United States v. Palmer

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
October 19, 2017
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 17-4078
(D.C. Nos. 2:16-CV-00987-RJS &
RODNEY JAMES PALMER, 2:12-CR-00663-RJS-EJF-1)
(D. Utah)
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
Before BRISCOE, HARTZ, and BACHARACH, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Rodney James Palmer, a federal prisoner appearing pro se, requests a
certificate of appealability (COA) in order to appeal the district court’s denial of his
motion to vacate his sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Because we conclude that
Palmer has failed to demonstrate entitlement to a COA, we deny his request for a COA
and dismiss this matter.
I
In 2012, a federal grand jury indicted Palmer on one count of producing child
*
This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, and collateral estoppel.
pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a), and one count of possessing child
pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(5)(B). Palmer and the government
entered into a Rule 11(c)(1)(C) plea agreement, pursuant to which Palmer agreed to plead
guilty to one count of producing child pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a).
The district court, after conducting a plea hearing and satisfying itself that there was a
factual basis for the plea, accepted the plea agreement.
Prior to sentencing, Palmer moved to withdraw his guilty plea. After conducting
an evidentiary hearing, the district court denied Palmer’s motion. In doing so, the district
court found that Palmer “was not coerced into pleading guilty but instead voluntarily,
knowingly, and intelligently entered into his plea, all the while receiving effective
assistance of counsel.” United States v. Palmer, 630 F. App’x 795, 796 (10th Cir. 2015).
The district court then sentenced Palmer, consistent with the terms of the plea agreement,
to a term of imprisonment of 210 months.
Palmer filed a direct appeal challenging the district court’s denial of his motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. This court rejected Palmer’s arguments and affirmed his
conviction and sentence. Id.On September 22, 2016, Palmer filed a motion to vacate his sentence pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 2255. In his motion, Palmer asserted two arguments: (1) that the district
court lacked jurisdiction over him because he is a sovereign state citizen rather than a
United States citizen; and (2) that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
investigate possible defenses that could have been raised (i.e., the sovereign state citizen
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argument).
On April 27, 2017, the district court issued a memorandum decision and order
denying Palmer’s § 2255 motion. The district court concluded that Palmer’s ineffective
assistance of counsel claim fell within the scope of the appellate waiver contained in
Palmer’s written plea agreement. Although the district court acknowledged that the plea
agreement authorized Palmer to bring an ineffective assistance claim related to counsel’s
ineffective assistance in negotiating or entering the plea, it concluded that the ineffective
assistance claim asserted in Palmer’s § 2255 motion had nothing to do with the plea
negotiations or plea agreement. As for Palmer’s claim that he is a sovereign state citizen
to whom the laws of the United States do not apply, the district court rejected the claim as
frivolous. On May 2, 2017, the district court entered judgment in the case.
On May 15, 2017, Palmer filed a motion to reconsider as well as a notice of
appeal. On June 5, 2017, the district court denied Palmer’s motion for reconsideration.
II
Palmer now seeks a COA from this court in order to appeal the district court’s
order denying his § 2255 motion. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B) (“Unless a circuit
justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability, an appeal may not be taken to the
court of appeals from . . . the final order in a proceeding under section 2255.”). To obtain
a COA, he must make “a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” Id.§ 2253(c)(2). A substantial showing means that “reasonable jurists could debate whether
(or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different
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manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed
further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (internal quotation marks
omitted). Moreover, where, as here, a district court dismisses a § 2255 motion in part on
procedural grounds, the petitioner must demonstrate, with respect to any procedural
ruling, “that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid
claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it
debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Id.
Having carefully examined Palmer’s application for COA and the record on
appeal, we conclude that he has failed to establish his entitlement to a COA on either of
the issues raised in his § 2255 motion. With respect to the ineffective assistance of
counsel claim, reasonable jurists could not disagree that the claim falls plainly within the
scope of the appellate waiver contained in Palmer’s written plea agreement. As for
Palmer’s sovereign state citizen argument, reasonable jurists could also not disagree that
the claim is plainly frivolous. See 18 U.S.C. § 3231 (“The district courts of the United
States shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of all offenses
against the laws of the United States.”); see also United States v. Benabe, 654 F.3d 753,
767 (7th Cir. 2011) (“Regardless of an individual’s claimed status of descent, be it as a
‘sovereign citizen,’ a ‘secured-party creditor,’ or a ‘flesh-and-blood human being,’ that
person is not beyond the jurisdiction of the courts. These theories should be rejected
summarily, however they are presented.”); Lonsdale v. United States, 919 F.2d 1440,
1448 (10th Cir. 1990) (rejecting similar arguments in the tax-protester context).
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III.
Palmer’s request for a COA is DENIED, his motion to expedite is DENIED as
moot, and this matter is DISMISSED.
Entered for the Court
Mary Beck Briscoe
Circuit Judge
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