United States v. Jose Macedo-Ramirez

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ JANUARY 26, 2009
THOMAS K. KAHN
No. 08-14213 CLERK
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 07-00041-CR-WCO-2
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
JOSE MACEDO-RAMIREZ,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
_________________________
(January 26, 2009)
Before TJOFLAT, BIRCH and HULL, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
On March 31, 2008, the district court accepted appellant’s plea of not guilty
to a violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(1), illegal reentry of a removed alien, and on
July 10, 2008, the court sentenced appellant to prison for a term of eleven months
and fined him the sum of $2,000. He now appeals his sentence, challenging only
the fine.
The presentence investigation report (“PSI”) concluded that, based on
appellant’s financial condition, the specifics of which it discussed, it did not appear
that appellant would be able to pay a fine within the applicable range of the
Sentencing Guidelines, which was $2,000 to $20,000. At sentencing, however, the
district court imposed a fine of $2,000, ordering Macedo to make payments from
any wages that he might earn in prison “in accordance with the Bureau of Prisons’
[“BOP”] financial program,” and stating that the payment of any remaining portion
of the fine upon his release from imprisonment would become a condition of
supervision to be paid at a monthly rate of $100.
Appellant contends that the district court erred by failing to consider his lack
of income, his earning capacity, which was non-existent in the United States and
would be “greatly diminished” upon his deportation to Mexico, the fact that he had
no assets other than a house in foreclosure and a car needed for his family’s
transportation, and the burden the fine and monthly installments would impose on
his six dependents, his wife and five children between the ages of two and eleven.
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He contends that the district court erred in finding that he, as an alien criminal,
could participate in the BOP’s fiscal responsibility program. He asserts that he met
his burden of demonstrating the inability to pay a fine, and, as he argued in the
district court, he could not work in the prison industry, and that providing for six
dependents in Mexico “would be all he could handle financially.”
We review a district court’s decision that the defendant is able to pay a fine
for clear error. United States v. Gonzalez, 541 F.3d 1250, 1255 (11th Cir. 2008).
The defendant bears the burden of proving inability to pay. Id. In determining
whether to impose a fine, the district court considers, in relevant part, and in
addition to the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) sentencing factors, “the defendant’s income,
earning capacity, and financial resources; . . . the burden that the fine will impose
upon the defendant, any person who is financially dependent on the defendant, or
any other person (including a government) that would be responsible for the
welfare of any person financially dependent on the defendant, relative to the
burden that alternative punishments would impose.” 18 U.S.C. § 3572(a).
The Guidelines require the district court to “impose a fine in all cases, except
where the defendant establishes that he is unable to pay and is not likely to become
able to pay any fine.” U.S.S.G. § 5E1.2(a). If the court concludes that a fine is
appropriate, it should consider, inter alia, the following in determining the amount
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of the fine:
(1) the need for the combined sentence to reflect the seriousness of the
offense (including the harm or loss to the victim and the gain to the
defendant), to promote respect for the law, to provide just punishment
and to afford adequate deterrence;
(2) any evidence presented as to the defendant’s ability to pay the fine
(including the ability to pay over a period of time) in light of his
earning capacity and financial resources;
(3) the burden that the fine places on the defendant and his dependents
relative to alternative punishments; [and]
...
(8) any other pertinent equitable considerations.
The amount of the fine should always be sufficient to ensure that the
fine, taken together with other sanctions imposed, is punitive.
U.S.S.G. § 5E1.2(d). The court may impose a lesser fine or waive a fine if the
defendant establishes “that (1) he is not able and, even with the use of a reasonable
schedule, is not likely to become able to pay all or part of the fine required by
[application of § 5E1.2], or (2) imposition of a fine would unduly burden the
defendant’s dependents.” Id. § 5E1.2(e).
We do “not require the sentencing court to make specific findings of fact
with respect to the Sentencing Guideline factors as long as the record reflects the
district court’s consideration of the pertinent factors prior to imposing the fine.”
Gonzalez, 541 F.3d at 1256 (quotation omitted). “If the record does not reflect the
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district court’s reasoned basis for imposing a fine, we must remand the case so that
the necessary factual findings can be made.” Id. (quotation omitted). In Gonzalez,
we vacated the court’s judgment and remanded the case for resentencing, where the
PSI provided detailed financial analysis of the defendant’s assets and concluded
that the defendant lacked the ability to pay a fine in addition to mandatory
restitution, the court gave no explanation for an above-guideline fine that it
imposed, and the defendant objected to the fine. Id.Here, because the district court’s bases for finding appellant able to pay a
fine and for setting the fine rate were unclear, inconsistent, and inadequate, we
vacate his sentence and remand for resentencing.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
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