Calcari v. Ortiz

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
August 21, 2012
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
BRIAN P. CALCARI,
Petitioner-Appellant No. 12-1080
v. (D. of Colo.)
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR JOE (D.C. No. 1:04-CV-01298-ZLW)
ORTIZ; and THE ATTORNEY
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
COLORADO,
Respondents-Appellees.
and
BRIAN P. CALCARI,
No. 12-1170
Petitioner-Appellant
v. (D. of Colo.)
JOHN W. SUTHERS, Attorney (D.C. No. 1:00-CV-00350-RPM)
General of the State of Colorado,
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY *
Before KELLY, TYMKOVICH, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges. **
*
This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
**
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
(continued...)
Brian P. Calcari, a Colorado state prisoner, seeks a certificate of
appealability (COA) to enable him to appeal, in two different cases, the district
court’s dismissal of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition. We have jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a), and we construe Calcari’s filing liberally because he
is proceeding pro se. See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 & n.3 (10th Cir.
1991).
Nonetheless, no reasonable jurist could conclude the district court’s
dismissals were incorrect. See Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000).
Accordingly, we DENY the applications for a COA, DENY the applications to
proceed in forma pauperis, and DISMISS the appeals.
I. Facts
In 1996, Calcari was convicted in Colorado state court of first-degree
assault, accessory to attempted first-degree murder, and accessory to first-degree
assault. His convictions were affirmed upon direct appeal in state court. In 2000,
he filed an application for habeas relief, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The
district court denied relief, and we affirmed on jurisdictional grounds related to
Calcari’s failure to exhaust his claims in state court. Calcari v. Suthers, 242 F.3d
**
(...continued)
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
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387 (10th Cir. 2000) (unpublished table decision). Calcari then unsuccessfully
sought post-conviction relief in Colorado state court, before again pursuing
federal habeas relief. The district court denied his renewed petition as untimely
and we affirmed. Calcari v. Ortiz, No. 04-1422, 2005 WL 300424 (10th Cir. Feb.
9, 2005).
A. Case No. 12-1080
In 2011, Calcari filed several Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(4)
motions requesting relief from the prior denials of habeas relief. The district
court determined that the motions were true Rule 60(b) motions challenging the
court’s procedural ruling—the court’s prior decision to deny his applications as
time-barred—as opposed to a second or successive habeas application. But the
court concluded that Calcari had not established grounds for relief under Rule
60(b)(4), ultimately denying the motions, declining to grant a COA, and denying
Calcari’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis. Calcari timely appealed.
B. Case No. 12-1170
In 2011, Calcari filed several Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(4)
motions requesting relief from the prior denials of habeas relief. The district
court denied the motions as “frivolous and without merit,” and denied a COA. R.,
Vol. II at 25. Calcari then filed a notice of appeal, but did not do so until more
than 30 days after entry of the district court’s order. We dismissed the appeal as
untimely. See Calcari v. Suthers, No. 12-1081 (10th Cir. Mar. 14, 2012). But
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while the appeal was pending, Calcari filed a second notice of appeal, along with
an affidavit asserting that he never received a copy of the district court’s original
denial order. The affidavit was construed as a motion to reopen the time to
appeal, which the district court denied “because the pleadings are frivolous,” and
again denied a COA. R., Vol. II at 35. Calcari then filed a motion to reconsider,
and asked the court to produce evidence of the “clerk’s mailing of judgment order
dated January 13, 2012.” Id. at 40. The district court denied the motion, as the
“appeal is not taken in good faith because [Calcari] has not shown the existence
of a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of the
issues.” Id. at 42.
Calcari now appeals the denial of his motion to reopen the time to appeal,
and his motion for reconsideration and production.
II. Discussion
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) conditions a
petitioner’s right to appeal a denial of habeas relief under § 2254 upon a grant of
a COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A). To receive a COA, the applicant must
demonstrate a “substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” Id. at
§ 2253(c)(2). When the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural
grounds, a COA should issue only when the prisoner shows that “jurists of reason
would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
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constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the
district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack, 529 U.S. at 484.
A. Case No. 12-1080
Construing his pro se filing liberally, Calcari appears to raise two issues:
whether the district court (1) improperly construed his Rule 60(b)(4) motions; and
(2) failed to apply principles of equitable tolling. Additionally, Calcari now
requests leave to file a second or successive habeas petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 2244(b)(3)(A). For substantially the same reasons as the district court, we deny
all of Calcari’s requests.
With respect to his argument that the district court improperly construed his
Rule 60(b)(4) motions, Calcari has not presented any evidence supporting his
assertion that the judgment against him is void. As the district court explained,
an order is void for Rule 60(b)(4) purposes if the rendering court was powerless
to enter it due to lack of jurisdiction over the parties or subject matter. See
United States v. Buck, 281 F.3d 1336, 1344 (10th Cir. 2002). Calcari has not
raised any reasonable arguments suggesting that the court lacked jurisdiction in
this case. As we said in Buck, “[a]ppellants make the all-too-common error of
thinking that a court acts without jurisdiction when it makes a mistake. But a
judgment is not void merely because it is erroneous.” Id. at 1344 (quotation
omitted). And any arguments suggesting that the state court erred—which
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nothing in the record suggests—have been waived. See Rule 60(c)(1) (all Rule
60(b) motions must be “made within a reasonable time”).
Calcari’s argument that the principles of equitable tolling should apply is
equally without merit. See Gibson v. Klinger, 232 F.3d 799, 808 (10th Cir. 2000)
(equitable tolling of the one-year limitation period is available “only in rare and
exceptional circumstances”). There is nothing to suggest that Calcari meets this
high standard, given that it has been many years since judgment was entered.
Finally, an applicant who seeks to file a second or successive habeas
petition faces a “heavy burden of persuasion,” and authorization will only be
granted in cases where the applicant has “made a prima facie showing that he
could meet the requirements of § 2244(b).” LaFevers v. Gibson, 238 F.3d 1263,
1264, 1268 (10th Cir. 2001). At the outset, we note that we normally require a
separate motion for permission under § 2244 to file a second or successive habeas
petition, but in the interest of judicial economy, we have chosen to consider
Calcari’s motion in conjunction with this appeal. See Sherratt v. Utah Bd. of
Pardons & Parole, No. 11-4174, 2012 WL 2045768, at *2 (10th Cir. June 07,
2012).
In support of his petition, Calcari relies on a modified state appellate rule,
Colorado Appellate Rule 51.1(b), which became effective January 1, 2012. The
rule change modified the time allowed for a state prisoner to exhaust his state
remedies, if his federal habeas petition is denied for failure to exhaust. The prior
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rule gave a party 45 days to file a motion in state court, while the modified rule
gives a party 49 days to do so.
This change has no bearing on this case, given that many years have passed
since Calcari’s habeas petition was denied. Contrary to Calcari’s assertions, this
small change in a state appellate rule does not satisfy § 2244(b)(2)(A)’s
requirement that a second or successive habeas petition “rel[y] on a new rule of
constitutional law, made retroactive.” This is not a new rule of constitutional
law, and there is no indication that it is being applied retroactively. For these
reasons, we DENY Calcari’s request for authorization to file a second or
successive habeas application.
B. Case No. 12-1170
Calcari argues that he has still not received a copy of the district court’s
original denial order—despite having filed two notices of appeal based on that
order—and requests that we allow him to refile his notice of appeal, once he
receives a copy of the district court’s order. Calcari relies on Nunley v. City of
Los Angeles, 52 F.3d 792 (9th Cir. 1995), to argue that his affidavit denying
receipt effectively rebuts the valid presumption governing service to
institutionalized litigants. See, e.g., Lozano v. Ashcroft, 258 F.3d 1160, 1165
(10th Cir. 2001) (finding that a presumption of receipt within five days of mailing
is appropriate whenever the actual receipt date is unknown or disputed).
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There is actually some reason to believe Calcari may not have received this
document. As support, he points to his prison mail receipt log, which shows only
one delivery in the relevant time period, on January 19, 2012. See R., Vol. II at
34. Calcari asserts that this delivery was a copy of an order granting his request
for a status report in a related case, rather than a copy of the order entered in this
case by the district court on January 13, 2012. Having reviewed the record in the
related case, Civil Action No. 04-cv-01298-ZLW, this appears to be a plausible
explanation. 1 In that case, an order was mailed by the district court to Calcari on
January 17, 2012, two days prior to the delivery noted in the prison receipt log.
While this evidence does not necessarily rebut the presumption, it does raise an
issue of fact as to whether receipt actually occurred. See Armstrong v. Cornish,
102 F. App’x 118, 120 (10th Cir. 2004).
But, as we are free to affirm the district court’s ruling on other grounds
supported by the record, remand is not necessary. United States v. Sandoval, 29
F.3d 537, 542 n.6 (10th Cir. 1994). Having reviewed the record, we agree with
the district court that Calcari’s filings in this matter are frivolous and without
merit. Calcari is attempting to seek relief from an order that is over a decade old
and that definitively established his rights and remedies at that time. Calcari’s
1
We have authority to review this material because we may take judicial
notice of public records, including district court filings. See United States v.
Smalls, 605 F.3d 765, 768 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010) (taking judicial notice of district
court record that was not part of the record on appeal).
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arguments are predicated on a variety of ex-post facto claims and a theory about
the retroactivity of certain Supreme Court cases decided since his initial habeas
petition. All of these arguments lack merit and are frivolous. None of the
Supreme Court cases that could conceivably apply to his claims have been made
retroactive. See Armstrong, 102 F. App’x at 120 (affirming the denial of a motion
on the grounds that the appellant was seeking a “drastic remedy, which is to be
used only in extraordinary situations”).
Accordingly, the district court properly denied Calcari’s motion to reopen
the time to appeal, and his motion for reconsideration and production.
III. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing analysis, we DENY Calcari’s requests for a COA,
DENY the applications to proceed in forma pauperis, and DISMISS the appeals.
Entered for the Court,
Timothy M. Tymkovich
Circuit Judge
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