United States v. Bishop

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT January 13, 2016
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Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 15-6115
(D.C. No. 5:09-CR-00156-F-2)
RICHARD L. BISHOP, (W.D. Okla.)
Defendant - Appellant.
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ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
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Before HARTZ, BALDOCK, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
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Richard L. Bishop, a federal prisoner representing himself, appeals the district
court’s denial of his motion for sentence modification pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(2), based on Amendment 782 to the United States Sentencing Guidelines
Manual (“U.S.S.G.” or “Guidelines”). The district court denied his motion because
Amendment 782 would not alter his Guideline sentencing range; thus, Mr. Bishop is
ineligible for § 3582(c)(2) relief. We have construed Mr. Bishop’s pro se filings
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
liberally, see Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1201 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010), and
conducted a de novo review to determine if the district court correctly applied
§ 3582(c)(2), see United States v. Rhodes, 549 F.3d 833, 837 (10th Cir. 2008). We
affirm the district court’s judgment.
Mr. Bishop pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute
methamphetamine and one count of engaging in an illicit monetary transaction. At
his plea hearing, Mr. Bishop admitted that he accepted money in exchange for
smuggling out 248 pounds of ephedrine from the pharmaceutical company where he
worked, with the knowledge and intent that his co-conspirators would have it
manufactured into methamphetamine. The presentence report (PSR) concluded, and
Mr. Bishop agreed, that 248 pounds of ephedrine would yield approximately
84 kilograms of actual methamphetamine. The PSR recommended a sentencing
guideline range of 235 to 293 months’ imprisonment, calculated from Mr. Bishop’s
criminal history category I; an offense level of 38 based on the drug quantity
involved; a one-level enhancement for violating 18 U.S.C. § 1957; a two-level
enhancement for being an organizer or leader; and a three-level reduction for
acceptance of responsibility. Mr. Bishop did not object to the PSR. The district
court adopted the PSR, but imposed a downward-variant sentence of 180 months’
imprisonment.
Mr. Bishop moved to set aside his plea agreement, which was denied.
See United States v. Bishop, 491 F. App’x 926, 928 (10th Cir. 2012) (affirming
district court’s denial). He also moved to vacate his sentence under 28 U.S.C.
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§ 2255, which was denied. See United States v. Bishop, 529 F. App’x 910, 914
(10th Cir. 2013) (denying a certificate of appealability).1 He now seeks a reduction
of his sentence under § 3582(c)(2).
Section 3582(c)(2) permits the sentencing court to reduce a defendant’s
sentence if the defendant “has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment based on a
sentencing range that has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing Commission
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. [§ ]994(o), . . . if such a reduction is consistent with applicable
policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission.” The applicable
§ 3582(c)(2) policy statement provides that “[a] reduction in the defendant’s term of
imprisonment is not consistent with this policy statement and therefore is not
authorized under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) if . . . [a]n amendment . . . does not have the
effect of lowering the defendant’s applicable guideline range.” U.S.S.G.
§ 1B1.10(a)(2)(B).
In 2014, the U.S. Sentencing Commission issued Amendment 782, modifying
the drug-quantity tables to reduce the base-offense levels for various drug-related
offenses. But Amendment 782 did not affect Mr. Bishop’s criminal history category
or other sentencing enhancements that the district court had applied to him. Under
Amendment 782’s revised drug-quantity table as applied to Mr. Bishop’s 84
kilograms of actual methamphetamine, Mr. Bishop’s base-offense level would still be
1
Mr. Bishop was also convicted of altering documents for use in official
proceedings in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(1) because he altered letters of
support submitted to the court in his attempt for leniency in sentencing. See United
States v. Bishop, 493 F. App’x 984, 985 (10th Cir. 2012) (affirming conviction).
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38, and his total offense level would still be 38. See U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(1) (2014)
(assigning a base offense level of 38 to individuals with more than 45 kilograms of
methamphetamine). Thus, Mr. Bishop’s post-Amendment 782 Guideline range
would still be 235 to 293 months’ imprisonment. In these circumstances, Mr. Bishop
cannot obtain a sentence reduction under § 3582(c)(2). See United States v. Sharkey,
543 F.3d 1236, 1239 (10th Cir. 2008) (stating that because a U.S.S.G. amendment did
not affect the defendant’s Guideline range, a sentence reduction under § 3582(c)(2)
was properly denied).
Mr. Bishop argues that his drug quantity should be recalculated,
notwithstanding his stipulation that the ephedrine he smuggled would conservatively
yield 84 kilograms of actual methamphetamine, because there is information in the
PSR which could be used to determine the actual amount of ephedrine that was
distributed. He argues the district court erred in ignoring this argument. To the
contrary, the district court lacked jurisdiction to reach the merits of this argument
because Ҥ 3582(c)(2) does not authorize a resentencing[, but only] permits a
sentence reduction within the narrow bounds established by the Commission.”
Dillon v. United States, 560 U.S. 817, 831 (2010). “[D]istrict courts cannot
recalculate aspects of a sentence that are unaffected by a retroactively applicable
amendment to the Guidelines.” United States v. Battle, 706 F.3d 1313, 1317
(10th Cir. 2013) (citing Dillon, 560 U.S. at 831). In sentencing Mr. Bishop, the
district court made a specific drug quantity finding, which Mr. Bishop stipulated to,
and there is no basis to remand for any clarification or additional factual findings.
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The judgment of the district court is affirmed. We deny Mr. Bishop’s request
for in forma pauperis status.
Entered for the Court
Bobby R. Baldock
Circuit Judge
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