Catherine Morris Jones v. Michael W. Wynne

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
FEBRUARY 26, 2008
No. 07-13108 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 06-00096-CV-5-RS-EMT
CATHERINE MORRIS JONES,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
MICHAEL W. WYNNE,
Secretary of the Air Force,
Defendant-Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
_________________________
(February 26, 2008)
Before DUBINA, WILSON and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Catherine Jones, an employee of Tyndall Air Force Base, appeals the district
court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Michael Wynne, Secretary of the
Air Force (“Air Force”), on her pro se complaint seeking damages for breach of a
settlement agreement that resolved her Title VII agency complaint. On appeal,
Jones argues through counsel that her complaint was timely filed with respect to all
of her claims. She further contends that the district court erroneously concluded
that her supervisor could attest to the required removal of witness statements from
her personnel file.1 For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
I
We review the grant of summary judgment de novo. Hinson v. Clinch
County, Georgia Bd. of Educ., 231 F.3d 821, 826 (11th Cir. 2000). Summary
judgment is proper when “the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on
file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact
and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
56(c).
1
Jones also argues that she should be permitted to pursue a case based on breach of
paragraph 2(c) of the settlement agreement which required detailed job description. She stated
in her objections to the magistrate’s report and recommendation, however, that the Air Force
complied with paragraph 2(c). Therefore, she may not raise this issue on appeal. FDIC v. Verex
Assurance, Inc., 3 F.3d 391, 395 (11th Cir. 1993). Further, to the extent Jones attempted to raise
claims related to religious discrimination, hostile work environment, or invasion of privacy
before the district court, she did not argue on appeal that the district court erroneously construed
her complaint or disposed of these claims through entry of its final judgment in favor of the Air
Force. Accordingly, Jones waived any arguments related to these claims. Cont’l Technical
Servs., Inc. v. Rockwell Int’l Corp., 927 F.2d 1198, 1199 (11th Cir. 1991).
2
Before a federal employee may pursue a Title VII civil action, she must first
seek relief in the agency that has allegedly engaged in discrimination. 29 C.F.R.
§ 1614.407; Grier v. Sec’y of Army, 799 F.2d 721, 724 (11th Cir. 1986).
Regulations require the agency to make reasonable efforts to voluntarily settle the
complaint as early as possible. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.603. After a settlement
agreement is reached, an employee must notify the agency of alleged
noncompliance if she wishes to dispute an agency’s compliance with the
agreement. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.504. If the employee is not satisfied with the
agency’s resolution of her dispute, she may appeal to the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) for a determination as to whether the agency
has complied with the terms of the settlement agreement or decision. 29 C.F.R. §§
1614.401(e), 1614.504(b). The Office of Federal Operations of the EEOC is then
required to issue a written decision concerning the alleged breach. 29 C.F.R. §
1614.405 (a). Its decision is final, within the meaning of 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407,
unless reconsidered. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.405 (b).
An employee may file a civil action within 90 days of the receipt of the
EEOC’s final decision on an appeal or 180 days after filing an appeal with the
EEOC if there has been no final decision by the EEOC. 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.407(c),
(d). Similarly, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c) provides that a federal employee may file
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a civil action:
Within 90 days of receipt of notice of final action taken by . . . the
[EEOC] upon an appeal . . ., or after one hundred and eighty days
from the filing . . . with the [EEOC] on appeal from a decision or
order . . . until such time as final action may be taken by a department,
agency, or unit, an employee . . ., if aggrieved by the final disposition
of his complaint, or by the failure to take final action on his
complaint, may file a civil action . . . .
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c).
We have held that an EEOC decision gives notice of final action if it
provides “unambiguous notice that the EEOC has terminated its administrative
processing of the charge.” Gonzalez v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 610 F.2d
241, 245 (5th Cir. 1980).2 Additionally, we have stated that “[w]hen the aggrieved
party knows [the] EEOC has completed its efforts, the time for suit has come and
the statute fixes its season as 90 days.” Zambuto v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 544 F.2d
1333, 1335 (5th Cir. 1977).
We view filing within the 90 day period as a condition precedent subject to
equitable tolling or waiver, rather than as a jurisdictional bar. Fouche v. Jekyll
Island-State Park Auth., 713 F.2d 1518, 1525-26 (11th Cir. 1983). Once a
2
In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981), we adopted as
binding precedent all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down prior to close of
business on September 30, 1981.
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defendant contests the timeliness of the filing of the complaint, the employee bears
the burden of establishing that she timely filed her complaint. Green v. Union
Foundry Co., 281 F.3d 1229, 1234 (11th Cir. 2002). Likewise, the employee bears
the burden of proving that equitable tolling is appropriate. Ross v. Buckeye
Cellulose Corp., 980 F.2d 648, 661 (11th Cir. 1993).
We have recognized three distinct situations in which the Title VII limitation
periods may be equitably tolled: (1) during the pendency of an action against the
same parties and involving the same cause of action in a state court which had
jurisdiction over the subject matter of the suit but was the wrong forum under state
law; (2) when the defendant concealed facts that support the plaintiff’s cause of
action, until such time as the plaintiff knew or should have known of these facts;
and (3) when the EEOC misleads a complainant about the nature of his rights
under Title VII. Chappell v. Emco Mach. Works Co., 601 F.2d 1295, 1302-03 (5th
Cir. 1979). We have rejected arguments that pursuit of other remedies affects an
employees’s duty to assert Title VII claims within applicable periods of limitations.
Stafford v. Muscogee County Bd. of Educ., 688 F.2d 1383, 1388 (11th Cir. 1982).
Because the EEOC unambiguously advised Jones that it had terminated
administrative processing of her computer training related and other non-witness
statement related claims and of her right to file a civil action in its May 18, 2005,
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Jones’s 90 day filing period commenced at that time, and her civil complaint was
initiated well outside of the filing period. Further, the factual circumstances of this
case do not fall within the three situations that we have recognized as qualifying
for equitable tolling of the 90 day filing period. Therefore, we affirm the district
court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the Air Force with respect to this
claim.
II.
An employee may waive her cause of action under Title VII as part of a
settlement agreement. Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., 415 U.S. 36, 52 n.15,
94 S. Ct. 1011, 1021 n.15, 39 L. Ed. 2d 147 (1974). The construction of a
settlement agreement is a question of law subject to de novo review. Schwartz
v. Florida Bd. of Regents, 807 F.2d 901, 905 (11th Cir. 1987). The words and
terms of a settlement agreement are given their plain and ordinary meaning, and a
court should not add or subtract any language from the face of a clearly worded
agreement. Id.
The parties’ settlement agreement only required removal of witness
statements from Jones’s personnel file. The record does not reveal a dispute as to
whether the witness statements were in fact removed. Therefore, even though
Jones timely filed her civil action with respect to this claim, the district court
6
properly concluded that this provision of the settlement agreement had not been
breached and granted summary judgment in favor of the Air Force.
Accordingly, we affirm as to this issue as well.
AFFIRMED
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