United States v. Zander

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT October 28, 2016
_________________________________
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 16-4138
(D.C. Nos. 2:15-CV-00625-DN &
JEFFREY CHARLES ZANDER, 2:10-CR-01088-DN-1)
(D. Utah)
Defendant - Appellant.
_________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
_________________________________
Before TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, LUCERO and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________
Jeffrey Charles Zander, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of
his motion for release pending the district court’s decision on the merits of his
28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion to vacate, set aside or correct his sentence. We exercise
jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.
I. Background
Mr. Zander was convicted of two counts of mail fraud, two counts of wire
fraud, one count of money laundering, and three counts of willful failure to file
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
federal tax returns. He was sentenced to sixty-eight months in prison and ordered to
pay $202,543.92 in restitution to the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah.
On appeal, we affirmed Mr. Zander’s convictions. We concluded, however,
that there were errors in the loss calculation and the amount of restitution that
required a remand to the district court for resentencing. The district court
resentenced Mr. Zander to the same term of imprisonment, but decreased the amount
of restitution to $176,698.00. Subsequently, the government filed a motion pursuant
to Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to correct an error in the
district court’s sentence. The district court granted the motion and reduced
Mr. Zander’s term of imprisonment to sixty-three months. Mr. Zander has appealed
from his new sentence and restitution amount (Appeal No. 16-4162).
While Mr. Zander was awaiting resentencing, he filed a pro se § 2255 motion,
raising a number of grounds related to trial testimony by two of the government’s
witnesses and statements the government made in its closing argument. The district
court ordered the government to respond to the motion. Shortly thereafter,
Mr. Zander filed a motion for release pending a decision on the merits of his § 2255
motion. The government filed a response to the § 2255 motion, but did not file a
response to the motion for release. The district court denied the motion for release.
Mr. Zander now appeals from that decision.
II. Discussion
In order to obtain release pending a determination on a § 2255 motion, an
inmate must make “a showing of exceptional circumstances” or “a demonstration of a
2
clear case on the merits of the habeas petition.” Pfaff v. Wells, 648 F.2d 689, 693
(10th Cir. 1981); see also United States v. Mett, 41 F.3d 1281, 1282 (9th Cir. 1994)
(“In the habeas context, this court has reserved bail for extraordinary cases involving
special circumstances or a high probability of success.” (internal quotation marks
omitted)).
Mr. Zander asserts that he has shown exceptional circumstances justifying his
release because the case files and legal materials he needs to pursue his rights under
§ 2255 have allegedly been seized and lost by the Bureau of Prisons. Even if these
allegations are true, Mr. Zander has not shown this situation constitutes an
exceptional circumstance justifying his release. He has not explained what specific
documents he needs or why he needs to be released in order to obtain them.
Moreover, he has cited to a number of documents in his appellate brief in support of
his arguments, which suggests he still has access to materials relevant to his case.
See, e.g., Aplt. Br. at 7-10, 14 (citing sentencing and trial transcripts). We agree with
the district court that Mr. Zander has failed to show exceptional circumstances
justifying his release during the pendency of his § 2255 proceedings.
Likewise, we agree with the district court that Mr. Zander has failed to
demonstrate a clear case on the merits of his § 2255 motion. Mr. Zander admits that
none of the claims he seeks to raise in his § 2255 motion were raised on direct
appeal. See Aplee. Br., Attach. A at 4, 6, 8-12. It therefore appears that Mr. Zander
3
faces a procedural hurdle before the district court can even reach the merits of his
claims. As we have explained:
Section 2255 motions are not available to test the legality of matters which
should have been raised on direct appeal. A defendant’s failure to present
an issue on direct appeal bars him from raising the issue in his § 2255
motion, unless he can show cause excusing his procedural default and
actual prejudice resulting from the errors of which he complains, or can
show that a fundamental miscarriage of justice will occur if his claim is not
addressed.
United States v. Warner, 23 F.3d 287, 291 (10th Cir. 1994) (citations omitted).
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s denial of Mr. Zander’s
motion for release.
Entered for the Court
Per Curiam
4