DeWild v. Raemisch

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT October 12, 2018
_________________________________
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
DANIEL DEWILD,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 18-1287
(D.C. No. 1:17-CV-02829-LTB)
RICK RAEMISCH, Colorado Department (D. Colo.)
of Corrections; THE ATTORNEY
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
COLORADO,
Respondents - Appellees.
_________________________________
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
_________________________________
Before BRISCOE, HOLMES, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________
Daniel DeWild, a Colorado state prisoner appearing pro se, seeks a certificate
of appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s dismissal of his 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254 application for a writ of habeas corpus as untimely filed. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 2253(c)(1)(A) (requiring a COA to appeal “the final order in a habeas corpus
proceeding in which the detention complained of arises out of process issued by a
*
This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the
case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
State court”). He also seeks leave to proceed in forma pauperis. Exercising
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we deny both requests and dismiss this matter.1
I. BACKGROUND
Mr. DeWild was tried for first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit first-
degree murder. ROA at 103. He requested a jury instruction on the lesser non-included
offense of accessory to first-degree murder. The jury convicted him on the conspiracy
and accessory offenses and deadlocked on first-degree murder. Id. at 104. The trial court
declared a mistrial on that charge and ordered a retrial. Id. Before the retrial date, Mr.
DeWild pled guilty to second-degree murder and waived his right to challenge the
conspiracy conviction. Id. at 168. He was sentenced to 74 years in prison. Id. at 90. Mr.
DeWild did not attempt to file a direct appeal, but he sought post-conviction relief under
Colo. R. Crim. P. 35(a) & (c), which the state district court denied. Id. at 89. The
Colorado Court of Appeals affirmed, id. at 166-79, and the Colorado Supreme Court
denied certiorari, id. at 88.
On November 24, 2017, Mr. DeWild filed his application for federal habeas relief
under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Id. at 4. The federal district court dismissed his application as
time-barred under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) because his convictions became final on April 18,
2013, and the one-year statute of limitations under § 2244(d)(1) had expired in April
2014. Id. at 237-38. The court also relied on three additional points.
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Because Mr. DeWild is pro se, we liberally construe his filings but do not act
as his advocate. Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008).
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First, the district court said that Mr. DeWild was not entitled to statutory tolling
under § 2244(d)(2) for the time his state post-conviction motion was pending because he
filed it after the one-year period to file his federal habeas petition had already run. Id. at
237-38; see Clark v. Okla., 468 F.3d 711, 714 (10th Cir. 2006) (“Only state petitions for
post-conviction relief filed within the one year allowed by AEDPA will toll the statute of
limitations.”).
Second, the district court rejected Mr. DeWild’s argument that he should benefit
from § 2244(d)(1)(D), which triggers the limitation period from the date “on which the
factual predicate of the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the
exercise of due diligence.” Mr. DeWild argued that he discovered the basis for his claims
when he received copies of the jury instructions and verdict forms from his trial on
March 25, 2015, shortly before he filed his state post-conviction motion. The district
court pointed out, however, that Mr. DeWild was aware of the jury instructions and
verdicts when his trial concluded on November 19, 2012. ROA at 103, 238.
Third, the district court rejected Mr. DeWild’s argument that the one-year
limitations period should be equitably tolled based on actual innocence because he did
not present evidence to support this claim and instead presented legal, not factual,
challenges to his convictions. Id. at 239-41.
II. DISCUSSION
We must grant a COA to consider Mr. DeWild’s appeal from the district
court’s denial of his § 2254 application. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A); see Miller–El
v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 335-36 (2003). Where, as here, the district court
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dismissed the application on procedural grounds, we will grant a COA only if the
applicant can demonstrate both “that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether
the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists
of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its
procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). We start and end
our discussion with the second ground concerning the district court’s procedural
ruling. See id. at 485 (We may “resolve the issue whose answer is more apparent
from the record and arguments.”).
In his brief to this court, Mr. DeWild does not contest that he filed his § 2254
application beyond the statutory time limit in § 2244(d). He does not mention actual
innocence or equitable tolling. He makes two arguments about whether the district
court erred in holding that his request for federal habeas relief is time-barred.
First, Mr. DeWild argues that the § 2244(d) time bar should not apply because
he previously presented his claims to “every level” of the Colorado state courts.
Aplt. Br. at 2-5, 11-13. But assuming that is so, exhaustion of his claims in the state
courts, which 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A) requires him to do to obtain federal habeas
relief, does not excuse him from filing a timely § 2254 application in federal court.
Nothing in § 2244(d), which prescribes the one-year deadline, suggests otherwise.
Second, Mr. DeWild contends the one-year time limit should not apply
because the state courts did not address his due process claim on the merits. Aplt. Br.
at 8-11. But again, assuming that is so, this means the federal district court would
need to consider the claim using a de novo standard of review rather than the highly
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deferential standard of review set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2). See Cole
v. Trammell, 755 F.3d 1142, 1148 (10th Cir. 2014) (“If a claim was not resolved by
the state courts on the merits and is not otherwise procedurally barred, . . . § 2254(d)
. . . do[es] not apply . . . , [and] we review the [federal] district court’s legal
conclusions de novo and its factual findings, if any, for clear error.”). This
consequence, however, does not mean the district court should ignore that his § 2254
application was untimely under § 2244(d).
Mr. DeWild devotes the rest of his brief to addressing the merits of his due
process, ineffective assistance of counsel, falsely-induced guilty plea, and
unauthorized sentence claims. The district court did not address them because his
§ 2254 application was untimely. Reasonable jurists would not debate the district
court’s dismissal order.
III. CONCLUSION
We deny a COA, deny the in forma pauperis motion, and dismiss this matter.
Entered for the Court
Scott M. Matheson, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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