United States Court of Appeals For the First Circuit Nos. 20-1077 20-1081 GHASSAN ALASAAD; NADIA ALASAAD; SUHAIB ALLABABIDI; SIDD BIKKANNAVAR; JEREMIE DUPIN; AARON GACH; ISMAIL ABDEL-RASOUL, a/k/a Isma'il Kushkush; DIANE MAYE ZORRI; ZAINAB MERCHANT; MOHAMMED AKRAM SHIBLY; MATTHEW WRIGHT, Plaintiffs, Appellees/Cross-Appellants, v. ALEJANDRO MAYORKAS, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, in his official capacity;* TROY MILLER, Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, in his official capacity;** TAE D. JOHNSON, Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, in his official capacity,*** Defendants, Appellants/Cross-Appellees. * Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas has been substituted for former Acting Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Chad F. Wolf as appellant/cross-appellee. ** Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Troy Miller has been substituted for former Chief Operating Officer and Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Mark A. Morgan as appellant/cross-appellee. *** Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Tae D. Johnson has been substituted for former Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Tony H. Pham as appellant/cross-appellee. ERRATA SHEET The opinion of this Court, issued on February 9, 2021, is amended as follows: On page 8, line 10, replace "occasion" with "occasions"