Petzold v. Jones

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
October 15, 2009
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
STEFEN D. PETZOLD,
Petitioner-Appellant,
No. 09-6002
v. (W.D. Okla.)
(D.C. No. 5:06-CV-1317-HE)
JUSTIN JONES, Director,
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before KELLY, BRISCOE, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Stefen D. Petzold, an Oklahoma state prisoner who is presently
serving a 47-year sentence after pleading guilty to three counts of kidnapping,
two counts of robbery with a firearm, and one count of larceny with an
automobile, appeals from the district court’s denial of his petition for a writ of
habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Mr. Petzold contends that his trial
*
This Order and Judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th
Cir. R. 32.1. After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
counsel was ineffective because (a) she did not file a motion to suppress certain
evidence, but rather facilitated his inculpatory statements to law enforcement; and
(b) she failed to conduct an adequate investigation, most notably of whether the
ostensible homeowner-victim actually was involved in the crimes. The district
court denied Mr. Petzold’s petition. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1291. For substantially the same reasons given by the district court, we
affirm.
BACKGROUND
Mr. Petzold admitted to participating in a robbery in Edmond, Oklahoma,
during the early morning hours of October 4, 2001. Mr. Petzold and others
robbed the Aguilera family of cash and rare coins at gunpoint. Approximately
$200,000 to $250,000 in rare coins were taken, along with $25,000 to $30,000 in
cash. After the incident, Edmond police officers received a tip that Mr. Petzold
had confessed his part in the robbery to his girlfriend, Lacey Christian. Based on
this tip, officers confronted Mr. Petzold on October 5, 2001, at Ms. Christian’s
home in Logan County, Oklahoma. At that time, the Edmond officers had not
obtained prior authorization from Logan County officials to act within Logan
County, which is outside the jurisdiction of the Edmond Police Department. Mr.
Petzold signed a waiver to allow the officers to search his vehicle where they
found rare coins that had been stolen from the Aguileras. The officers then took
Mr. Petzold to the Edmond Police Department, where he confessed to his
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involvement in the crime and was arrested. During the confession, Mr. Petzold
also signed a waiver for a search of his bedroom, where he allegedly had hidden a
suitcase of stolen cash. After officers searched his bedroom and found nothing,
Mr. Petzold’s mother, Candice Petzold, admitted to police that she had hidden the
suitcase and turned it over to them.
Six days later, on October 11, 2001, Mr. Petzold participated in a second
interview with police in which he recounted his participation in the robbery. Mr.
Petzold’s retained trial counsel, Rebecca Schneider, was present and Mr. Petzold
was given Miranda warnings.
Charges stemming from the robbery were filed against Mr. Petzold in two
counties. He was charged in Logan County with third-degree arson (relating to
the burning of the Aguilera’s vehicle) and receiving stolen property. Mr.
Petzold’s attorney in that case, Stacy Smith, filed a motion to suppress. At a
hearing, the Logan County district court granted the motion to suppress as to the
evidence obtained from Mr. Petzold stemming from the Edmond officers’
unauthorized actions in Logan County, namely, Mr. Petzold’s waiver to allow
police to search his vehicle and his inculpatory statement to police upon his
arrest. However, the court did not suppress Mr. Petzold’s second statement to
police. As a result of the successful motion to suppress, the stolen property
charge against Mr. Petzold was dismissed. The arson charge was later dismissed
on grounds unconnected to this appeal.
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Mr. Petzold also faced charges in Oklahoma County, where he was charged
with three counts of kidnapping, two counts of robbery with a firearm, and one
count of larceny with an automobile. Mr. Petzold followed his counsel’s advice
and entered a blind guilty plea to those charges. He was sentenced by the
Oklahoma County district court to a total of 47 years’ imprisonment. 1 Apparently
taken aback by the length of his sentence, Mr. Petzold sought to withdraw his
guilty plea, but this endeavor failed. He then unsuccessfully appealed the denial
of his motion to withdraw the plea, and subsequently sought post-conviction
relief, which was denied by the state district court. The Oklahoma Court of
Criminal Appeals (“OCCA”) subsequently affirmed that denial.
Mr. Petzold filed the instant § 2254 petition with the Western District of
Oklahoma alleging that his trial counsel was ineffective because (a) she did not
file a motion to suppress evidence based on the Edmond officers’ unauthorized
actions in Logan County, but rather facilitated his inculpatory statements to law
enforcement; and (b) she failed to conduct an adequate investigation, most
notably into whether Mr. Aguilera actually was involved in the crimes,
1
Mr. Petzold previously had rejected a plea offer by the prosecutor
that would have involved dismissal of all but one armed robbery count and would
have recommended to the judge a 20-year sentence of imprisonment, with the last
five years to be suspended. The prosecutor testified that he made the offer in
writing to Ms. Schneider and that she later told him that Mr. Petzold had rejected
the offer.
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coordinating an insurance-fraud scheme. 2 The matter was referred to a Magistrate
Judge, who appointed counsel for Mr. Petzold and conducted an evidentiary
hearing. 3 The Magistrate Judge then issued Proposed Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of Law (“PF&R”), recommending that the district court deny habeas
relief because, regardless of the quality of legal representation by counsel,
counsel’s alleged errors were not prejudicial. After de novo review of Mr.
Petzold’s objections to the PF&R, the district court agreed with the Magistrate
Judge’s recommendation. Petzold v. Jones, 619 F. Supp. 2d 1143, 1146-47 (W.D.
Okla. 2008). The district court held, for substantially the same reasons given by
the Magistrate Judge, that the evidence did not support the conclusion that, but
2
In his petition, Mr. Petzold also raised double jeopardy claims, but
they are not at issue here. Specifically, Mr. Petzold argued that his convictions
violated the Fifth Amendment’s prohibition against double jeopardy because the
crimes for which he was convicted involved a single transaction. The OCCA
rejected this claim on its merits. In his Report and Recommendation, the
Magistrate Judge recommended that the district court deny relief on Mr. Petzold’s
double jeopardy claims because the OCCA’s conclusions were not contrary to,
and did not involve an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal
law. Mr. Petzold did not object to the Report and Recommendation on the double
jeopardy issue and the district court deemed any further litigation of that issue to
be waived and adopted the Report and Recommendation. Subsequently, the
district court issued Mr. Petzold a certificate of appealability only on the issue of
alleged ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
3
The Magistrate Judge ordered that an evidentiary hearing be held on
Mr. Petzold’s ineffective assistance of counsel claims after finding that he had
attempted to develop the factual foundation for those claims in state court.
Consequently, the district court held that the restrictions on such hearings
embodied in 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(2) did not apply. See Miller v. Champion, 161
F.3d 1249, 1253 (10th Cir. 1998).
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for counsel’s alleged errors, Mr. Petzold would have opted to proceed to trial
instead of pleading guilty, particularly in light of the “ample” evidence of his
guilt that was unaffected by any error. Id. at 1147. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Because the OCCA summarily rejected Mr. Petzold’s ineffective assistance
of counsel claims without reaching the merits, the district court decided the issues
in the first instance. 4 See Fairchild v. Workman, 579 F.3d 1134, 1140 (10th Cir.
2009); Cargle v. Mullin, 317 F.3d 1196, 1212 (10th Cir. 2003). Accordingly, we
will review the district court’s conclusions of law de novo and its factual findings
for clear error. See Fairchild, 579 F.3d at 1140.
It is well-established that ineffective assistance of counsel claims are
reviewed under Strickland’s two-part test. See Strickland v. Washington, 466
4
We conclude that Mr. Petzold’s claims are not barred from review
because of state procedural default. See Fairchild v. Workman, 579 F.3d 1134,
1140 (10th Cir. 2009). In denying Mr. Petzold’s application for post-conviction
relief, the OCCA concluded that his ineffective assistance of counsel claims were
barred by res judicata because it had reviewed the effectiveness of counsel in
denying certiorari in Mr. Petzold’s direct appeal. The OCCA noted that Mr.
Petzold had not provided sufficient reasons for why he previously had not
adequately raised the issue, and that it would not consider the new grounds for
ineffective assistance. The Magistrate Judge determined that the state procedural
bar was inadequate because the time period for certiorari review in Oklahoma,
that is, ten days for filing an application to withdraw a guilty plea and ninety days
to file a petition for writ of certiorari after conviction, is insufficient to discover
and develop a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. We agree. See Hickman
v. Spears, 160 F.3d 1269, 1271-72 (10th Cir. 1998). Moreover, the Appellee does
not raise this issue on appeal, despite having argued it below. See Fairchild, 579
F.3d at 1145-46 (failure to raise an issue in an appellate brief operates as a
waiver).
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U.S. 668 (1984). Mr. Petzold therefore must show that: (1) “counsel’s
representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness,” and (2) “there
is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result
of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 688, 694. “We approach
these issues with ‘a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the
wide range of reasonable professional assistance,’ and that ‘the challenged action
might be considered sound trial strategy.’” Fairchild, 579 F.3d at 1140 (quoting
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689). For Mr. Petzold to prevail, he must demonstrate “a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded
guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52,
59 (1985).
The district court adopted the Magistrate Judge’s conclusion that, even
assuming arguendo that counsel was deficient in failing to file a motion to
suppress when a similar motion was granted by the Logan County district court, 5
that failure was not prejudicial in light of the “ample evidence” of Mr. Petzold’s
guilt that would not have been subject to suppression. Petzold, 619 F. Supp. 2d at
1147. Given the strength of the remaining evidence against Mr. Petzold, 6 the
5
At the evidentiary hearing, Ms. Schneider agreed that a motion to
suppress should have been filed and that such a motion would have been granted.
6
The evidence of Mr. Petzold’s guilt not subject to suppression would
have included: his voluntary October 11 confession to police that took place six
days after his arrest; Mr. Petzold’s admissions to Ms. Christian of his
(continued...)
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district court concluded that he likely would have still entered a guilty plea even
if a motion to suppress had been successful. 7 Id. Furthermore, the district court
held that Mr. Petzold failed to demonstrate that, but for counsel’s decision to
allow Mr. Petzold to give voluntary statements to the police in an effort to be
cooperative and show he was the least culpable of all of the four participants, he
would not have pleaded guilty, but would have insisted on going to trial. Id.Finally, the district court found that Mr. Petzold’s contention that counsel was
ineffective because she did not adequately investigate the possibility that Mr.
Aguilera orchestrated the robbery as part of an insurance scam, and also that the
lead Edmond Police investigator on the case, Detective Don Johnson, colluded
6
(...continued)
participation in the crime; the identification of Mr. Petzold by the three members
of the Aguilera family who were the victims of the robbery; testimony from one
of the other participants in the crime implicating Mr. Petzold; and evidence that
Mr. Petzold went on a spending spree after the robbery.
7
We will assume arguendo that any motion to suppress would have
been successful based on (a) the ruling by the Logan County district court, (b)
Ms. Schneider’s statement that such a motion would have been successful, and (c)
the rule in Oklahoma that generally a police officer’s authority cannot extend
beyond his jurisdiction. See Phipps v. State, 841 P.2d 591, 593-94 (Okla. Crim.
App. 1992) (reversing a conviction obtained from an arrest and search conducted
by an officer acting outside of his geographic jurisdiction). Accordingly, we
assume that the coins found in Mr. Petzold’s vehicle, his October 5 confession to
police, and the suitcase belonging to Mr. Petzold that was full of cash would have
been suppressed, but we agree with the Magistrate Judge (and, by extension, the
district court) that no other evidence would have been subject to suppression.
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with Mr. Aguilera to further the scam’s objectives, was unpersuasive. 8 Id. The
district court held that it was not likely that an investigation by counsel would
have revealed any credible evidence of collusion, particularly because there is
evidence disproving such a theory in the record as the Magistrate Judge described
in detail. 9 Id.We agree with the district court’s conclusions. In light of the “ample”
evidence against him, Mr. Petzold has not demonstrated a reasonable probability
that he would have insisted on going to trial but for counsel’s alleged errors.
CONCLUSION
After reviewing the record on appeal, we find no clear error in the district
court’s factual findings and agree with the district court’s legal conclusions. We
therefore AFFIRM the district court’s denial of Mr. Petzold’s § 2254 petition.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Jerome A. Holmes
Circuit Judge
8
Counsel evidently did at least some investigation into the collusion
theory because she raised this theory in a letter to the district court before
sentencing.
9
Evidence disproving Mr. Petzold’s theory that Mr. Aguilera colluded
in the robbery included: Mr. Petzold’s testimony that he realized the robbery had
not been “set up from the inside”; the fact that Mr. Aguilera did not maintain
insurance on many of the stolen items; the fact that part of the coin collection that
was recovered had been damaged; and statements during the robbery by another
participant that he was supposed to kill Mr. Aguilera.
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