United States v. Eric Cunningham

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 08-11275 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
APRIL 13, 2009
Non-Argument Calendar
THOMAS K. KAHN
________________________ CLERK
D. C. Docket No. 07-20572-CR-JLK
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ERIC CUNNINGHAM,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
_________________________
(April 13, 2009)
Before DUBINA, MARCUS and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Appellant Eric Cunningham appeals his 63-month sentence for attempt to
possess with intent to distribute 500 grams or more of cocaine, in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 846.
On appeal, Cunningham argues that the district court erred in denying his
request for a safety-valve reduction because he met all the criteria set forth in
U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, including providing a truthful and complete statement about the
offense. Additionally, he argues that the district court erred in refusing to reduce
his base offense level for acceptance of responsibility, pursuant to U.S.S.G.
§ 3E1.1(a), because he pled guilty and gave statements about the drug transaction.
I.
When reviewing the denial of safety-valve relief, we review the district
court’s factual findings for clear error and its application of the sentencing
guidelines to those facts de novo. United States v. Johnson, 375 F.3d 1300, 1301
(11th Cir. 2004). “Credibility determinations are typically the province of the fact
finder because the fact finder personally observes the testimony and is thus in a
better position than a reviewing court to assess the credibility of witnesses.”
United States v. Ramirez-Chilel, 289 F.3d 744, 749 (11th Cir. 2002).
The safety-valve provision of U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2 implements 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(f) and allows a court to sentence a defendant without regard to the statutory
mandatory minimum sentence if the defendant meets five criteria. United States v.
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Brownlee, 204 F.3d 1302, 1304 (11th Cir. 2000). To be eligible for a safety-valve
reduction, the defendant must show that: (1) he does not have more than one
criminal history point; (2) he did not use violence or threats of violence or possess
a firearm in connection with offense; (3) “the offense did not result in death or
serious bodily injury;” (4) he was not an organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor
of the offense as determined under the sentencing guidelines and “was not engaged
in a continuing criminal enterprise;” and (5) not later than the time of the
sentencing hearing, he “truthfully provided to the [g]overnment all information and
evidence [he had] concerning the offense or offenses that were part of the same
course of conduct or of a common scheme or plan.” U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(a)(1)-(5).
Of the five criteria, the only issue on appeal is whether the Cunningham
satisfied the fifth safety-valve requirement by truthfully providing the government
with all information and evidence concerning the offense that was part of the same
course of conduct. U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(a)(5); 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f)(5). The burden is
on the defendant to show that he has met all of the safety-valve factors. United
States v. Cruz, 106 F.3d 1553, 1557 (11th Cir. 1997). “[T]he defendant has an
affirmative responsibility to truthfully disclose to the government all information
and evidence that he has about the offense and all relevant conduct.” Johnson, 375
F.3d at 1302 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Moreover, a
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defendant cannot qualify for safety-valve relief “merely by expressing a
willingness to provide information,” and there is no initial burden on the
government to solicit information from the defendant. United States v. Milkintas,
470 F.3d 1339, 1346 (11th Cir. 2006) (citation omitted).
Lies and omissions do not necessarily disqualify a defendant from relief as
long as the defendant later makes a truthful and complete proffer prior to the
sentencing hearing. Brownlee, 204 F.3d at 1305. A district court cannot apply
safety-valve relief if it determines that the defendant withheld or misrepresented
information, even if the information would not have aided further investigation or
prosecution if properly disclosed. United States v. Figueroa, 199 F.3d 1281, 1282-
83 (11th Cir. 2000). In determining the honesty of a defendant, the district court
must independently assess the facts and may not rely on the government’s
assertion of dishonesty. United States v. Espinosa, 172 F.3d 795, 797 (11th Cir.
1999).
The record here shows that Cunningham failed to provide a full and truthful
proffer of all the information and evidence he had concerning the offense. In
letters to the district court, Cunningham stated that this was a one-time drug
transaction “totally inconsistent with [his] background and values” and “totally
inconsistent with the way [he had] lived [his] entire life.” Law enforcement
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officers, however, testified that, while they were undercover, Cunningham told
them he previously had been involved in the drug business and wanted to establish
a relationship with the officers to make future drug transactions. Additionally,
Cunningham stated that he intended to purchase a quantity of cocaine for $8,000,
but he did not disclose that this was only partial payment for one kilogram of
cocaine.
II.
We review a district court’s interpretation of the sentencing guidelines de
novo and its factual findings for clear error. United States v.Masferrer, 514 F.3d
1158, 1164 (11th Cir. 2008), cert. denied, 129 S. Ct. 996 (2009).
The Sentencing Guidelines provide for a two-level reduction when the
defendant clearly demonstrates acceptance of responsibility for his offense.
U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a). Although a guilty plea is significant evidence of acceptance
of responsibility, “this evidence may be outweighed by conduct of the defendant
that is inconsistent with such acceptance of responsibility.” United States v. Lewis,
115 F.3d 1531, 1537 (11th Cir. 1997) (quoting U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, comment. (n.3)).
“[A] defendant who falsely denies, or frivolously contests, relevant conduct that
the court determines to be true has acted in a manner inconsistent with acceptance
of responsibility” and may not receive an adjustment, even if he pleads guilty.
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U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, comment. (n.1(a)). “A defendant who enters a guilty plea is not
entitled to an adjustment . . . as a matter of right.” U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, comment. (n.
3)). The defendant bears the burden of proving his entitlement to the reduction,
and the reviewing court gives great deference to the sentencing judge. See Lewis,
115 F.3d at 1537; U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, comment. (n. 4)).
We conclude from the record that the district court did not clearly err in
refusing to give Cunningham a reduction for acceptance of responsibility because
he made false statements in letters to the district court that were inconsistent with
his acceptance of responsibility. Because the district court’s decision is entitled to
deference in granting such a reduction and Cunningham has failed to meet his
burden and to demonstrate how the district court erred, we affirm his 63-month
sentence.
AFFIRMED.
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