons in 1929. Plans for extension of the plant in Hawaii and the erection of plants on some of the other islands were under consideration. An additional plant had been constructed on the Island of Hawaii at Hilo in 1926 and the construction of another">*1451 on the Island of Maui was begun in 1931. Also over the period 1922 to 1929 there were increases of approximately $1,800,00 in the company's assets and approximately $1,500,000 in surplus.

The stock dividend of 25 percent, 10,500 shares, shown above under date of April 30, 1930, was for the purpose, as declared in the authorizing resolution of the stockholders dated March 20, 1930, of adding such increased surplus to fixed capital. Later during 1930, 1,250 additional shares of stock were issued and sold for cash pursuant to further authorization contained in the resolution of March 20, 1930. The shares were sold for $160 each, or a total of $200,000, 0f which amount $125,000 was credited to capital and $75,000 to paid-in surplus.

There was a steady increase in Pacific Guano's volume of business from the date of its inception up to about 1929. Gross sales of fertilizers in Hawaii increased from approximately 34,000 tons in 1913 to 163,000 tons in 1930. Over the same period gross sales in California increased from approximately 26,000 tons in 1913 to approximately 50,000 tons in 1928, falling off to approximately 49,000 tons in 1929 and 47,000 tons in 1930. After 1929 there">*1452 was a gradual decline in total gross sales from approximately 211,000 tons in 1929 to 148,500 tons in 1935. Correspondingly, gross sales, in terms of dollars, increased from approximately $7,000,000 in 1922 (the figures for prior years are not available) to a high of approximately $10,000,000 in 1929 and fell off to approximately $5,500,000 in 1932, 1933, and 1934. Earnings from operations were approximately $700,000 in 1922, $1,070,000 in 1929, and $397,000 in 1934. This decrease in business was due in part to general conditions of world trade and in part to a change in the practice of many of the company's customers from purchasing mixed or manufactured fertilizers ">*944 to purchasing the ingredients in bulk or unmixed form directly from the carrier. There was also a change in the nature of the fertilizers used to more concentrated products, which tended to cut down the tonnage business.

The financial position of Pacific Guano over the period 1929 to 1935 is shown by the following figures taken from the consolidated balance sheets:

	Dec. 31, 1929	Dec. 31, 1930	Dec. 31, 1934
ASSETS:
Cash	$680,333.68	$1,071,618.05	$2,344,662.13
Fertilizer and supplies	2,678,245.53	2,430,822.03	1,492,381.19
Other current assets	718,795.38	771,213.15	601,161.83
Prepaid expenses, etc	21,794.37	19,879.55	17,556.91
Fixed assets	2,675,815.31	2,823,268.41	2,155,010.65
Miscellaneous assets	614,447.03	603,355.52	242,695.20
Total	7,389,431.30	7,720,136.71	6,853,467.91
LIABILITIES:
Current liabilities	642,780.18	431,410.44	327,129.43
Deferred credits	40,156.53	42,318.29	27,136.99
Depreciation reserves	728,617.45	857,577.56	844,540.42
Other reserves	64,339.73	173,021.53	127,601.16
Capital Stock	4,200,000.00	5,375,000.00	5,375,000.00
Paid-in surplus		75,000.00	75,000.00
Earned surplus	1,713,537.41	765,808.89	77,059.91
Total	7,389,431.30	7,720,136.71	6,853,467.91

">*1453 Inventories consisting of fertilizers and supplies reflected in the "current assets" increased from $704,663.37 in 1921 to $2,678,245.53 in 1929, and decreased to $1,492,381.19 in 1934.

In 1932 there was written off in the books of Pacific Guano a loss of approximately $544,000 representing investment in a California subsidiary company, a further loss of approximately $65,500 of bad debts in California, and a further loss of approximately $215,000 of obsolescence on superphosphate and sulphuric acid plants.

Substantial dividends of from 8 percent to 15 percent were paid by Pacific Guano in all of the years from 1913 to 1935, inclusive. The dividends increased from $100,000 in 1913 to $252,000, in 1922 and $563,500 in 1930. They were reduced to $430,000 in 1931, $215,000 in 1932, $322,500 in each of the years 1933 and 1934, and $258,000 in 1935.

A proposal to reduce the par value of the company's stock was discussed at a meeting of the directors of Pacific Guano held on December 23, 1932. The minutes of that meeting read in part as follows:

Mr. Phillips [general manager] stated that according to present estimates the Company should have approximately $1,250,000.00 in">*1454 cash available on February 1st, 1933 and suggested that it might be advisable to consider a reduction of the Company's capital stock by means of a distribution of $10.00 per share from capital. Following brief discussion, it was decided by common consent that action relative to this matter be deferred for the time being.

On August 22, 1935, the stockholders authorized a reduction in the par value of the company's stock from $100 to $70 per share, or a total reduction in capitalization of $1,612,500, and a pro rata distribution ">*945 of that amount in cash to the stockholders. Such distribution was made on September 30, 1935, the petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox receiving $54,300 on 1,810 shares, the petitioner Elsie H. Wilcox receiving $13,200 on 440 shares, and petitioner Mabel I. Wilcox receiving $14,100 on 470 shares.

There was no intention on the part of the directors and stockholders in 1935 to liquidate the corporation, either in whole or in part, or materially to curtail its business activities. The purpose of the reduction in capital was to distribute to the stockholders a portion of the accumulated earnings ehich were not required in the conduct of the business.

">*1455 The distribution which Pacific Guano made to the petitioners on September 30, 1935, was an ordinary taxable dividend distribution within the meaning of section 115(a) of the Revenue Act of 1934.

OPINION. - In this issue the question presented differs little from that considered in issue 1, above, and the same reasoning applies. Over a long period of years the company's earnings were greatly in excess of the dividends paid. The current assets at December 31, 1929, amounted to $4,077,374.59 and its earned surplus to $1,713,537.41. Although the company's officers testified that in 1930 they did not have in mind a distribution to the stockholders at a later date of any part of the earnings capitalized through the stock dividend in 1930, there would appear to be no sound business reason for the payment of the stock dividend. By 1935 the company found that it had no need for the money which had been capitalized through the issuance of the stock dividend. The action taken in 1935 was in a very real sense the reversal of the action taken in 1930. In these circumstances we think that the respondent did not err in his determination that the distribution made to the stockholders in">*1456 1935 and here in question was made at such time and in such manner as to be equivalent to the payment of a taxable dividend within the meaning of section 115(g) of the statute. See Flanagan v. Helvering, supra, and cases cited therein. Cf. E. M. Peet,43 B.T.A. 852">43 B.T.A. 852.

Issue 3.

FINDINGS OF FACT. - George N. Wilcox, uncle, of petitioners, died January 21, 1933, at the age of 92, a resident of Lihue, County of Kauai, Territory of Hawaii, leaving a last will and testament in which he bequeathed the residue of his estate to the three petitioners, his nephew and nieces, in trust to pay the income from certain assets of the residuary estate, namely, shares of stock of Grove Farm Co., Ltd., to his grandnephews and grandnieces and to pay the "net income from the residue" in equal shares to his "nephews and nieces", among whom were the petitioners. The trust was to terminate upon the death ">*946 of the last surviving nephew or niece and the remainder of the trust estate was then to be distributed to the testator's grandnephews and grandnieces.

Petitioner Gaylord P. Wilcox was named executor of decedent's will and on February 21, 1933, on">*1457 his petition to the Probate Court, letters testamentary were issued to him as executor of the estate and to the Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., as administrator c.t.a.

The administration of the estate was closed during 1934 and on February 17, 1934, an order was entered in the Probate Court approving the final account, ordering the discharge of the executor and administrator, and decreeing distribution of the estate. Pursuant to such order the executor and administrator on March 22, 1934, delivered all of the remainder of the estate to the petitioners Mabel I. Wilcox, Elsie H. Wilcox, and Gaylord P. Wilcox, as trustees under the decedent's will.

Income tax returns for the decedent's estate during the process of administration were filed by the executor and administrator upon the cash receipts and disbursements basis and for the calendar year. Such returns on Forms 1041 and 1040 for the taxable year begun January 21, 1933, and ended December 31, 1933, were duly filed with the collector for the district of Hawaii, at Honolulu. Similar returns were filed for the period from January 1, 1934, to March 1, 1934, the close of the period of administration of the estate.

Following is a statement">*1458 of the receipts and disbursements of the estate over the period from January 1, 1934, to the close of the period of administration:

	Capital	Income
Cash in hand, January 1, 1934	$2,866.14	$68,161.32
Receipts:
Dividends, domestic corporations		8,916.00
Interest, bonds, exempt		77.25
Reimbursement of inheritance taxes		3,097.86
Sales:
Bonds	18,952.50
Stocks	4,725.00
	26,543.64	80,252.43
Disbursements:
Administration expenses	913.80
Executor's commissions	23,619.77	9,035.87
Legal expenses	1,000.00
Repairs		88.41
Taxes	891.64	94.13
	26,425.21	9,218.41
Distributions to testamentary trustees	118.43	71,034.02

Thereafter, on September 17, 1935, the testamentary trustees paid to the territorial treasurer $45,330.81 additional inheritance tax, and on November 12, 1935, paid to the collector $85,538.70 additional estate tax and $8,886.65 interest thereon, a total of $139,756.16, which was assessed against the executor and administrator.

">*947 The return filed on behalf of the estate for the period from January 1 to March 1, 1934, showed a net loss of $1,753.14. The respondent determined that the estate had a net">*1459 income of $7,844.06. Among a number of other adjustments which are not contested, the respondent disallowed the deduction of $8,146.33 representing a portion of the executor's commissions in the total amount of $9,035.87 claimed as a deduction in the return. The amount disallowed by the respondent, $8,146.33, was the portion of such commissions which was shown in the executor's and administrator's accounts to have been due and payable on December 31, 1933, on income received by the estate in that year.

In his deficiency notices to these petitioners for the calendar year 1934 the respondent has determined that Mabel I. Wilcox, Elsie H. Wilcox, and Gaylord P. Wilcox are taxable as beneficiaries of the estate on their distributive shares of the income of the estate for 1934 in the amounts of $910.61, $943.37, and $918.99, respectively.

During the calendar year 1934 there was not paid to any of the taxpayers nor were they or any of them credited on the books of Gaylord P. Wilcox, executor, and Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., administrator, with any part of the income or property of said estate.

OPINION. - Petitioners contend, first, that they are not taxable on any income of the George">*1460 N. Wilcox estate for the period from January 1 to March 1, 1934, the close of the period of administration of the estate, and that the income of the estate, if any, is taxable to the executor and administrator. They further contend that the estate had no taxable income for its taxable year 1934 and that the respondent erred in determining the income of the estate for that year.

In the circumstances of this case we do not think that it is necessary to consider whether the estate of George N. Wilcox in process of administration for the period from January 1 to March 1, 1934, had a net income. Both the estate and the petitioners were on the cash receipts and disbursements basis. If the petitioners did not receive any part of the net income, albeit it was not legally deductible from the gross income, we do not see how the petitioners ad individuals are liable to any income tax upon income received. If the estate had a net income during this period, the petitioners as trustees may be liable to tax as transferees of the residuary estate. But the respondent has not determined any tax liability against them as trustees. We do not have the trust before us.

The stipulation of the">*1461 parties is that there was not paid to the petitioners or any of them during 1934 any part of the income or the property of the estate. The determination of the respondent that they, as individuals, received taxable income from the estate of George N. Wilcox upon the distribution of the estate to them as trustees is reversed.

">*948 Issue 4.

FINDINGS OF FACT. - Emma Lyman Wilcox, mother of the petitioners, died a resident of Lihue, Kauai County, Territory of Hawaii, July 28, 1934, at the age of 85, leaving a will which was admitted to probate on September 4, 1934. After making certain specific bequests the will provided that:

All the residue of my property of every kind and description I devise and bequeath to my children in equal shares, the issue of my son Charles Henry Wilcox and of any other deceased child of mine taking the share of such child by right of representation.

The Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., of Honolulu, was duly appointed administrator c.t.a., pursuant to a petition filed by the three children, the petitioners herein. The administration of the estate was closed during 1935 and on May 28, 1935, an order was entered by the Probate Court approving the">*1462 final account of the administrator and directing the distribution of the remainder of the estate to the residuary legatees in accordance with the provisions of the decedent's will. Such distribution was made during the period from June 18 to July 5, 1935, each of the petitioners herein receiving certain personal property, consisting principally of shares of stock of corporations and $1,973.90 cash.

The receipts and disbursements of the estate during the period from January 1 to July 5, 1935, the date of final distribution, were as follows:

	Capital	Income
Cash in hand, Jan. 1935	$4,945.40	$22,621.65
Receipts:
Bank certificates of deposit redeemed, bank savings account transferred	117,087.50
Dividends	94.05	12,439.97
Interest:
Bank		861.52
Bonds	10.83	228.62
Proceeds, sales of stocks and bonds	14,272.40
	136,410.18	36,151.76
Disbursements:
Bank certificates of deposit purchased	39,000.00
Debts of decedent	1,414.19
Legacies	15,000.00
Administration:
Advertising	10.00
Commissions	7,885.84	1,937.58
Fees:
Attorney	1,200.00
Court a/c	8.35
Master	250.00
Notary	1.25
Radiogram	6.00
Taxes:
Federal estate	77,130.89
Territorial inheritance	17,228.99
Documentary	184.58
Federal income:
Paid		934.77
Reserved		500.00
	159,320.09	3,372.35
Difference between cash receipts and disbursements	(22,909.91)	32,779.41
Excess of income receipts	9,869.50

">*1463 ">*949 The administrator c.t.a. elected to file the income tax return on behalf of the estate on the calendar year basis and on the cash receipts and disbursements basis, reporting for the taxable year 1935 a net income for the estate of $11,330.52 and an income tax liability of $323.14, which amount was duly paid to the collector in Honolulu. In such return no deduction from gross income was claimed under the provisions of section 162(c) of the Revenue Act of 1934 in respect of the distributions made to the petitioners as residuary legatees. In their individual income tax returns the petitioners did not include in their taxable income any of the amounts of cash which were distributed to them by the estate in that year.

The respondent has determined in his deficiency notice to each of the petitioners in these proceedings that:

Dividends in the amount of $1,973.90 distributed by the Estate of Emma L. Wilcox, are held to be taxable to you as an heir of the estate.

OPINION. - The petitioners contend that they are not taxable in 1935 on any of the amounts distributed to them by the Emma Lyman Wilcox estate in that year; that such distributions, both as to capital and income">*1464 of the estate, were made to them as residuary legatees under the testator's will and were received by them as nontaxable legacies.

Under the provisions of section 22(b)(3) of the Revenue Act of 1934 there is exempted from gross income "the value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise or inheritance", with the proviso "(but the income from such property shall be included in gross income)." Section 162 of the same act provides in material part as follows:

The net income of the estate or trust shall be computed in the same manner and on the same basis as in the case of an individual, except that -

* * *

(b) There shall be allowed as an additional deduction in computing the net income of the estate or trust the amount of the income of the estate or trust for its taxable year which is to be distributed currently by the fiduciary to the beneficiaries, and the amount of the income collected by a guardian of an infant which is to be held or distributed as the court may direct, but the amount so allowed as a deduction shall be included in computing the net income of the beneficiaries whether distributed to them or not. Any amount allowed as a deduction under this paragraph">*1465 shall not be allowed as a deduction under subsection (c) of this section in the same or any succeeding taxable year;

(c) In the case of income received by estates of deceased persons during the period of administration or settlement of the estate, and in the case of income which, in the discretion of the fiduciary, may be either distributed to the beneciary or accumulated, there shall be allowed as an additional deduction in computing the net income of the estate or trust the amount of the income of the estate or trust for its taxable year, which is properly paid or credited during such year to any legatee, heir, or beneficiary, but the amount so allowed as a deduction shall be included in computing the net income of the legatee, heir, or beneficiary.

">*950 In interpreting these provisions of law the respondent by Regulations 86, article 162-1, has provided in material part as follows:

From the gross income of the estate or trust there are also deductible (either in lieu of, or in addition to, the deductions referred to in the preceding paragraph of this article) the following:

* * *

(2) Any income of the estate or trust for its taxable year which is to be distributed">*1466 currently by the fiduciary to a beneficiary, whether or not such income is actually distributed.

(3) Any income of the estate of a deceased person for its taxable year which is properly paid or credited during such year to a legatee or heir, and any income either of such an estate or of a trust for its taxable year which is similarly paid or credited during that year to a legatee, heir, or beneficiary if there was vested in the fiduciary a discretion either to distribute or to accumulate such income.

* * *

The tax upon the net income of the estate or trust shall be paid by the fiduciary (see section 161(b)). If the tax has been properly paid on the net income of an estate or trust, the net income on which the tax is so paid is not, in the hands of the distributee thereof (the legatee or the beneficiary), taxable as income to him. [Emphasis supplied.]

From our findings it will be seen that the estate of Emma Lyman Wilcox for the period January 1 to July 5, 1935, recognized that it had taxable income. It filed a return of such net income and paid the tax legally due thereon. As we understand the respondent's contention it is that the estate during such period of administration">*1467 is not subject to tax upon its net income because pursuant to a court decree settling the estate it was paid over to the residuary legatees.

That the net income of an estate in process of administration or settlement is liable to income tax is not questioned. Either the estate or the beneficiary to whom the net income is distributed is liable for the tax. See Helvering v. Butterworth,290 U.S, 365. In the instant proceedings the petitioners contend that the estate is liable for the tax. It made a return upon such net income and paid the tax due thereon. It is the respondent's contention that the estate is not liable for the tax but that the beneficiaries are liable - not for a tax upon the net income of the estate but only upon such portion of the net income as was received by the residuary legatee in the form of cash.

This contention of the respondent appears to us to be directly contrary to his regulations. Paragraph (3) of article 162-1 of the regulations above quoted was clearly intended to cover section 162(c) of the statute. The estate in process of administration is liable for tax upon its net income to the end of the period of administration">*1468 unless "there was vested in the fiduciary a discretion either to distribute or to accumulate such income."

">*951 In the instant proceeding there was no authority vested in the executor by the terms of the will of the decedent to distribute the income of the estate to the residuary legatees. At the close of the administration period the entire proceeds of the estate, after the deduction of legacies and the payment of all expenses, pursuant to the court decree were paid over to the residuary legatees. What they received was their legacies. What they received was clearly exempt from income tax in accordance with the Commissioner's regulations, which we think correctly interpret the law.

The same question presented here was before the Board in the case of S. F. Durkheimer,41 B.T.A. 585">41 B.T.A. 585. We there held that the residuary legatee receiving his legacy pursuant to a court order at the close of the period of administration was not liable to income tax in respect of any part of the legacy. We see no reason to reach a different conclusion here. The action of the respondent upon this issue is reversed.

Issue 5.

FINDINGS OF FACT. - The petitioner, Gaylord">*1469 P. Wilcox, on November 3, 1930, transferred in trust to the Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., a large number of shares of stock of various corporations, certain insurance policies, and his private stamp collection. Under the trust agreement the trustee was given broad powers of management and control over the property and was directed "to pay the net income thereof or such part thereof as he may require at any time to the Settlor during his lifetime, all net income not so paid to the Settlor to be added to the capital of the trust estate at the end of each calendar year." The trust was to continue for a limited period after the settlor's death for the benefit of his wife, if she should survive him, and children and grandchildren. There was a further provision that if during the existence of the trust any emergency should arise the trustee in his discretion might pay out a limited amount of the trust corpus to or for the benefit of any of the beneficiaries. The settlor reserved the power to alter or amend the trust with the consent of the trustee, the settlor's wife, and adult children. Also, the settlor reserved the right, with the consent of the trustee, to appoint himself or his nominee">*1470 as a cotrustee of the trust, and pursuant to such power did appoint himself a cotrustee with the Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., on November 5, 1930.

Among the properties transferred to the trust by the settlor at the time of its creation were 2,307 shares of stock of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., and 500 shares of stock of the Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. During 1931 the trust purchased 193 additional shares of Inter-Island stock for $3,590.60. During 1934 it thus owned 2,500 shares of Inter-Island stock and as such stockholder ">*952 it received in December of that year $5,000 of the cash distribution which that corporation made to its stockholders on December 22, 1934, as more fully described in issue 1 above.

Also, during 1935, the trust was the owner of 500 shares of stock of Pacific Guano and received from that company $15,000 as its distributable share of the cash distribution made by that company to its stockholders on September 30, 1933, as more fully described in issue 2 above.

No part of the above amounts distributed to the trust by Inter-Island and by Pacific Guano in 1934 and 1935 has ever been paid or credited to the settlor, Gaylord P. Wilcox.

">*1471 In his deficiency notice to Gaylord P. Wilcox the respondent has determined that that petitioner is taxable in 1934 and 1935 upon the distributions made to the Gaylord P. Wilcox trust by Inter-Island and Pacific Guano in those years. The petitioner, Gaylord P. Wilcox, alleges in his petition that the respondent erred in including those amounts in his income.

OPINION. - Section 167 of the Revenue Act of 1934 provides in part that -

SEC. 167. INCOME FOR BENEFIT OF GRANTOR.

(a) Where any part of the income of a trust -

* * *

(2) may, in the discretion of the grantor or of any person not having a substantial adverse interest in the disposition of such part of the income, be distributed to the grantor; * * *

* * *

then such part of the income of the trust shall be included in computing the net income of the grantor.

All of the income of the trust here under consideration was distributable to the settlor, Gaylord P. Wilcox, and unquestionably all of the income of the trust for 1934 and 1935 is taxable to him in those years. The petitioner's contentions in this issue are that the distributions made to the trust by Inter-Island and Pacific Guano were not dividend distributions">*1472 and did not constitute income to the trust. These questions have both been resolved against the petitioners in issues 1 and 2 above.

The respondent's determination that the petitioner is liable to tax on the $5,000 distributed to the Gaylord P. Wilcox trust by Inter-Island in 1934 and on the $15,000 distributed to the trust by Pacific Guano in 1935 is sustained.

Reviewed by the Board.

Decisions will be entered under Rule 50.