National Casualty Company v. Repheka Persadi

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCIT
____________________________
No. 14-11933
Non-Argument Calendar
_____________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:13-cv-01381-TWT
NATIONAL CASUALTY COMPANY,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
versus
MELANIE PICKENS,
Defendant,
REPHEKA PERSADI,
by and through her legal guardian, Frank Persadi,
Defendant – Appellant.
____________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
_____________________________
(November 7, 2014)
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Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
We conclude for the reasons stated by the District Court in its Opinion and
Order of April 4, 2014 (which is attached as an Appendix), that National Casualty
Company did not have a duty to defend, and thus did not have a duty to indemnify,
Melanie Pickens in the state court action brought against her by Repheka Persadi.
The District Court’s judgment in favor of National Casualty Company is
accordingly
AFFIRMED.
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APPENDIX
OPINION AND ORDER
The Plaintiff National Casualty Company is seeking a declaratory judgment
regarding its obligations to defend and indemnify the Defendant Melanie Pickens. It is
before the Court on the Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 16]. For the
reasons set forth below, the Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 16] is
GRANTED.
I. Background
The Defendant Repheka Persadi was a student at Hopewell Middle School from
2004 to 2007. (PL’s Statement of Facts ¶ 2.) Persadi has been diagnosed with Downs
syndrome and suffers from other medical ailments. (Id.) The Defendant Melanie
Pickens was her special education teacher. (Id.) On November 21, 2012, Persadi filed suit
against Pickens, asserting a section 1983 claim as well as various state law claims.
(Id. ¶¶ 1, 5, 6.) Persadi alleged that Pickens had committed multiple shocking and
offensive acts, such as:
i. Screaming at Repheka and the other children on a daily basis;
ii. Burping in the faces of Repheka and the other children;
iii. Shaking her breasts and pressing them in the faces of Repheka and other
children;
iv. Pressing her buttocks into the faces of Repheka and the other children and
passing gas;
v. Cursing at Repheka and the other children;
vi. Often using vulgarities in front of Repheka and the other children; and
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vii. Spraying Repheka with Lysol and putting her out in the hallway after
Repheka passed gas in class.
(Id. ¶ 3.) Persadi alleged that these acts were committed “with deliberate indifference
toward the rights of [Persadi] and with specific intent to injure her.” (Id. ¶ 4.)
During the time period within which these alleged acts took place, the Plaintiff
National Casualty Company was an insurer for the Professional Association of
Georgia Educators. (Id. ¶ 9.) By letter dated February 19, 2013, the Plaintiff informed
Pickens that it would defend Pickens in the underlying action, but subject to a
reservation of rights. (Id. ¶ 8.) The Plaintiff then filed the current action requesting a
declaratory judgment that it has no obligation to defend Pickens in the underlying suit,
or indemnify her for any judgment therein. Specifically, the Plaintiff argues that three
exclusions in the insurance contract relieve it from any liability: the intentional acts
exclusion, the criminal acts exclusion, and the sexual misconduct exclusion.
Pickens did not answer the Complaint and has not filed a response to the motion.
Persadi filed an affidavit in response, as well as a brief which argues that the criminal acts
exception does not apply. Pickens did not file a response.
II. Legal Standard
Summary judgment is appropriate only when the pleadings, dispositions and
affidavits submitted by the parties show that no genuine issue of material fact exists and
that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c). The
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court should view the evidence and any inferences that may be drawn in the light most
favorable to the nonmovant. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 158-59 (1970).
The party seeking summary judgment must first identify grounds that show the absence
of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24
(1986). The burden then shifts to the nonmovant, who must go beyond the pleadings
and present affirmative evidence to show that a genuine issue of material fact does
exist. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 257 (1986). “A mere ‘scintilla’ of
evidence supporting the opposing party’s position will not suffice; there must be a
sufficient showing that the jury could reasonably find for that party.” Walker v.
Darbv, 911 F.2d 1573, 1577 (11th Cir. 1990).
III. Discussion
If there is no duty to defend, there is no duty to indemnify. See, e.g., Shafe v.
Am. States Ins. Co., 288 Ga. App. 315, 317 (2007) (“[A]n insurer's duty to defend is
broader than its duty to indemnify.”); Sikirica v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 214,
225 (3d Cir. 2005) (“Because the duty to defend is broader than the duty to indemnify,
there is no duty to indemnify if there is no duty to defend.”). Thus, the Court will
begin by determining whether the Plaintiff has a duty to defend Pickens in the lawsuit
brought against her by Persadi.
“An insurer's duty to defend turns on the language of the insurance contract and the
allegations of the complaint asserted against the insured.” City of Atlanta v. St. Paul
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Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 231 Ga. App. 206, 207 (1998). “In Georgia, insurance is a
matter of contract, and the parties to an insurance policy are bound by its plain and
unambiguous terms.” Richards v. Hanover Ins. Co., 250 Ga. 613, 614 (1983). “[A]n
insurance company is . . . free to insure against certain risks while excluding others.”
Continental Cas. Co. v. H.S.I. Financial Services. Inc., 266 Ga. 260, 262 (1996).
“Although the provisions of an insurance policy will be construed against the insurer
when a part is susceptible of two constructions . . .if the language is unambiguous and
but one reasonable construction is possible, the court will enforce the contract as
written.” Sapp v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 226 Ga. App. 200, 201 (1997) (internal
quotation marks omitted). “To excuse the duty to defend the petition must
unambiguously exclude coverage under the policy . . . and thus, the duty to defend
exists if the claim potentially comes within the policy.” Penn-Am. Ins. Co. v. Disabled
Am. Veterans. Inc., 268 Ga. 564, 565 (1997) (internal citations omitted).
Here, the “intentional acts” exclusion relieves the Plaintiff of liability for all of
the acts that form the basis of Persadi’s claims against Pickens. This exclusion reads:
The Company shall not be obligated to make any payment or defend any
lawsuit in connection with any CLAIM against the insured arising from: . . .
J. an intentional act by. . . the insured, whether or not any resulting damages are
intended or foreseeable, except for such damages resulting from corporal
punishment of any student administered by or at the direction of the insured.
(Schlueter Aff., Ex. 1) (emphasis added). The acts which gave rise to Persadi’s
lawsuit were deliberate. Even though Persadi also asserted a negligence claim against
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Pickens, this claim nonetheless arises from Pickens’ intentional acts. Cf. Continental
Cas. Co., 266 Ga. at 262 (“[C]overage need not be provided even though negligence
was asserted as a concurrent cause of the harm . . . because the harm clearly arose out of
conduct that was within the scope of an insurance policy exclusionary clause.”);
Rucker v. Columbia Nat. Ins. Co., 307 Ga. App. 444, 447-48 (2010) (“Rucker argues
that Taylor’s act of not performing a background check on Phillips was a negligent act
. . . [b]ecause Taylor intended to forego conducting a background check . . . the policy
did not provide coverage for the claim asserted.”). 1
In response, Persadi first argues that summary judgment ought to be denied
because discovery may reveal that Pickens’ acts were not “intentional . . . even though
her actions may have been sufficiently reckless and conscience-shocking to amount to
a . . .substantive due process violation.” (Jones Aff. ¶ 5.) This argument
misunderstands the clear text of the insurance contract. For coverage to be excluded,
Pickens had to have intended the acts, not the consequences. Indeed, the contract
makes clear that it is immaterial whether any resulting damage was intended or
foreseeable. (See Schlueter Aff., Ex. 1.) Persadi never alleged in her complaint against
Pickens – or in her Response brief here – that Pickens’ acts were non-volitional.
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Neither Persadi nor Pickens try to argue that Pickens’ acts constituted
“corporal punishment.”
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Second, Persadi argues that the criminal acts exclusion does not apply because
Pickens was found to be immune from criminal liability. (Persadi’s Resp. to Mot. for
Summ. J., at 3.) Even if this were true, the intentional acts exclusion still relieves the
Plaintiff of any liability in connection with Persadi’s lawsuit. Thus, the Plaintiff does not
have a duty to defend Pickens in the lawsuit brought by Persadi. Consequently, the
Plaintiff also has no duty to indemnify Pickens for any liability that may arise from
Persadi’s lawsuit.
IV. Conclusion
For these reasons, the Court GRANTS the Plaintiff National Casualty
Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 16].
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