Greene v. Housing Auth. of Los Angeles

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT June 13, 2017
_________________________________
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
CEDRIC GREENE,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. No. 16-4148
(D.C. No. 2:16-CV-00806-RJS)
HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY (D. Utah)
OF LOS ANGELES,
Defendant - Appellee.
_________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
_________________________________
Before HARTZ, MURPHY, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________
Federal courts “have an independent obligation to determine whether subject-
matter jurisdiction exists, even in the absence of a challenge from any party.”
Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2006). A court must dismiss a case upon
concluding that it lacks subject-matter jurisdiction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3). The
party asserting subject-matter jurisdiction must overcome a presumption against
jurisdiction. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994).
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
The basic statutory grants of federal subject-matter jurisdiction are contained
in 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1332. Section 1331 provides for federal-question
jurisdiction, § 1332 for diversity of citizenship jurisdiction. A party invokes § 1331
jurisdiction by pleading a colorable claim “arising under” the Constitution or laws of
the United States. See Bell v. Hood, 327 U.S. 678, 681–85 (1946). A party invokes
§ 1332 jurisdiction by demonstrating that the parties have diverse citizenship and that
the claim exceeds $75,000. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a); Arbaugh, 546 U.S. at 513.
Here, Cedric Greene sued the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles
for negligence.1 He alleges that the Housing Authority failed to provide him with a
required notice that his apartment was unsafe and failed to correct issues with his
apartment. In his Complaint, Greene asserts no jurisdictional basis and he seeks
$55,000 in damages. The district court dismissed Greene’s Complaint after
concluding that it lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. We affirm.
A party cannot waive or forfeit a lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Arbaugh,
546 U.S. at 514. After reviewing Greene’s Complaint, we agree with the district court
that Greene has failed to establish subject-matter jurisdiction. See Whitelock v.
Leatherman, 460 F.2d 507, 514 (10th Cir. 1972) (“A federal court’s jurisdiction must
1
Because Greene appears pro se, “we construe his pleadings liberally.”
Ledbetter v. City of Topeka, 318 F.3d 1183, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003). In doing so, we
are more lenient about deficient pleadings, failure to cite appropriate legal authority,
and confusion of legal theories. See Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425
F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005). But we “cannot take on the responsibility of serving
as the litigant’s attorney in constructing arguments and searching the record.” Id. And
we will not “supply additional factual allegations to round out a plaintiff’s complaint
or construct a legal theory on a plaintiff’s behalf.” Whitney v. New Mexico, 113 F.3d
1170, 1173–74 (10th Cir. 1997).
2
clearly appear from the face of a complaint.”). Greene has asserted no basis for
federal-question jurisdiction and his claim for $55,000 defeats any diversity
jurisdiction.2 Thus, the district court’s judgment is affirmed. Greene’s motion asking
us to take judicial notice of certain facts alleged in his Complaint is denied.
Entered for the Court
Gregory A. Phillips
Circuit Judge
2
On appeal, Greene argues that he can obtain relief under 28 U.S.C.
§ 455(b)(1). That section states that a judge should disqualify himself “[w]here he
has a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party, or personal knowledge of
disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceeding.” Id. Section 455(b)(1) doesn’t
add to the district court’s subject-matter jurisdiction.
3