Arlene Anne Townsend v. Rubin Schron

Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 16-15055
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 8:16-cv-00615-JDW-MAP; 8:11-bkc-22258-MGW
In Re: ARLENE ANNE TOWNSEND,
Petitioner.
__________________________________________________________________
ARLENE ANNE TOWNSEND,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
RUBIN SCHRON,
Defendant-Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
________________________
(February 9, 2017)
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 2 of 8
Before TJOFLAT, WILLIAM PRYOR, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
The Estate of Arlene Anne Townsend (the “Estate”) petitioned the Middle
District of Florida for a writ of mandamus as part of the Estate’s ongoing efforts to
compel the district’s bankruptcy court to remand a pending motion to the Florida
state court system. The district court denied the Estate’s petition for this
“extraordinary remedy.” After full consideration of the parties’ arguments, we
conclude for the reasons discussed below that the petition was properly denied and
that the decision of the district court is due to be AFFIRMED.
I. Background
Although the full history of this litigation is quite lengthy, as relevant here
the procedural posture is relatively straightforward. The Estate initially brought
suit against Trans Healthcare, Inc. (“THI”) for wrongful death in a Florida state
court. When THI failed to appear, a default was entered and the issue of damages
was tried before a jury, which resulted in a $1.1 billion judgment against THI. The
Estate then attempted to alter the judgment against THI by filing a Motion to Alter
or Amend the Judgment (“Motion to Amend”)—which sought to add sixteen “real
parties in interest,” including defendant-appellant Rubin Schron (“Schron”).1 In a
decision that was ultimately reversed by a state appellate court, see Gen. Elec.
1
The Estate has subsequently settled its claims with the other fifteen parties it sought to
add through the Motion to Amend for $23 million.
2
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 3 of 8
Capital Corp. v. Shattuck, 132 So. 3d 908, 911 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014), the trial court
granted this motion ex parte on the same day it was filed.
On remand from the state appellate court, the purported real parties in
interest removed the Motion to Amend to the bankruptcy court for the Middle
District of Florida, invoking subject matter jurisdiction on the grounds that the
motion was “related to” the ongoing Chapter 7 bankruptcy of Fundamental Long
Term Care, Inc. (“FLTCI”). In re Fundamental Long Term Care, Inc., No. 8:11-bk-
22258-MGW (Bankr. M.D. Fla.). The Estate then moved to remand the Motion to
Amend to the Florida court and the bankruptcy court denied the request. On a
renewed motion to remand, the bankruptcy court conducted a hearing and
concluded that, although the underlying wrongful death action remained with the
state court, the Motion to Amend had been properly removed and again denied the
motion to remand.
The Estate then petitioned the district court for a writ of mandamus, seeking
to compel a remand of the Motion to Amend. After full briefing, the district court
concluded that the Estate’s “right to the writ [wa]s not clear and indisputable” and
that the Estate “ha[d] adequate alternatives to obtain relief.” Accordingly, the
district court denied the petition on each of these two independent grounds. This
appeal followed.
3
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 4 of 8
II. Standard
The writ of mandamus “is a drastic and extraordinary remedy reserved for
really extraordinary causes.” Cheney v. U.S. Dist. Ct. for the Dist. of Columbia,
542 U.S. 367, 380, 124 S. Ct. 2576, 2586–87 (2004) (including among these
causes “a judicial usurpation of power” or a “clear abuse of discretion”); see also
In re Wellcare Health Plans, Inc., 754 F.3d 1234, 1238 (11th Cir. 2014) (quoting
Cheney). The writ may issue only upon the satisfaction of three conditions. First,
in order to ensure that it does not displace the traditional appeals process, “the
party seeking issuance of the writ must have no other adequate means to attain the
relief he desires.” Cheney, 542 U.S. at 380–81, 124 S. Ct. at 2587. Second, the
petitioner’s right to issuance of the writ must be “clear and indisputable.” Id. at
381, 124 S. Ct. at 2587. Finally, if the first two requirements are met, “the issuing
court, in the exercise of its discretion, must be satisfied that the writ is appropriate
under the circumstances.” Id. We review the denial of a petition for the writ for
abuse of discretion and will reverse only if the district court “base[d] its decision
on findings of fact that are clearly erroneous” or if it “misappl[ied] the law to such
findings.” In re Stewart, 641 F.3d 1271, 1275 (11th Cir. 2011).
III. Discussion
As an initial matter, we have no trouble concluding that the avenues of
review available to the Estate—rather than being uniquely limited as they would
4
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 5 of 8
have us believe—are commensurate in scope and quantity to those of any other
litigant who has lost an interlocutory motion. Chief among the “adequate means”
available to the Estate at this juncture would have been a request, under 28 U.S.C.
§ 158(a), for leave to file an interlocutory appeal. The Estate directs us to several
cases where the requested leave was denied by the district court as evidence that
such action would have been “futile” and, by extension, inadequate. But in making
this argument the Estate conflates a likelihood of success on the merits with the
adequacy of the available forum. The Estate has presented no authority, nor are we
aware of any, to suggest that simply because a litigant is unlikely to succeed, an
otherwise viable avenue of review is foreclosed. See Samak v. Warden, FCC
Coleman-Medium, 766 F.3d 1271, 1284–85 (11th. Cir. 2014) (William Pryor, J.,
concurring) (“[T]he adequacy of an appeal, in lieu of a petition for a writ of
mandamus, does not depend on whether the petitioner is likely to win his appeal.
Instead, we ask only whether his claim is addressable in an appeal.”). It would be a
strange result indeed—and one we will not sanction here—to provide an end-run
around the traditional litigation and appeals process, simply because a party does
not like the expected outcome of that process.
Moreover, as the district court noted, the Estate had a second available
avenue: review of the denial for remand after entry of a final judgment by the
bankruptcy court. The Estate argues that the bankruptcy court’s decision to
5
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 6 of 8
withhold a ruling on the Motion to Amend until its decision to enjoin all claims
against Schron 2 is reversed by an appellate court renders the timetable for final
judgment on this motion “indefinite.” But this argument fails in at least two
respects. First, without an appellate decision reversing the bankruptcy court’s
injunction of real-party-in-interest proceedings against Schron, the question of
whether the Motion to Amend should be remanded is undeniably moot. Second,
indefinite is not the same thing as inadequate. It may be true that the bankruptcy
court’s decision has postponed the final resolution of the motion to some
unknowable date in the future, but the writ of mandamus has never existed to
permit a party to skip the normal course of litigation and proceed directly to
appellate review as though from a final judgment. See In re BellSouth Corp., 334
F.3d 941, 954 (11th Cir. 2003) (“The mere possibility that a litigant might have to
re-litigate a case is not a sufficiently compelling interest to warrant immediate
review.”); see also Maloney v. Plunkett, 854 F.2d 152, 154–55 (7th Cir. 1988)
(“[O]rdinarily the inconvenience, lost time, and sunk costs of such further
proceedings as could have been avoided by correcting the trial judge’s error are not
considered the kind of irremediable harm that will satisfy the stringent
requirements for issuing a writ of mandamus.”).
2
In In re Fundamental Long Term Care, Inc., 527 B.R. 497, 517 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. Mar.
20, 2015), the bankruptcy court enjoined the Estate from pursuing any claims against Schron as a
real party in interest.
6
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 7 of 8
Even assuming that the Estate had no other adequate means to attain the
relief it seeks, we are also unable to conclude that a right to the issuance of the writ
was “clear and indisputable.” The Estate argues primarily that the Motion to
Amend was improperly removed because it was not “related to” a Chapter 7
bankruptcy and that, therefore, the bankruptcy court did not have subject matter
jurisdiction at the time of removal. A proceeding is related to a bankruptcy if “ ‘it
could conceivably have an effect on the estate’ [and] the outcome could alter the
debtor’s rights, liabilities, options, or freedom of action (either positively or
negatively) [or] in any way impact[] upon the handling and administration of the
bankrupt estate.” Matter of Lemco Gypsum, Inc., 910 F.2d 784, 788 (11th Cir.
1990) (quoting Pacor, Inc. v. Higgins, 743 F.2d 984, 994 (3d Cir. 1984)). Because
the key word in this test is “conceivably,” we have repeatedly noted that the
“jurisdictional grant [is] extremely broad.” In re Toledo, 170 F.3d 1340, 1344
(11th Cir. 1999). We have no trouble concluding that the district court did not
abuse its discretion when it found that the Motion to Amend could conceivably
alter the rights and liabilities of the debtor (FLTCI) in this case. Not only has the
Motion resulted in a settlement of $23 million payable to the debtor for
disbursement in accordance with the terms of the bankruptcy, but the Estate has
also repeatedly argued that several of the real parties in interest it sought to add
with its Motion to Amend are, in fact, alter egos of the debtor. While we need not
7
Case: 16-15055 Date Filed: 02/09/2017 Page: 8 of 8
decide whether the bankruptcy court’s exercise of jurisdiction was, in fact, proper,
the district court certainly did not abuse its discretion in finding that the Estate’s
right to relief was not clear and indisputable. Accordingly, even if there were no
adequate means of alternative relief available, the Estate would still not be entitled
to issuance of the writ.
IV. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, the district court’s denial of the Estate’s petition for
a writ of mandamus was clearly not an abuse of discretion. The Estate had
adequate alternative means to obtain relief and its right to the writ was neither clear
nor indisputable. Accordingly, the decision of the district court is AFFIRMED.
AFFIRMED.
8