Olson v. AT&T Corporation

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
July 13, 2011
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSElisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
PAMELA OLSON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 11-3028
AT&T CORP.; RYLIE EQUIPMENT (D.C. No. 2:08-CV-02126-GLR)
AND CONTRACTING CO.; ALLEN (D. Kan.)
HARMON; CHRIS CARROLL;
BERNARD VAN DE VELDE;
VERONICA GAIGNAT ESTATE; CITY
OF LENEXA, KANSAS,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, MURPHY, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is, therefore,
submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Plaintiff/appellant Pamela Olson appeals the district court’s disposition of her
claims against defendants AT&T Corporation (AT&T), Rylie Equipment and Contracting
Co. (Rylie), Allen Harmon, Chris Carroll, Bernard Van de Velde, the Estate of Victoria
Gaignat (the Estate), and the City of Lenexa, Kansas (the City). Olson also appeals the
district court’s order referring the case to a magistrate judge and alleges that the
magistrate judge was biased against her. In her complaint, Olson alleged that the
defendants deprived her of property without just compensation in violation of the Fifth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and that AT&T trespassed upon her
property in violation of Kansas law. The district court ruled on all of Olson’s federal
claims, dismissing her takings claims for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Olson and
AT&T then consented to proceed before a magistrate judge, and the magistrate judge
granted summary judgment in AT&T’s favor on Olson’s state law trespass claim.
Exercising jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 636, we affirm.
I
Olson filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of
Kansas, alleging that:
A.T. and T did enter plaintiffs property without the legal right and bored
underground lines making the property worthless to ever being built on.
The City of Lenexa Ks told them they could do so without compensation.
Veronica Gaitney and her brother gave permission illegally when they did
not own the property in question and took monies illegally for same
damages. Rylie Equipment took monies illegally for same damages. Rylie
Equipment and Contracting did the damage and refused to move machinery
- took property as if it was there own and bored numerous holes for lines
2
ROA, Vol. 1 at 29 (punctuation and spelling as in original). Olson sought $1,000,000 in
actual damages and $4,000,000 in punitive damages. Id. at 30. With respect to
administrative procedures, Olson alleged that she “talked to legal department of City of
Lenexa and was told they could do with my land what the[y] wanted to.” Id.The district court construed Olson’s complaint as an attempt to bring claims
against all defendants for deprivation of property without just compensation in violation
of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and a claim for trespass against
AT&T under Kansas law. Olson did not object to the district court’s construction of her
claims or contend that she intended to bring state law claims against any defendant other
than AT&T.
All defendants filed motions to dismiss. The district court dismissed Olson’s
takings claims for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. After the takings claims were
dismissed, the parties agreed to proceed before a magistrate judge pursuant to Fed. R.
Civ. P. 73(a), and the district court referred all further proceedings to Magistrate Judge
Rushfelt. AT&T then filed a motion for summary judgment on Olson’s state law claim,
contending that it did not own the facilities on the property at issue in this matter.
Magistrate Judge Rushfelt granted AT&T’s motion.
II
This court reviews de novo the district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss for lack
of subject matter jurisdiction and a motion for summary judgment, applying the same
standards as the district court. Butler v. Kempthorne, 532 F.3d 1108, 1110 (10th Cir.
3
2008) (Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1)); Gwinn v. Awmiller, 354 F.3d 1211, 1215 (10th Cir.
2004) (Fed. R. Civ. P. 56). As Olson is a pro se litigant, we construe her pleadings
liberally. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (per curiam). However, it is
not the proper function of the district court or this court to assume the role of advocate for
a pro se litigant. Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991).
III
A. Olson’s appeal and defendants’ motion to strike
AT&T, Carroll, Rylie, and Harmon moved to strike Olson’s opening brief on
appeal, arguing that Olson failed to identify the district court rulings from which she
appeals and failed to cite any law in support of her contentions. While we agree with the
defendants that it is difficult to determine exactly which rulings Olson intends to appeal
from, we decline to strike Olson’s brief. Liberally construing Olson’s brief, we determine
that Olson intends to appeal from the disposition of her claims and from the district
court’s order assigning the adjudication of Olson’s trespass claim (the only claim
remaining at that time) to a magistrate judge.1 To the extent that Olson intends to appeal
any other adverse rulings — such as the denials of her various motions for sanctions,
default and summary judgment, reconsideration, and the recusal of the district judge —
any such appeals plainly lack merit. We have reviewed the entire record in this case and
conclude that the district court’s rulings on matters not specifically discussed in this order
1
In her brief, Olson also moves for entry of default against the City because the
City’s attorney entered an appearance fifteen days after the appeal was docketed, rather
than within fourteen days as required by 10th Cir. R. 46.1. Olson’s motion is denied.
4
and judgment are thorough, well-reasoned, and substantially correct.
B. Takings claims
The district court dismissed Olson’s takings claims for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction because Olson failed to allege that she initiated an inverse condemnation
proceeding prior to bringing her claims. We affirm on this basis.
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits state actors from
taking private property for public use without just compensation.2 U.S. Const. amend. V.
As the Supreme Court has explained:
The Fifth Amendment does not proscribe the taking of property; it
proscribes taking without just compensation. Nor does the Fifth
Amendment require that just compensation be paid in advance of, or
contemporaneously with, the taking; all that is required is that a reasonable,
certain and adequate provision for obtaining compensation exist at the time
of the taking.
Williamson Cnty. Reg’l Planning Comm’n v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson Cnty., 473 U.S.
172, 194 (1985) (internal citations and quotation omitted). Accordingly, “if a State
provides an adequate procedure for seeking just compensation, the property owner cannot
claim a violation of the Just Compensation Clause until [the property owner] has used the
procedure and been denied just compensation.” Id. at 195. One such procedure is an
inverse condemnation action, in which a property owner brings a claim for compensation
against the government entity that has taken the owner’s property. If such a procedure is
available, a plaintiff’s Fifth Amendment takings claim is not ripe until she has invoked
2
The Fifth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. City of Chicago, 166 U.S. 226, 241 (1897).
5
that procedure and been denied just compensation. Miller v. Campbell Cnty., 945 F.2d
348, 352 (10th Cir. 1991). The federal courts lack jurisdiction over claims that are not
ripe because such claims do not present justiciable cases or controversies. See Alto
Eldorado Psh’p v. Cnty. of Santa Fe, 634 F.3d 1170, 1173 (10th Cir. 2011); New
Mexicans for Bill Richardson v. Gonzales, 64 F.3d 1495, 1498-99 (10th Cir. 1995).
The district court properly concluded that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over
Olson’s takings claims. A Kansas property owner may bring an inverse condemnation
action to recover compensation for property that the government has taken. See Estate of
Kirkpatrick v. City of Olathe, 215 P.3d 561, 559 (Kan. 2009). Thus, under Williamson,
Olson was required to bring an inverse condemnation action prior to asserting a Fifth
Amendment takings claim in federal court. Further, because the party invoking federal
jurisdiction bears the burden of alleging facts sufficient to establish federal jurisdiction,
Butler, 532 F.3d at 1110, Olson was required to allege that she brought such an action in
order to establish that her claim was ripe. However, Olson has never asserted, in a
complaint or elsewhere, that she brought an inverse condemnation action. Olson’s
allegation that she informally spoke with the City legal department is insufficient to
establish that her takings claim is ripe.
C. Trespass claim against AT&T
The magistrate judge granted summary judgment in AT&T’s favor on Olson’s
trespass claim because Olson failed to offer any evidence to counter AT&T’s showing
that it does not own the lines at issue in this case.
6
In order to establish a claim for trespass, a plaintiff must show, among other
things, that the defendant intentionally entered upon her land. See United Proteins, Inc. v.
Farmland Indus., Inc., 915 P.2d 80, 83 (Kan. 1996). Olson alleged that AT&T entered
upon her land when it bored underground lines on her property. However, in support of
its motion for summary judgment, AT&T presented evidence that Southwestern Bell
Telephone Company, not AT&T, owns the lines at issue in this case. In fact, prior to
moving for summary judgment, AT&T had informed Olson that she named the wrong
entity as a defendant. See ROA, Vol. 1 at 209 (letter from AT&T to Olson informing her
that “AT&T Corp. is not the owner of the facilities at issue” and that the correct entity
was “Southwestern Bell Telephone Company d/b/a AT&T Kansas”) (attached to Olson’s
motion for sanctions against AT&T’s counsel).
Summary judgment is appropriate if “there is no genuine dispute as to any material
fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
AT&T presented evidence that it did not enter Olson’s property. Olson’s unsupported
assertion that AT&T does own the lines on her property does not create a genuine issue of
fact. L&M Enters., Inc. v. BEI Sensors & Sys. Co., 231 F.3d 1284, 1287 (10th Cir.
2000). It is undisputed that AT&T did not bore lines on Olson’s property and AT&T is,
therefore, entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
D. Proceedings before magistrate judge
In her brief on appeal, Olson alleges: “I had to sign paper allowing lower Judge to
make all rulings. Judge [Rushfelt] and [two attorneys] is too close to have been able to
7
get a fair trial.” Aplt. Br. at 2. We decline to address either the validity of Olson’s
consent to proceed before a magistrate judge or the magistrate judge’s impartiality
because Olson did not raise these issues before the district court.3 See Tele-Commc’ns,
Inc. v. Comm’r, 104 F.3d 1229, 1233 (10th Cir. 1997) (explaining that this court does not
ordinarily decide issues that were not presented to the trial court).
IV
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. Defendants’ motions to strike
Olson’s opening brief, and Olson’s motion for default judgment against the City of
Lenexa are DENIED.
Entered for the Court
Mary Beck Briscoe
Chief Judge
3
We note that Olson filed a motion requesting the district judge to recuse himself,
but filed no such motion regarding the magistrate judge.
8