United States v. Villapudua-Quintero

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
January 22, 2009
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 08-2308
(D.C. No. 1:08-CR-02572-LH-1)
VICENTE VILLAPUDUA- (D. N.M.)
QUINTERO,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BRISCOE, MURPHY, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges.
Vicente Villapudua-Quintero appeals the district court’s order affirming the
magistrate judge’s order for detention pending trial on a charge of possession
with intent to distribute more than 500 grams of methamphetamine, in violation of
21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(A). “We apply de novo review to mixed
questions of law and fact concerning the detention or release decision, but we
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
accept the district court’s findings of historical fact which support that decision
unless they are clearly erroneous.” United States v. Cisneros, 328 F.3d 610, 613
(10th Cir. 2003). Applying these standards of review, we affirm.
Pretrial detention is governed by 18 U.S.C. § 3142. Under § 3142(e) and
(f), a defendant may be detained only if the court finds by clear and convincing
evidence that no conditions of release “will reasonably assure the appearance of
such person as required and the safety of any other person and the community.”
But § 3142(e) also establishes two rebuttable presumptions favoring detention:
one applicable to certain previous violators and one applicable to certain drug-
and-firearm offenders.
“Once [a] presumption is invoked, the burden of production shifts to the
defendant,” but “the burden of persuasion regarding risk-of-flight and danger to
the community always remains with the government.” United States v. Stricklin,
932 F.2d 1353, 1354-55 (10th Cir. 1991). “The defendant’s burden of production
is not heavy, but some evidence must be produced. Even if a defendant’s burden
of production is met, the presumption remains a factor for consideration by the
district court in determining whether to release or detain.” Id. at 1355.
In this case, the magistrate judge conducted an arraignment and detention
hearing and found probable cause to believe defendant had committed a drug
offense for which the maximum term of imprisonment is ten years or more. See
§ 3142(e)(3)(A). Thus, the drug-and-firearm-offender presumption applied and
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defendant was presumed to be both a flight risk and danger to the community.
See §3142(e)(1). The magistrate judge also found defendant’s “family ties to
Mexico” made him a flight risk. Aplt. App. at 29. On appeal of the magistrate
judge’s order, the district court affirmed. See 18 U.S.C. § 3145 (setting forth
process for appealing detention decisions).
In challenging his detention in this court, defendant first advances a novel
interpretation of § 3142(e). He asserts that no presumption arises unless the
government shows that defendant has a qualifying prior conviction and has “been
found by probable cause to have committed the charged offense.” Aplt. Br. at 8.
In the absence of any case-law support for conflating the “previous-violator”
presumption and the drug-and-firearm-offender presumption, we decline to credit
this argument.
Next, defendant claims that the record lacks evidence concerning danger to
the community and likelihood of flight risk. The record, however, indicates that
the charged crime involves a copious amount of methamphetamine and that
defendant employed a sophisticated method of carrying the substance.
Additionally, defendant, a resident alien, is employed only intermittently. His
mother, one daughter, and fifteen of his siblings live in Mexico. Although
defendant produced some evidence supporting his release, we determine the
evidence presented to the district court, coupled with the detention presumption,
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demonstrates that the government sustained its burden of proving defendant is a
danger to the community and a flight risk.
AFFIRMED.
Entered for the Court
Per Curiam
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