United States v. Mumford

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
July 20, 2010
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 10-6065
(D.C. No. 5:09-CR-00114-M-1)
KEVIN LAWRENCE MUMFORD, (W.D. Okla.)
a/k/a Playboy,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before TACHA, EBEL, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
This matter is before the court on the government’s motion to enforce the
appeal waiver contained in defendant Keven Lawrence Mumford’s plea
agreement. The defendant pleaded guilty to distribution of cocaine base and
cocaine powder in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a). The district court sentenced
defendant to a total of 164 months’ imprisonment. This sentence was below the
*
This panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not
materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2);
10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral
argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and
10th Cir. R. 32.1.
statutory maximum of forty years’ imprisonment and two years less than the
advisory guideline range determined by the district court, because of a downward
variance granted by the court based on the defendant’s cooperation. In his plea
agreement, the defendant “knowingly and voluntarily waive[d] his right to . . .
[a]ppeal or collaterally challenge his guilty plea, sentence, and restitution
imposed, and any other aspect of his conviction” or “his sentence as imposed by
the Court and the manner in which the sentence is determined, provided the
sentence is within or below the guideline range determined by the Court to apply
to [his] case.” Mot. to Enforce, Attachment 1 (Plea Agreement) at 5-6.
Nevertheless, the defendant filed a notice of appeal, seeking to challenge his
sentence. The government has moved to enforce the appeal waiver under United
States v. Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315 (10th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (per curiam). We grant
the government’s motion and dismiss the appeal.
In Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325, this court held that “in reviewing appeals
brought after a defendant has entered into an appeal waiver,” this court will
determine “(1) whether the disputed appeal falls within the scope of the waiver of
appellate rights; (2) whether the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his
appellate rights; and (3) whether enforcing the waiver would result in a
miscarriage of justice.” A miscarriage of justice will result if (1) “the district
court relied on an impermissible factor such as race”; (2) “ineffective assistance
of counsel in connection with the negotiation of the waiver renders the waiver
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invalid”; (3) “the sentence exceeds the statutory maximum”; or (4) “the waiver is
otherwise unlawful.” Id. at 1327 (quotations omitted).
Defendant seeks to raise two claims on appeal: (1) that the penalty
provisions of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(b) or (c) should have been applied at sentencing,
rather than § 841(a); and (2) that he received ineffective assistance of counsel in
connection with the inducement and negotiation of the guilty plea. The defendant
states generally that “the plain language of the plea agreement waiver does not
cover the issues [he] seeks to raise.” Response Br. at 5. But quite clearly, his
appeal waiver does prohibit an appeal from his sentence, and defendant does not
provide any argument to the contrary. The sentence imposed was below the
advisory guideline range determined by the court and, therefore, defendant’s
proposed sentencing claim is within the scope of the appeal waiver.
Defendant argues that his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim is outside
the scope of the appeal waiver because it does not include a waiver of that claim.
An ineffective assistance of counsel claim must ordinarily be raised in a collateral
28 U.S.C. § 2255 proceeding. See United States v. Porter, 405 F.3d 1136, 1144
(10th Cir. 2005) (holding that this rule applies even where a defendant seeks to
invalidate an appellate waiver based on ineffective assistance of counsel).
Indeed, the defendant acknowledges that, because his claim will depend on extra-
record investigation, this claim is not properly brought on direct appeal.
Although his appeal waiver does not expressly address ineffective assistance of
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counsel claims, we have held that “a plea agreement waiver of postconviction
rights does not waive the right to bring a § 2255 petition based on ineffective
assistance of counsel claims challenging the validity of the plea or the waiver.”
United States v. Cockerham, 237 F.3d 1179, 1187 (10th Cir. 2001). Thus,
defendant is not prohibited by the appeal waiver from raising this claim in a
§ 2255 motion.
The defendant does not argue that he did not knowingly and voluntarily
waive his appellate rights or that enforcing the waiver would result in a
miscarriage of justice. See Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325. Accordingly, the
government’s motion is GRANTED, and the appeal is DISMISSED, without
prejudice to the defendant’s right to raise an ineffective assistance of counsel
claim in a collateral proceeding.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
PER CURIAM
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