Crownhart v. Muller

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
August 29, 2014
TENTH CIRCUIT
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
EARL J. CROWNHART,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 14-1281
(D.C. No. 1:14-CV-01927-LTB)
CHRISTIAN MULLER and JOHN (D. Colorado)
HICKENLOOPER,
Respondents – Appellees.
ORDER DENYING
CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY *
Before GORSUCH, MURPHY and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner and appellant, Earl J. Crownhart, proceeding pro se, requests a
certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal the district court’s denial of his petition for
habeas corpus relief filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. He also brings a renewed motion
for leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. Having reviewed the record and the
*
This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
relevant law, we deny Mr. Crownhart’s application for a COA and his motion to proceed
in forma pauperis. We therefore dismiss this matter.
I. BACKGROUND
Mr. Crownhart is currently subject to civil commitment at the Grand Junction
Regional Center in Grand Junction, Colorado. See Crownhart v. May, 556 F. App’x. 758
(10th Cir. May 21, 2014). Based on his filing of numerous frivolous actions,1
Mr. Crownhart has been permanently enjoined from filing any civil actions in the District
of Colorado without representation by a Colorado-licensed attorney, unless he first
obtains leave of court by a judicial officer to proceed pro se. See Crownhart v.
Suthers, No. 13–cv–00959–LTB (D. Colo. June 14, 2013). Any pleadings that
Mr. Crownhart files pro se and without leave of court will therefore be dismissed unless
they comply with the standards set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8.
In this action, Mr. Crownhart challenges his civil confinement at the Grand
Junction Regional Center under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Mr. Crownhart filed a habeas corpus
petition in the district court, claiming that his confinement without parole or probation is
unconstitutional. But Mr. Crownhart’s petition provided no context or support for this
claim. The district court dismissed his petition, explaining that Mr. Crownhart failed to
include “a short and plain statement showing he is entitled to relief.” See Fed. R. Civ. P.
1
As we noted in a decision issued just three months ago, between December 2005
and August 2013, Mr. Crownhart filed a combined thirty-five complaints and habeas
petitions. Crownhart v. May, 556 F. App’x. 758, 760 n.3 (10th Cir. May 21, 2014). We
are aware of at least two additional actions, including the present appeal, that Mr.
Crownhart has filed since August 2013.
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8. The court also noted that, although Mr. Crownhart had identified the relevant state
court case that resulted in his confinement, he failed to discuss whether he had exhausted
his state court remedies.2
Mr. Crownhart also filed a motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), the district court determined that any appeal from its
order would not be taken in good faith and therefore denied Mr. Crownhart’s motion.
Mr. Crownhart timely filed an application for a COA and a renewed motion to proceed in
forma pauperis on appeal.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Certificate of Appealability
Prior to challenging a denial of habeas corpus relief, a petitioner must obtain a
COA, which we will issue “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the
denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). To meet this burden, the
applicant must show that “reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter,
agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues
presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v.
McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted).
2
Prior to filing this action, Mr. Crownhart filed a similar § 2254 petition, which the
district court also dismissed for failure to exhaust state court remedies. Crownhart v.
Suthers, No. 12-cv-03053-LTB, *3–5 (D. Colo. May 21, 2013). We dismissed Mr.
Crownhart’s appeal in that case as untimely. Crownhart v. Suthers, No. 14-1114 (10th
Cir. Mar. 28, 2014).
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Mr. Crownhart fails to meet this burden. As the district court noted,
Mr. Crownhart’s § 2254 petition did not comply with federal pleading standards because
it failed to present a short and plain statement demonstrating that Mr. Crownhart is
entitled to relief. On appeal, Mr. Crownhart does not acknowledge this basis for the
denial of his habeas corpus petition. Instead, Mr. Crownhart baldly asserts that the district
court’s order violated his First Amendment rights. But he provides no context or legal
support for this argument. Moreover, Mr. Crownhart fails to challenge the district court’s
conclusion that he has not demonstrated an exhaustion of his state court remedies. In
sum, nothing in his present application for COA demonstrates that Mr. Crownhart was
deprived of any constitutional rights or that the district court’s denial of his habeas corpus
petition was in error. We therefore deny Mr. Crownhart’s request for a COA.
B. Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis
28 U.S.C. § 1915 permits any court of the United States to grant an indigent
litigant pauper status so that the litigant may commence, prosecute, defend, or appeal any
civil or criminal action “without payment of fees or security therefor.” But § 1915 also
provides that “[a]n appeal may not be taken in forma pauperis if the trial court certifies in
writing that it is not taken in good faith.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3). Despite this limitation,
we have held that “a party who seeks in forma pauperis status and is certified by the
district court as not appealing in good faith may nonetheless move this court for leave to
proceed on appeal in forma pauperis pursuant to the mechanism set forth in Rule
24(a)(5).” Rolland v. Primesource Staffing, L.L.C., 497 F.3d 1077, 1079 (10th Cir. 2007).
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To do so, however, the appellant must show not only “a financial inability to pay the
required filing fees,” but also “the existence of a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the
law and facts in support of the issues raised on appeal.” DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937
F.2d 502, 505 (10th Cir. 1991).
In this case, the district court determined that any appeal from its order would not
be taken in good faith. Therefore, to prevail on his renewed motion to proceed in forma
pauperis, Mr. Crownhart must demonstrate the existence of a nonfrivolous argument on
appeal. Mr. Crownhart has not met this requirement. Because his appeal fails to raise any
meritorious challenges to the district court’s denial of his habeas corpus petition, we deny
Mr. Crownhart’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis. We therefore direct
Mr. Crownhart to remit the full amount of the appellate filing fee. We also reiterate the
warning we recently issued to Mr. Crownhart that “abusing the court system with
gratuitous filings can result in sanctions and other restrictions for any litigant.”
Crownhart, 556 F. App’x. at 760.
III. CONCLUSION
Mr. Crownhart has not made a substantial showing that he has been denied a
constitutional right, nor has he shown the existence of a nonfrivolous argument on
appeal. Accordingly, we DENY his petition for a COA and his motion to proceed in
forma pauperis and DISMISS the appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Carolyn B. McHugh
Circuit Judge
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