United States v. Patrick Santeramo

Case: 16-12151 Date Filed: 02/28/2017 Page: 1 of 6
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 16-12151
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 0:15-cr-60184-WJZ-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
PATRICK SANTERAMO,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(February 28, 2017)
Before MARTIN, JILL PRYOR and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Patrick Santeramo appeals his 18-month sentence, imposed after he pled
guilty to mail fraud. Santeramo asserts that the government breached his plea
agreement by failing to affirmatively and timely recommend that his federal
sentence should run concurrently with his related state sentence. After careful
review, we affirm.
I.
After a federal grand jury indicted Santeramo on two counts of mail fraud, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, he agreed to plead guilty to one of those counts
pursuant to a plea agreement. In exchange for Santeramo’s guilty plea, the
government agreed to dismiss the second mail fraud count and, as relevant here, to
make jointly with defense counsel a number of recommendations to the district
court related to sentencing. These joint recommendations included that
Santeramo’s federal sentence run concurrently with a 60-month state sentence
based on the same fraudulent course of conduct and a recommendation by the
government that Santeramo should receive a sentence at the bottom of his advisory
Sentencing Guidelines range (18 to 24 months’ imprisonment). The plea
agreement also contained a disclaimer “that any recommendation that the
government makes to the Court as to sentencing, whether pursuant to this
agreement or otherwise, is not binding on the Court and the Court may disregard
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the recommendation in its entirety.” Plea Agreement, Doc. 24 at 5.1 The
agreement also stated that Santeramo understood that he was not permitted to
withdraw his plea based on the district court’s decision to reject a sentencing
recommendation made by either or both parties.
The district court held a change-of-plea hearing at which Santeramo
confirmed that he understood the details of the plea agreement. Also at the
hearing, the government asked that the district court “let his sentence, whatever
sentence this Court imposes, start at the same time [as Santeramo’s state sentence]
and be served in state [prison].” Change-of-plea Hearing Transcript, Doc. 29 at
22-23. The district court accepted Santeramo’s plea.
At the sentencing hearing, Santeramo requested that the district court impose
a sentence at the low end of his advisory guidelines range to run concurrently with
his state sentence. The government restated its recommendation that Santeramo
receive an 18-month sentence, the bottom of his guidelines range. The district
court imposed an 18-month sentence to run consecutively to Santeramo’s state
sentence. Santeramo thereafter objected to the sentences running consecutively,
and the government represented to the court that, pursuant to the plea agreement, it
agreed that Santeramo should serve his federal sentence concurrently with his state
sentence. The district court responded that it had “always consider[ed] that to be
1
“Doc.” refers to the numbered entry on the district court’s docket in this case.
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the government’s position,” but emphasized that the government’s position was not
binding on the court. Sentencing Transcript, Doc. 45 at 17. The district court
declined to revisit the sentence it had announced.
This is Santeramo’s appeal.
II.
We generally review de novo whether the government has breached a plea
agreement. United States v. De La Garza, 516 F.3d 1266, 1269 (11th Cir. 2008).
If, however, the defendant failed to object to the alleged breach below, then our
review is limited to plain error. See Puckett v. United States, 556 U.S. 129, 136–43
(2009). Under plain error review, the defendant must show (1) an error, (2) that is
plain, (3) that affected the defendant’s substantial rights. Id. at 135. If those three
prongs are met, we may exercise our discretion to correct the error if it seriously
affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. Id.
The parties dispute whether Santeramo raised a proper objection in the
district court. Although he objected to his sentences running consecutively, he did
not assert that the government had breached the plea agreement. We need not
resolve the parties’ dispute because, as we discuss below, Santeramo’s argument
fails even under a de novo standard of review.
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III.
A material promise by the government, which induces the defendant to plead
guilty, binds the government to that promise. Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S.
257, 262 (1971). In determining whether the government breached the plea
agreement, we must “determine the scope of the government’s promises.” United
States v. Copeland, 381 F.3d 1101, 1105 (11th Cir. 2004). We analyze the plea
agreement according to the defendant’s reasonable understanding upon entering
the plea. United States v. Rewis, 969 F.2d 985, 988 (11th Cir. 1992). Whether the
district court considered or was influenced by the government’s breach is
irrelevant. United States v. Johnson, 132 F.3d 628, 630 (11th Cir. 1998). If the
government breaches a plea agreement, we may either require specific
performance of the plea agreement or permit the defendant to withdraw his plea.
Id. at 631.
Santeramo’s assertion that the government breached the plea agreement is
belied by the record. By agreeing with defense counsel during the sentencing
hearing that Santeramo’s federal sentence should run concurrently with his state
sentence, the government fulfilled its obligation. See Santobello, 404 U.S. at 262;
Copeland, 381 F.3d at 1105. Even though the government failed to recommend a
concurrent sentence before the district court pronounced the sentence, it previously
had made the recommendation at the change-of-plea hearing. And the district
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court confirmed at sentencing that it had “always consider[ed]” the government’s
recommendation to be that Santeramo’s federal and state sentences run
concurrently but that the court was not bound by the recommendation. Moreover,
when the government recommended a concurrent sentence after defense counsel’s
objection at the sentencing hearing, the district court could still entertain the
recommendation and revisit the sentence it had announced. See Puckett, 556 U.S.
at 140. The court simply chose not to. Thus, no breach occurred.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s imposition of Santeramo’s 18
month federal sentence to run consecutively with his state sentence.
AFFIRMED.
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