United States v. Bozza

United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
No. 96-9293.
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
John Francis BOZZA, Defendant-Appellant.
Jan. 8, 1998.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. (No. 1:95-CR-79),
Julie E. Carnes, Judge.
Before HATCHETT, Chief Judge, and EDMONDSON and COX, Circuit Judges.
HATCHETT, Chief Judge:
In this criminal case, the appellant challenges, among other things, the district court's
imposition of a sentencing enhancement pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3147 and U.S.S.G. § 2J1.7. We
affirm the judgment of the district court.
BACKGROUND
In February 1995, a federal grand jury in the Northern District of Georgia indicted appellant
John Bozza on three counts of falsely impersonating a federal official in violation of 18 U.S.C. §
912, and two counts of travel fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2314. In November 1995, one week
before the trial was scheduled to begin, Bozza pleaded guilty to all five counts. Thereafter, the
probation office prepared an initial presentence investigation report (PSR), calculating a sentencing
guideline range of sixty-three to seventy-eight months. Bozza's appointed counsel subsequently
moved to withdraw from the case, in part due to Bozza's dissatisfaction with her. The district court
ultimately granted the withdrawal.
In January 1996, the government filed a notice of sentencing enhancement pursuant to 18
U.S.C. § 3147 because Bozza had committed the instant offenses while released on bond for a prior
conviction.1 In May 1996, Bozza—through new counsel—filed a motion to withdraw his guilty
plea, which the court denied. In October 1996, the probation office issued a revised PSR,
recalculating Bozza's custody guideline range as 110 to 137 months based, in part, on the section
3147 enhancement. Thereafter, the court sentenced Bozza to thirty-six months of imprisonment for
each of the false impersonation charges and ninety-five months for each travel fraud count—all to
run concurrently. The ninety-five month sentence, however, was to run consecutively with the
federal prison sentence Bozza was serving for his prior conviction. The court also sentenced Bozza
to an additional consecutive prison term of one month pursuant to section 3147, a three-year
supervised release term, a special assessment of $250 and restitution in the amount of $174,415.86.
ISSUE
The sole issue we discuss is whether the district court erred in imposing a sentencing
enhancement pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3147 and U.S.S.G. § 2J1.7 without having first notified Bozza,
prior to accepting his plea of guilty, of the possible enhancement.2
DISCUSSION
Bozza contends that the government failed to provide adequate notice of its intention to seek
a sentencing enhancement. Bozza argues that section 2J1.7's commentary requires that he receive
sufficient notice before the government may seek such an enhancement, and that "sufficient" means
prior to trial or the entry of a plea. Bozza also asserts that the lack of notice violated Federal Rule
1
Bozza previously pleaded guilty to impersonating a federal agent and was released on bond
pending the appeal of his sentence therefrom.
2
Bozza also contends that the district court (1) erred in denying his motion to withdraw his
guilty plea; and (2) engaged in impermissible double-counting when it assessed two sentencing
enhancements based on the same conduct. We find these issues to be devoid of merit, and
therefore affirm without discussion. See 11th Cir. R. 36-1.
of Criminal Procedure 11 and thus invalidated his guilty plea. The government responds that Bozza
received sufficient notice on three different occasions that he was subject to a sentencing
enhancement pursuant to section 2J1.7 and section 3147:(1) when he signed his release bond for his
prior conviction; (2) when, prior to sentencing, the government filed a notice seeking a sentencing
enhancement; and (3) in the revised PSR.3
We review the district court's interpretation and application of the sentencing guidelines de
novo. United States v. Lewis, 115 F.3d 1531, 1536 (11th Cir.1997). Title 18 U.S.C. § 3147 provides
in pertinent part:
A person convicted of an offense committed while released under this chapter shall be
sentenced, in addition to the sentence prescribed for the offense[,] to ... a term of
imprisonment of not more than ten years if the offense is a felony.... A term of imprisonment
imposed under this section shall be consecutive to any other sentence of imprisonment.
18 U.S.C.A. § 3147 (West 1997). When section 3147 is applicable, section 2J1.7 requires the court
to "add 3 levels to the offense level for the offense committed while on release as if this section were
a specific offense characteristic contained in the offense guideline for the offense committed while
on release." U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 2J1.7 (1995). The commentary to section 2J1.7,
however, indicates that the court or the government must give the defendant "sufficient notice"
before the court may enhance the defendant's sentence. See U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual §
2J1.7 comment. (backg'd) (1995). The guidelines do not indicate what constitutes such notice.
We conclude that section 2J1.7 does not require a district court to notify the defendant of
3
On June 5, 1992, Bozza signed the Order Setting Conditions of Release, which provides in
pertinent part:
The commission of any crime while on pre-trial release may result in an
additional sentence to a term of imprisonment of not more than ten years, if the
offense is a felony; or a term of imprisonment of not more than one year, if the
offense is a misdemeanor. This sentence shall be in addition to any other
sentence.
the sentencing enhancement prior to accepting his or her guilty plea. But see United States v. Pierce,
5 F.3d 791, 793-94 (5th Cir.1993) (holding that the court erred in failing to inform the defendant of
the section 3147 enhancement prior to accepting his plea, but concluding that any error was harmless
under the facts of that case). In United States v. Browning, 61 F.3d 752, 755 (10th Cir.1995), the
district court enhanced the defendant's sentence three levels pursuant to section 2J1.7. It was
undisputed that only the PSR provided the defendant with notification of the possible enhancement.
Browning, 61 F.3d at 756. The Tenth Circuit held that the notice of the enhancement was sufficient
because the defendant received the notice prior to sentencing and thus had the opportunity to object
to the enhancement. Browning, 61 F.3d at 757. We find Browning persuasive, and its holding
defeats Bozza's claim. It is clear that Bozza had notice of the possible enhancement from the release
bond for his prior conviction, the government's notice seeking a sentencing enhancement, and the
revised PSR. Like Browning, Bozza had the opportunity to, and in fact did, object to the
enhancement prior to sentencing.
In addition, Bozza's contention that his purported lack of notice of the possible enhancement
violated Rule 11 is without merit. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(c)(1) advisory committee notes (1989)
("Since it will be impracticable, if not impossible, to know which guidelines will be relevant prior
to the formulation of a presentence report and resolution of disputed facts, [Rule 11(c)(1) ] does not
require the court to specify which guidelines will be important or which grounds for departure might
prove to be significant."); United States v. Pearson, 910 F.2d 221, 223 (5th Cir.1990) ("The [1989]
amendment [to Rule 11(c)(1) ] requires the court to inform the defendant that it must consider the
Guidelines but that it may depart therefrom.... [T]he amended rule does not oblige the court to
explain which guidelines will be relevant before accepting a plea.") (discussing the career offender
enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 1093, 111 S.Ct. 977, 112
L.Ed.2d 1062 (1991).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the district court did not err in imposing a
sentencing enhancement pursuant to section 3147 and section 2J1.7 without having notified Bozza
of the enhancement prior to the entry of his guilty plea. We affirm the judgment of the district court.
AFFIRMED.