United States v. Leonard Henry

Case: 15-12705 Date Filed: 06/27/2016 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 15-12705
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:93-cr-00123-DTKH-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
LEONARD HENRY,
a.k.a. Rafta,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
________________________
(June 27, 2016)
Before WILSON, ROSENBAUM, and JULIE CARNES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Defendant Leonard Henry, proceeding with counsel, appeals the district
court’s order denying his motion for a reduction of sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782 to the Sentencing Guidelines. After careful
review, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In 1994, a jury convicted Defendant of conspiring to possess with intent to
distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846; knowingly using
and carrying a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime, in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 and 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and 2; possession of a
machine gun, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(o)(1), 924(a)(2) and 2; possession
of unregistered firearms, in violation of 26 U.S.C. §§ 5861(d), 5871 and 18 U.S.C.
§ 2; and intimidating a witness, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1512(b)(1) and (2).
In anticipation of sentencing, the probation officer prepared a Presentence
Investigation Report (“PSR”). The PSR assigned Defendant a base offense level of
38 pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(a)(3) because the offense involved 150 kilograms
or more of cocaine. Defendant also received a four-level increase pursuant to
U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a) because he was an organizer or leader in the conspiracy, and a
two-level increase under U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1 for obstruction of justice. As a result,
Defendant had a total offense level of 44. Because Defendant had zero criminal
history points, the PSR assigned him a criminal history category of I. Based on a
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total offense level of 44 and a criminal history category of I, the PSR calculated a
guideline range of life imprisonment. The PSR also stated that Defendant was
subject to a mandatory 30-year consecutive sentence for his conviction for use of a
firearm during a drug trafficking crime. The district court ultimately sentenced
Defendant to life imprisonment followed by a consecutive 30-year sentence.
In 2015, Defendant filed a counseled § 3582(c)(2) motion, asserting that he
was eligible for a sentence reduction because Amendment 782 lowered his
guideline range. 1 He further argued that the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors did not
warrant a sentence in excess of 60 years’ imprisonment, especially given
Defendant’s advanced age and his likelihood of deportation. After considering the
§ 3553(a) factors, the district court denied Defendant’s motion, concluding that
Defendant remained ineligible for a sentence reduction based on the nature and
circumstances of his offense.
Defendant now appeals arguing that the district court unreasonably weighed
the § 3553(a) factors in denying his motion. In particular, he asserts that he does
not present a risk of danger to the community given his advanced age, and he
would likely be deported upon his release. Moreover, even if his sentence were
1
Before counsel was appointed to represent Defendant, he had initially filed a § 3582(c)(2)
motion based on Amendment 693. The district court later denied Defendant’s motion for a
sentence reduction pursuant to Amendment 693. Defendant, however, does not challenge the
denial of that motion on appeal.
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reduced to 360 months’ imprisonment, he would still face a minimum of 60 years’
imprisonment based on the mandatory consecutive 30-year sentence.
II. DISCUSSION
We review the district court’s decision to deny a sentence reduction under
§ 3582(c)(2) for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Jules, 595 F.3d 1239,
1241 (11th Cir. 2010).
Under § 3582(c)(2), a district court may modify a term of imprisonment
when the original sentencing range has been subsequently lowered as a result of
the amendment to the Guidelines by the Sentencing Commission. 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(2). To be eligible for a sentencing reduction under § 3582(c)(2), a
defendant must identify an amendment to the Sentencing Guidelines that is listed
in U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(d). U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(a)(1). Amendment 782 reduced the
base offense level for most drug offenses by two levels. Id. § 1B1.10(d); U.S.S.G.
App. C. Amend. 782 (2014).
A district court must follow a two-step process in ruling on a § 3582(c)(2)
motion. United States v. Bravo, 203 F.3d 778, 780 (11th Cir. 2000). First, the
district court must “determin[e] a new base level by substituting the amended
guideline range for the originally applied guideline range, and then us[e] that new
base level to determine what ultimate sentence it would have imposed.” Id. At
this step, all other guideline application decisions made during the original
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sentencing remain the same. Id. Second, the district court must decide whether, in
its discretion and in light of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors,2 to retain the original
sentence or to resentence the defendant under the amended guideline range. Id. at
781.
Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Defendant’s
motion for a sentence reduction. The district court complied with the two-part
procedure for analyzing Defendant’s § 3582(c)(2) motion. Both parties agree that
although the district court stated that Defendant was ineligible for a sentence
reduction, the district court exercised its discretion in denying Defendant’s motion.
Indeed, at the district court’s request, the probation officer submitted a report,
which stated that Amendment 782 lowered Defendant’s base offense level to 36.
With all other guidelines calculations remaining the same, Defendant had an
amended guideline range of 360 months’ to life imprisonment.
After determining that Defendant was eligible for a sentence reduction, the
district court was required to consider the § 3553(a) factors. See Bravo, 203 F.3d
at 780. And indeed the district court did so by explicitly stating that it had
2
The § 3553(a) factors include: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history
and characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to
promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offense; (3) the need for
deterrence; (4) the need to protect the public; (5) the need to provide the defendant with needed
education or vocational training or medical care; (6) the kinds of sentences available; (7) the
Sentencing Guidelines range; (8) pertinent policy statements of the Sentencing Commission;
(9) the need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities; and (10) the need to provide restitution
to victims. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
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considered the § 3553(a) factors, and by referencing several facts related to those
factors that weighed against a sentence reduction. As noted by the district court,
Defendant’s leadership role in a gang that conspired to commit an armed robbery
of a drug dealer, in addition to Defendant’s role as an organizer of a conspiracy
whose sole purpose was to rob and murder weighed against a sentence reduction.
See United States v. Brown, 104 F.3d 1254, 1255–56 (11th Cir. 1997) (affirming
the district court’s discretionary denial of defendant’s motion for a sentence
reduction because of defendant’s significant involvement in a large cocaine
conspiracy, as well as his lack of remorse and acceptance of responsibility).
We are not persuaded by Defendant’s arguments that the district court
abused its discretion in denying his motion due to his advanced age and likelihood
of deportation, or by focusing on Defendant’s offense conduct, which Defendant
asserts had already been taken into account by the guidelines calculations.
Defendant essentially takes issue with the weight the district court assigned to the
§ 3553(a) factors; however, the weight to assign each factor is entirely within the
district court’s discretion. See United States v. Clay, 483 F.3d 739, 743 (11th Cir.
2007) (“The weight to be accorded any given § 3553(a) factor is a matter
committed to the sound discretion of the district court. . . .” (quotations omitted)).
In short, we cannot say the district court abused its discretion, as Defendant has not
shown that the district court “fail[ed] to apply the proper legal standard or to
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follow proper procedures in making its determination.” Jules, 595 F.3d at 1242
(quotations and alteration omitted).
AFFIRMED.
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