Irene Mirand v. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S. Inc.

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the
United States Court of Appeals
For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-12845
Non-Argument Calendar
____________________
IRENE MIRAND,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
WALT DISNEY PARKS AND RESORTS
U.S. INC,
Defendant-Appellee.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
D.C. Docket No. 2:20-cv-14265-AMC
____________________
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2 Opinion of the Court 21-12845
Before WILSON, JILL PRYOR, and BRASHER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
After plaintiff Irene Mirand applied but was not hired for a
series of jobs with defendant Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S.
Inc., she sued the company under the Age Discrimination in Em-
ployment Act (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 623(a)(2), bringing a disparate
impact claim. The district court dismissed her complaint for failure
to state a claim, and she challenges the dismissal in this appeal. Af-
ter careful consideration of the briefs and record, we affirm.
I.
Mirand, who was over the age of 40 at the time, applied for
a financial analyst position with Disney. She interviewed for the
position but was not hired. She later applied for more than a dozen
other positions with the company but was not hired for any of
them.
Proceeding pro se, she filed this lawsuit against Disney, al-
leging that it used unlawful hiring criteria that had a disparate im-
pact on individuals over 40 years old. 1 The company moved to
1 Mirand’s complaint included a second claim alleging that the company en-
gaged in intentional age discrimination when it did not hire her for the finan-
cial analyst position. The district court granted summary judgment to the
company on this claim, concluding that Disney had a legitimate, non-discrim-
inatory reason for not hiring Mirand, and she had not come forward with evi-
dence showing that its reason was a pretext for discrimination. Because
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21-12845 Opinion of the Court 3
dismiss the claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).
The district court granted the motion, giving two alternative rea-
sons for its ruling. First, the court explained that binding Eleventh
Circuit precedent established that only employees, not job appli-
cants, may bring disparate impact claims under the ADEA. See Vil-
larreal v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 839 F.3d 958, 963 (11th Cir.
2016) (en banc). Second, the court ruled that even assuming a job
applicant could bring a disparate impact claim under the ADEA,
Mirand failed to state a claim because she had not identified a spe-
cific employment practice responsible for any observed statistical
disparities in the hiring of individuals over the age of 40. This is
Mirand’s appeal.
II.
We review de novo a district court order granting a motion
to dismiss for failure to state a claim for relief, accepting the com-
plaint’s allegations as true and construing them in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff. See Fox v. Gaines, 4 F.4th 1293, 1295 (11th
Cir. 2021). We also review de novo a district court’s interpretation
of a statute. Id.When a district court’s decision rests on two or more inde-
pendent, alternative grounds, the appellant must challenge all the
grounds to succeed on appeal. See Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridan Ins.
Co., 739 F.3d 678, 680 (11th Cir. 2014). If in her initial brief an
Mirand does not argue on appeal that the district court erred in granting sum-
mary judgment on this claim, we address it no further.
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4 Opinion of the Court 21-12845
appellant fails to challenge one of the alternative grounds on which
the district court based its decision, she is deemed to have aban-
doned any such challenge, and the judgment is due to be affirmed
on that ground. Id. Although “we read briefs filed by pro se litigants
liberally, issues not briefed on appeal by a pro se litigant are
deemed abandoned.” Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th
Cir. 2008) (citations omitted).
III.
Mirand argues on appeal that the district court erred in dis-
missing her ADEA disparate impact claim. She maintains that the
district court erred when it interpreted the ADEA as allowing only
an employee and not an unsuccessful job applicant to sue an em-
ployer for using a practice that has a disparate impact on older
workers. But she fails to address the district court’s alternative
ground for dismissing this claim: that she failed to identify any spe-
cific employment practice with a disparate impact. Because of her
failure to challenge each independent ground on which the district
court based its decision to dismiss the disparate impact claim, we
conclude that she has abandoned any challenge to the dismissal.
See Sapuppo, 739 F.3d at 680.
But even assuming that Mirand had not abandoned her chal-
lenge, we cannot say that the district court erred in dismissing her
disparate impact claim. The district court was correct that under
our precedent “an applicant for employment cannot sue an em-
ployer [under the ADEA] for disparate impact.” Villarreal, 839 F.3d
at 961. Although Miranda advances arguments about why the
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21-12845 Opinion of the Court 5
ADEA’s statutory language authorizes an applicant to sue, we are
bound by our prior precedent. See Smith v. GTE Corp., 236 F.3d
1292, 1304 (11th Cir. 2001).
AFFIRMED.