United States v. Smith

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT February 8, 2013
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. Nos. 12-1075, 12-1244 & 12-1270
(D.C. No. 1:91-CR-00188-LTB-4)
ANTHONY WALTER SMITH, (D. Colo.)
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
Before ANDERSON and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior Circuit
Judge.
Pro se inmate Anthony Walter Smith appeals from the district court’s denial of
his 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) sentence-reduction motion, his motion for reconsideration,
and his petitions to vacate the denial of reconsideration. Exercising jurisdiction
under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we dismiss appeal No. 12-1244 as moot, and we affirm in
Nos. 12-1075 and 12-1270.
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
BACKGROUND
In 1992, Smith was convicted on twenty-eight counts arising from a criminal
enterprise distributing crack cocaine. In sentencing Smith to life imprisonment, the
district court attributed 5.6 kilograms of crack cocaine to Smith and calculated an
offense level of 43 with a category-II criminal history.
In November 2011, Smith filed a pro se § 3582(c)(2) petition, apparently
attempting to take advantage of Amendments 750 and 759 to the United States
Sentencing Guidelines. Those amendments retroactively “altered the drug-quantity
tables in the Guidelines, increasing the required quantity to be subject to each base
offense level in a manner proportionate to the statutory change to the mandatory
minimums [in] the [Fair Sentencing Act of 2010].” United States v. Osborn,
679 F.3d 1193, 1194 (10th Cir. 2012) (quotations omitted).
The probation department reported that although 5.6 kilograms of crack
cocaine now resulted in an offense level of only 36, Smith was still subject to a
2-level enhancement for obstruction of justice, a 2-level enhancement for firearm
possession, and 4 more levels for a continuing-criminal-enterprise conviction. The
resulting offense level of 44 was then reduced to 43, which is the highest permissible
offense level in the sentencing table. Consequently, Smith’s guideline range
remained life imprisonment.
On February 9, 2012, the district court denied Smith’s § 3582(c)(2) motion,
noting that his guideline range remained the same. On February 20, Smith invoked
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the “prison mailbox rule” and filed a motion for reconsideration. See Price v.
Philpot, 420 F.3d 1158, 1165 (10th Cir. 2005) (providing that “an inmate who places
a [pleading] in the prison’s internal mail system will be treated as having ‘filed’ that
[pleading] on the date it is given to prison authorities for mailing to the court”). On
March 1, Smith appealed from the denial of § 3582(c)(2) relief. This court docketed
the appeal under No. 12-1075. The government moved to dismiss, arguing that the
appeal was untimely.
On April 26, the district court summarily denied Smith’s motion for
reconsideration. In response, Smith filed a “Petition to Vacate” the denial of
reconsideration, stating that he did not receive the government’s response to his
motion for reconsideration, and thus, was unable to file a reply. Supp. R., Vol. I at 4.
On May 8, Smith filed an amended notice of appeal. That appeal was incorporated
into No. 12-1075.
On May 14, the district court denied the petition to vacate, stating that the
government’s response had been mailed to Smith. The government subsequently
admitted, however, that it had mailed its response to Smith’s former attorney, and
that it had no objection to allowing Smith to file a reply. Smith appealed the denial
of his petition. That appeal was also incorporated into No. 12-1075.
On June 1, Smith filed a “Renewed Petition to Vacate” the district court’s
April 26 order, which had denied Smith’s motion for reconsideration of § 3582(c)(2)
relief. Id., Vol. V at 4. Smith repeated that he was unable to file a reply in support
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of reconsideration. The district court summarily denied the renewed petition, and
Smith appealed. That appeal was docketed as No. 12-1270.
DISCUSSION
I. Appellate Jurisdiction
The government contends that this court lacks jurisdiction in 12-1075 to
review the district court’s order denying § 3582(c)(2) relief. It points out that
Smith’s March 1, 2012 notice of appeal was filed more than fourteen days after the
February 9 order denying relief. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A)(i) (requiring in
criminal cases that the notice of appeal be filed within fourteen days after entry of the
challenged order). And the notice was not accompanied by a declaration or notarized
statement invoking the prison mailbox rule. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(c)(1) (“If an
inmate confined in an institution files a notice of appeal in either a civil or a criminal
case, the notice is timely if it is deposited in the institution’s internal mail system on
or before the last day for filing.”).
But Smith tolled the time for appealing by seeking reconsideration within
fourteen days of the order’s entry. See United States v. Randall, 666 F.3d 1238, 1243
(10th Cir. 2011) (holding that a motion for reconsideration in a criminal case must be
filed within the fourteen-day period prescribed for filing a notice of appeal); United
States v. Jackson, 950 F.2d 633, 636 (10th Cir. 1991) (observing that a motion to
reconsider filed in a criminal case tolls the time for appealing). The government
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mistakenly suggests that the tolling effect of a reconsideration motion depends upon
the merits of that motion. See United States v. Ibarra, 502 U.S. 1, 6-7 (1991).
After reconsideration was denied, Smith timely filed an amended notice of
appeal, designating, it appears, both the original denial of § 3582(c)(2) relief and the
denial of reconsideration. See Smith v. Barry, 502 U.S. 244, 248 (1992) (directing
that courts “liberally construe the requirements of [Fed. R. App. P. 3],” which include
designating the judgment or order being appealed); United States v. Dieter, 429 U.S.
6, 8–9 (1976) (indicating that the time to appeal begins to run anew following
disposition of a reconsideration motion).
Thus, we have jurisdiction to review the denial of § 3582(c)(2) relief in appeal
No. 12-1075.1
II. 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2)
“We review both the denial of a § 3582(c)(2) motion and the denial of a
motion for reconsideration for abuse of discretion.” Randall, 666 F.3d at 1243 n.6.
Section 3582(c)(2) provides that “in the case of a defendant who has been sentenced
to a term of imprisonment based on a sentencing range that has subsequently been
lowered by the Sentencing Commission[,] . . . the court may reduce the term of
imprisonment, after considering the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent
1
Related appeal No. 12-1244 involves the district court’s denial of a motion
Smith filed in an attempt to prove that his first notice of appeal was timely. Because
we conclude that Smith’s amended notice of appeal timely perfected an appeal, we
will dismiss No. 12-1244 as moot.
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they are applicable, if such a reduction is consistent with applicable policy statements
issued by the Sentencing Commission.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) (emphasis added).
“The Sentencing Commission’s policy statement at Guideline § 1B1.10(a)(2)(B)
states that a reduction is not consistent with this policy statement and therefore is not
authorized under 18 U.S.C. 3582(c)(2) if the reduction does not have the effect of
lowering the defendant’s applicable guideline range.” United States v. Sharkey,
543 F.3d 1236, 1239 (10th Cir. 2008) (quotations omitted).
Here, Smith’s guideline range was unaffected by the crack-cocaine
amendments. Smith does not refute this point. Instead, he argues that the district
court did not consider his “individualized and case specific circumstance.” Aplt.
Opening Br. at 13. And he appears to claim that resentencing is warranted due to an
invalid continuing-criminal-enterprise conviction and an inapplicable
firearm-possession enhancement. But § 3582(c)(2) “authorize[s] only a limited
adjustment to an otherwise final sentence and not a plenary resentencing
proceeding.” Dillon v. United States, 130 S. Ct. 2683, 2691 (2010). Indeed, “[t]he
relevant policy statement instructs that a court proceeding under § 3582(c)(2) ‘shall
substitute’ the amended Guidelines range for the initial range ‘and shall leave all
other guideline application decisions unaffected.’” Id. at 2694 (quoting U.S.S.G.
§ 1B1.10(b)(1)). Because Smith seeks to correct aspects of his sentence that were not
affected by the crack-cocaine amendments, “they are outside the scope of the
proceeding authorized by § 3582(c)(2).” Id.
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Finally, Smith’s reliance on United States v. Miller, No. 4:89-CR-120 (JMR),
2010 WL 3119768 (D. Minn. Aug. 6, 2010), is misplaced. There, on a § 3582(c)(2)
motion, the district court rejected the defendant’s statutory life-imprisonment
sentence as a career offender to utilize a more favorable revised guideline sentence.
We fail to see Miller’s relevance to Smith’s sentence, as the district court here
calculated Smith’s revised guideline range based on the crack-cocaine amendments.
But that calculation again yielded a life sentence.
Because the reduction to Smith’s offense level created by the crack-cocaine
amendments did not lower Smith’s applicable guideline range, we conclude that the
district court properly denied Smith’s motions for a § 3582(c)(2) sentence reduction
and for reconsideration.
III. Petitions to Vacate
Smith challenges the district court’s denial of his petition and renewed petition
to vacate the order denying reconsideration. He complains that he was not permitted
to file a reply in support of reconsideration. But he has not identified any meritorious
legal argument that could have been included in a reply brief. Thus, any error in
being denied the opportunity to reply to the government’s response was harmless.
See United States v. Montgomery, 439 F.3d 1260, 1263 (10th Cir. 2006) (“Harmless
error is that which did not affect the district court’s selection of the sentence
imposed.” (quotations omitted)).
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Moreover, the renewed petition to vacate the denial of reconsideration was not
timely filed. The renewed petition was essentially nothing more than a motion for
reconsideration of the district court’s May 14 order denying the first petition to
vacate. But Smith did not file the renewed petition within fourteen days of May 14.
See Randall, 666 F.3d at 1243 (holding that a motion for reconsideration in a
criminal case must be filed within the fourteen-day period prescribed for filing a
notice of appeal).
CONCLUSION
We affirm in appeal Nos. 12-1075 and 12-1270. We dismiss appeal
No. 12-1244 as moot. We deny the government’s motion to dismiss, and we deny
Smith’s motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.
Entered for the Court
Bobby R. Baldock
Circuit Judge
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